Ma currants ali ndi adani ambiri: bowa wa ufa wowonda, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthabwala zotsekemera, nthata za impso, ndimoto. Koma simuyenera kugula chida chilichonse chapadera kuchokera kwa aliyense. M'malo mwake, awiri okha ndi okwanira: imodzi kuchokera ku matenda onse, yachiwiri kuchokera ku tizirombo tonse. Ndipo kuti timvetsetse gawo lalikulu la malo ogulitsa minda, ndikokwanira kudziwa mfundo zosavuta zosiyanitsira mankhwala osakanikirana ndi ma currants.
Kufunika kwa kasupe currant processing
Kasupe ndi nthawi yomwe mutha kuwononga tizirombo ndi bowa wa matenda omwe sanathebe kapena kumayambiriro kwawo kwa zakudya ndi chitukuko. Mukapanda kuchitira mankhwalawa, majeremusi amachoka m'malo achisanu, kuyamba kuyamwa madzi awo a currants ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwawo. Zotsatira zake, mudzasiyidwa wopanda mbewu, osati izi zokha, komanso zaka zotsatira.
Ma currants omwe amathandizidwa kumapeto kwa mvula, pang'ono kapena ayi amayamba kudwala matenda ndi tizirombo tchuthi (m'masamba azithunzi omwe adawonongedwa ndi anthracnose)
Tsiku lina chilimwe, munthu amene ndimagwira naye ntchito amadwala. Mphukira anali yokutidwa ndi zokutira yoyera, masamba anasandulika chikasu ndikuwoneka, zipatsozo zimavunda. Koma mwanjira inayake sindinadandaule, tinadya currants, sitiphika kupanikizana, opanda chisanu, chabwino, tisiyeni tidzipweteke. Chaka chotsatira chithunzicho chidabwereza, koma chidayamba kuvuta - nthambi zonse zidayamba kuuma, chitsamba sichidaphuka konse. Ndipo kenako ndidayamba kulingalira. Sindinkafuna kukhala wopanda zipatso. Ndidamwa mankhwalawa: kutsitsi la matenda. Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi currant yanga idayambiranso. Chifukwa chake ndidazindikira kuchokera kwa ine kuti, popanda kukonza ma currants, ndidadzimana mbewuyi kwa zaka ziwiri zathunthu. Kupatula apo, zipatso zamnyengo zamakono zayikidwa imodzi yapitayo. Ndipo chitsamba chatha chilimwe chinalibe mphamvu, zipatso zonse kuchokera pamenepo zimayamwa majeremusi. Chifukwa cha mankhwalawo, currant adatha kuchira ndikugona masamba, omwe adachita maluwa chaka chamawa.
Chikwangwani choyera pamasamba ndi zimayambira ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a powdery mildew.
Pakati pa alimi amakono, pano pali chizolowezi chabwino - osati kudikira tchire, mipesa, mitengo kudwala, koma kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mu April.
Ubale pakati pa mtundu wa mankhwalawa ndi nthawi yothandizira
Pali mankhwala omwe amakhudzana ndi zochitika komanso zofunikira. Ntchito yolumikizirana pokhapokha pokhudzana ndi tizilombo, kuyikira mazira kapena mycelium. Zachilengedwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pazomera, zimatengedwa ndi masamba ndikufalikira m'magawo onse, kuphatikizira mizu. Ziribe kanthu komwe tizilombo titha kusankha chomera, tidzafa. Kuchokera pamenepa titha kunena kuti mankhwala achilendo amayenera kukonzedwa pakakulidwa masamba akakhala masamba, oyambira kwambiri - onga kontenti wobiriwira. Ndipo omwe amalumikizana nawo amakhala othandiza kwambiri mpaka masamba atatseguka, chifukwa nthambi zokhazokha zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa mosamala. Pa ma currants okhala ndi masamba akutuluka kale, tizirombo tidadzuka ndikufalikira kutchire, sizimatheka kulowa mu njira iliyonse.
Kutumphuka kwa impso ndi malire kwakanthawi: asanafike, othandizira amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala amodzi, pambuyo pake - ndi ena
Phukusi la mankhwalawa silingasonyeze: zofunikira zonse kapena kukhudzana. Kenako werengani malangizowo pomwe angathe kukhathamira: masamba, mpaka masamba atatseguka, kutentha pang'ono, etc. Ambiri ndi oyenera kukonzedwa munthawi iliyonse, kungosankha yankho kumasintha.
Gulu la mankhwala poika: fungicides, mankhwala, acaricides
Kukonzekera kwadongosolo ndi kukhudzana kwa chithandizo cha curators agawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Fungicides - ndalama kuchokera ku fungal matenda (Bordeaux osakaniza, HOM, Ridomil, Arzerid, Skor, etc.). Komanso, mankhwala aliwonse pagululi ndiwonsekonse, ndiye kuti, simukufunika kugula lina kuchokera ku ufa wa powdery, koma lina kuchokera ku anthracnose. Aliyense amatha kupha nkhungu zonse zomwe zimakhalapo pa currant.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Woimira wawo wowala ndi Inta-Vir. Koma chithandizo chotere sichothandiza pa nkhupakupa. Palinso mitundu ina - tizirombo tina tonse tomwe timapezeka paliponse. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi Karbofos.
- Ma acaricides ndi zinthu zomwe zimawononga nkhupakupa. Otchuka kwambiri a iwo ndi Aktara ndi Aktelik. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti zida izi, monga Karbofos, ndizachilengedwe, sizimapha nkhupakupa zokha, komanso tizilombo.
Mankhwala ambiri osiyanasiyana amagulitsidwa m'masitolo, koma onse amatha kuphatikizidwa m'magulu atatu: kuchokera ku matenda, tizilombo ndi nkhupakupa
Sindikumvetsa konse: bwanji chisokonezo chotere. Zikuoneka kuti, opanga amafuna kuti tigule mankhwala osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana: imodzi kuchokera ku nkhupakupa la impso, yachiwiri kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba ndi moto. Kamodzi ndidagula fung fung ndi zolembedwa: kuchokera ku powderyypew pa maluwa. Komabe, adalimbana ndi kuwonera pa sitiroberi. Pofuna kuti musagwere "ndodo zodzigulitsa zamalonda", kuti musagule mankhwala ochulukirapo osadzizunza nokha ndikuwononga ndi mahinji ambiri, ndimagula fangayi imodzi ndikumapopera munda wanga wonse ndi iyo. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azithandizo kuzungulira tizirombo. Zotsatira zake, ndimaponya limodzi matenda onse pazikhalidwe zonse, ndipo chachiwiri - kuchokera kuzomera zonse. Ndidadzipeza ndekha ma fungicides awiri othandiza - HOM ndi Skor, ndi mankhwala awiri ophera tizilombo - Karbofos ndi Aktaru. Ndizisinthana kuti majeremusi asatetezeke.
Kanema: nthawi ndi momwe utsiwirira ma currants
Zida pokonzera currants musanafike maluwa
Masamba a currant amayamba kutupa m'mawa kwambiri, chisanu chikasungunuka, ndipo dothi lakumtunda limasungunuka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amayenera kuchitika kale: kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mankhwala achilengedwe panthawiyi siabwino, popeza palibe masamba, chifukwa chake gwiritsani ntchito omwe mumalumikizana nawo. Komanso, ambiri mwa mankhwala omwe ali mgululi amakhala ndi zovuta - amawononga tizilombo ndi bowa. Komabe, palibe tizilombo tambiri ambiri nthawi yozizira pamwamba pa mphukira. Pa ma currants, mazira a tizilombo amatha kuwonongeka ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Madontho akuda pa mphukira akuwumba mazira aphid, masango awo akuwonekera pansi pa impso, ndipo pansi pa mpandawo amawoneka ngati ma tubercles
Simuyenera kuchita kudzikongoletsa ndi mankhwala onse odziwika, sankhani imodzi yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri kwa inu ndi currant yanu. Gwiritsani ntchito imodzi, koma yabwino kwambiri.
Madzi otentha
Kuchiza madzi owiritsa ndi njira yofala kwambiri yochiritsira currants. Chida ichi ndi chaulere, chothandiza kwambiri komanso chopanda vuto kwa anthu. Mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, tizilombo tamoyo tonse timafa. Malamulo oyenera ochizira currants ndi madzi otentha:
- Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa + 60 ... +80 ⁰C. Palibe chifukwa chobowoleza ndi kuyeza ndi thermometer. Mukathira madzi otentha mumtsuko, pitani kuchitsamba, madziwo akamazizira momwe mungafunire.
- Kokani mphukira za currant ndi twine kuti chitsamba chikhale chogwirika, ndiye kuti ndikosavuta kuthiramo, madziwo adzachepa.
- Patulani madzi okwanira lita imodzi pa tchire atatu.
- Pogwira ntchito ndi madzi otentha, samalani chitetezo.
Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso yakale kwambiri yopangira ma currants ndi scalding ndi madzi otentha.
Iron sulfate
Dzina lina ndi mchere wa chitsulo. Chogulitsachi chimakhala ndi acidity yambiri, chimayambitsa kutentha kwa mankhwala kuzinthu zonse zamoyo. Chifukwa chaukali wotere, iwo amafafaniziridwa ndi sulfate yachitsulo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe palibe masamba pa currant. Kumwa mankhwala: 300-400 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Komabe, pa intaneti mutha kupeza malangizo othandizira kupopera mbewu kuti azitha kubereka 5-10 g okha. Chifukwa chake, khulupirirani zambiri zomwe zalembedwa pamapakeji omwe mudagula. Mwina mankhwala ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana amasiyana pamagulu azinthu zomwe zimagwira. Ikani yankho mosamalitsa kuti muchepetse nthambi zonse ndi masamba athunthu. Ntchito ndi nthaka pansi pa tchire.
Iron sulfate ndi mankhwala ankhanza kwambiri, amathandizidwa ndi tchire lokhalokha popanda masamba kapena kuthiriridwa ndi yankho losalimba pansi pazu ngati chovala pamwamba
Urea (urea) ndi sulfate yamkuwa
Mankhwala awiri odziwika bwino amapanga chilengedwe acid, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amawononga mazira a mycelium ndi mazira. Masiku ano m'masitolo mungapeze zida zoyambirira zam'munda zamasamba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo 700 g wa urea ndi 50 g zamkuwa sulphate. Ndikwabwino kuzimasulira padera, chilichonse mu malita 5 a madzi. Copper sulfate imasungunuka mwachangu m'madzi ofunda, kenako ndikuthