Kamodzi m'munda kapena kumtunda, ndikufuna kupuma kwathunthu osati kuchokera pakupitilira mzindawo, komanso kuchokera ku chilichonse chomwe chimatiphatikiza ndi mzindawu. Sizokayikitsa kuti aliyense angayang'ane njira zowoneka ngati zokongoletsera zamakono. Pakadali pano, ndimayendedwe aminda, mipata ndi mabwalo omwe ali m'gulu la madongosolo opangira mawonekedwe. Bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito miyala yoyika bwino ngati chivundikiro cha njira zaminda, makamaka popeza kuyika miyala yoyaka ndi manja anu si ntchito yovuta. Ndipo tikuuzani zaukadaulo wa njirayi.
Kodi anthu otchedwa ma pavers amatchedwa chiyani?
Poyamba, miyala yopaka matope inali kutanthauza basalt kapena granite, yomwe sinali kungogwiritsa ntchito pongolima m'minda, komanso panjira ndi panjira. Mwa njira, granite yopanda mawonekedwe yokhala ndi lathyathyathya pansi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi. Mipiringidzo iyenera kukhala yofanana ndi kukula kwake. Masiku ano, popukutira madera akuluakulu, makona otchingira ndi sawona omwe akhala akupera kowonjezerapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Panjira ngati izi pamiyala yomwe ndimapaka ndikufuna kuti ndiyende. Amayenererana bwino pakupanga mawonekedwe, ndikukhala gawo lofunikira
Miyala yosungika ikadafunabe, ingowonjezereka, ngakhale zinthu kuchokera mmenemu zimadziwikanso ndi mphamvu komanso kukopa kosalekeza.
Yotsika mtengo konkriti
Mwayi waukulu komanso wosakayikira wopaka konkriti ndi wotsika mtengo wokhala ndi katundu wogula. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira njira zamunda. Popanga zinthu za zokutira izi, konkire umagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe ma pulasitiki ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wachikuda amawonjezeredwa. Miyala yolowera chotere imapangidwa ndi vibropressing kapena vibrocasting.
Ngakhale miyala yamiyala yosema imakhala yotsika mtengo, chivundikiro chokongola kwambiri cha njira zamunda zingapangidwenso kuchokera pamenepo.
Njerwa yopanda kuzizira
Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi ma clinker pavers ndizokhazikika kwake, mphamvu yake komanso kukana kwake kutentha. Kufunda kumeneku kumadalira dongo. Pakatikati pake, malonda oterowo ndi njerwa. Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana.
Kupulumutsidwa kuchokera ku dongo kumawoneka bwino kwambiri. Ma geometry ake olondola amakupatsani mwayi wopanga mapanelo omwe ndi osaganizira bwino kwambiri kukongola
Mitundu yakale yamiyala
Mwala ndi mtundu wapamwamba. Kutengera mawonekedwe ake, miyala yopakidwa miyala imagawidwa, kupukutidwa, kupukutidwa ndi kupukutidwa. Imatha kukhala ya granite, ndi basalt, komanso miyala. Zovala zoterezi zimatha kupulumuka mbuye amene adazipanga. Panjira zaminda, miyala ya siltstone kapena sandangwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati miyala ngati imeneyi ikuwoneka ngati yokwera mtengo kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito mwala wotsika mtengo.
Miyala yopaka ndi miyala ya granite imawoneka yabwino pamasiku amvula ndi patsiku lotentha. Chimodzi mwa zophimba izi ndi kulimba kwake.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito zokutira izi
Mwa zabwino zambiri za zokutira izi, tidatchulapo zazikulu zokha, zomwe timafulumira kuti titchule:
- mawonekedwe okopa;
- mphamvu yovuta;
- kukhazikika
- kukana kusintha kwa kutentha, Komanso, sikuti tikungonena za chisanu, komanso za kutentha;
- kukana abrasion ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina.
Makatani amatha kuwavekera osati panjira zamtunda ndi zamtunda, zomwe zimapangidwira oyenda, komanso nsanja zoyendera, mwachitsanzo. Ngati katundu wambiri akuyembekezeredwa, ikani chovalacho pansi. Izi sizimalola kuti mwala uwonongeke.
Komabe, ndalama zomwe sizinayikidwe pamwala wopaka palokha zimatsimikizira mawonekedwe a njirayo, koma ndi luso ndi ntchito yomwe ntchito idachitidwa
Mitundu yamiyala yopaka miyala ndi njira zamavalidwe
Mitundu itatu yayikulu ya kupaka miyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- m'mizere yokhazikika;
- onjeza;
- motsutsana.
Koma kuchuluka kwa subspecies sikungawerengere: herringbone, pigtail, cheke, masikelo, fan, bwalo ndi njira zina zoyenera nkhani yapadera. Kupatula apo, pali okongola omwe amatha kupanga zokongoletsera zamtundu, zamaluwa kapena zamaluwa, zolemba zachilendo za Chiarabu, mapangidwe okongola padziko lapansi. Ntchito yolenga monga kuyika miyala ndi manja anu imatha kutulutsa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti njira zopakidwa mbali ndi gawo la kapangidwe kazithunzi.
Panjira zam'munda ndi dzikolo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndizoyipika kapena zopukutidwa monga mawonekedwe osakhazikika komanso kakang'ono kakang'ono (7 × 7 × 5 cm kapena 5 × 5 × 3 cm). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera zazing'ono. Ngati mukufuna kupanga mawonekedwe osavuta a geometric, mutha kutenga izi kuti tileyi yoyeza 20x10x4.5 masentimita kuchokera ku njerwa za clinker. Kutenga mawonekedwe abwinobwino kapena achilengedwe, gwiritsani ntchito miyala yozungulira, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku mwala wachilengedwe.
Malingaliro a mbuye uyu alibe malire, ndiye kuti mundawo ndi kanyumba kamatha kuwoneka, kongoletsedwa ndi njira zotere, mokondweretsa ngakhale m'dzinja ladzuwa
Kupanga kukongola sikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri. Njerwa za Clinker m'mitundu iwiri zokha zimatha kupanga zapamwamba zoterezi
Ukadaulo wopanga miyala ya Cobblestone
Mukufuna kuphimba kwa dimba ndi njira zakutchire kukhala zolimba? Tsatirani ukadaulo wamakono.
Gawo # 1 - ntchito yokonzekera
Dongosolo la tsamba lanu liyenera kusinthidwa kuti lipangidwe zithunzi. Tikuyika malo ake oyikiramo. Tsopano, podziwa kutalika kwawo ndi dera lonse, titha kuwerengera kufunika kokapaka. Musaiwale kuwonjezera pa omwe analandila 10% yaukwati womwe ungachitike. Muyenera kugula mchenga, simenti ndi miyala kapena miyala. Musaiwale za geotextiles. Tsopano muyenera kuyika mtunda pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo ndi chingwe cha nayiloni. Zikhomo siziyenera kuyendetsedwa popanda kutalikirana mita 1-1,5.
Gawo # 2 - chotsani dothi, konzani maziko
Timatenga dothi lakuya kotero kuti mtsogolo panjirayo imagwirizana ndi nthaka kapena pamwamba pake. Kupanda kutero, madzi omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa mvula amadzadziunjikira m'malo opangika ndikuwuma, kapena amayenera kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, timaganizira za makulidwe amtsogolo a mchenga, miyala kapena miyala ndipo timawonjezera kutalika kwa baryo. Mtengo wowerengeka wakuzama kukufukula watuluka.
China chake monga ichi chikuyenera kuwoneka munjira ya njanji yomwe timapanga ndi manja athu. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa gawo lililonse, mutha kudziwa kuya komwe muyenera kutengapo dothi
Tikukonzekera maziko, osasungira nthawi ino ndi kuyesetsa kuchita izi. Dziko lapansi likuyenera kupukutidwa bwino, kuchotsera miyala ndi mitengo yonse yosafunikira. Timakwaniritsa malo athyathyathya, omwe timadzaza maenje onse, ndikufinya ma tubercles. Kenako timapukuta dothi. Ngati mulibe chida chapadera pacholinga ichi, mutha kuchita nokha.
Nthaka iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ma geotextiles: namsongole sangamere kudzera mu nsalu iyi ndikuwononga njira yanu. Panthaka yothintha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa 10-20 masentimita woyamba. Ndikwabwino kulimbikitsa dothi lotayirira poyambira ndi dothi, kamene kadzakhala masentimita 10-15. Mulimonsemo, zosungunuka ziyenera kupangidwa bwino. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wosweka ngati mzere woyamba kuti mupewe kuwongolera miyala.
Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kuperekedwa ku madera omwe ali ndi zolemba zovuta. Pankhaniyi, simenti kapena concre sikungapeweke. Matope a simenti amapangidwa pamaziko a simenti imodzi ndi mbali zitatu za mchenga wabwino. Pilo ya simenti inayi kapena isanu ikhale yokwanira. Mutha kuganiziranso njira ina yopetsera pazithunzi pansipa.
Njira ina yotsatirira zigawo, zomwe ziyenera kukhala pansi pa miyala. Musaiwale kuti madzi amvula amayenera kuchoka panjirayo: kutsikira pang'ono m'mphepete sikupweteka
Gawo # 3 - Curb Edging
Ndi malire, ntchito iliyonse imawoneka yoyera komanso yokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kugula malire opangidwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ntchito yomanga. Ndipo mutha kutenga miyala yoimika, mungosankha kukula kokulirapo.
Ngati panjirayo ikufunika malire, mutha kukumba ngalande yowonjezera pa chingwe cha nayiloni. Matope a simenti akuyenera kuthiridwa mu ngalawo m'mene zinthu zomata zimayikidwamo. Chigawo chilichonse chamtsogolo chikhale chogwirira ntchito njirayi chimayenera kukhala cholumikizana ndi cham'mbuyo, ndipo m'mphepete mwa chotchinga chizigwirizana ndi chingwe choluka. Pali chipolopolo chapadera - chimera, chomwe chizenera kuthana ndi zotchinga kuti chiimirire monga momwe mumafunira.
Kuphwanya kumatha kuyikidwa ndi bolodi yolumikizana. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri yomwe geometry yamapangidweyo imakhala yotetezeka kwathunthu.
Ndikosavuta kulimbikitsa kupindika ndi bolodi. Choyamba, mutha kuyikonza mu ngalawo kuti akumbamo, kuti pambuyo pake, ikayikeni, ikanikani mwala kapena matayala.
Gawo # 4 - kuyika chinsalu chachikulu
Osathamanga kuti muyambe kuyala, lolani kuti kudukiza kwa tsiku limodzi. Ngati muli ndi "pilo" wamchenga, muyenera kutaya mchenga ndi madzi musanagone. Pali njira zingapo zoyika miyala.
Musanaveke miyala yopaka, mutha kugogoda bokosilo kuchokera m'mphepete mwake. Kukula Kovomerezeka - mita 1x0.7. Amayikidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa pilo, pambuyo pake amayamba kupanga pang'onopang'ono. Miyala yosungidwa imayikidwa zolimba malinga ndi momwe idapangidwira kale. Kumbukirani kugwiritsa ntchito mulingo womwewo kuti muwone mtundu wa ntchito yomwe mwachita. Pangani zida zanu zokutira muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yopaka miyala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi kapena mabokosi amatabwa kumathandizira kuti masanjidwewo azithunzithunzi, asapitirire kupitirira kukula kwake, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito zazikulu
Ngati mukufuna kudula chinthu muzofunikira, gwiritsani ntchito chopukusira chomata ndi diamondi. Izi zitha kuchitika pakupanga madera ozungulira chinthu: khonde, chosema cha m'munda kapena chosungira. Ngati muli ndi chida cholumikizira chokhala ndi maziko a mphira, kuti musawononge miyala yoyaka, gwiritsani ntchito: nthaka iyenera kukhala yolimba.
Kutsatsa sikungakhale kovuta ndi chokongoletsa chake chapadera. Izi zimachitika m'magawo angapo, zomwe zimafunikira maluso apadera.
Kutsata kutsiriza
Mchenga wonyowa uyenera kuyikika panjira yolumikizidwa, kenako ingolipaka kulumikizana ndi zolimba. Ntchito yatha.
Kumaliza kwa nyimbo yomalizidwa kale kumachitika ndi njira yomwe imadziwika kuyambira nthawi yakale. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyi imatha kuganiziridwa kuti yatha.
Tsopano mukuwona momwe miyala yopukutira, yokhala ndi manja anu, ikongoletsani mundawo m'njira yoyera yoyambirira ndi yopindika. Ngati zonse zachitika pompano, ndiye kuti mlatho wachiwiri uzikhala wosavuta kwa inu.
Kanema wokhala ndi zitsanzo za ntchito yoika
Kanema # 1:
Kanema # 2:
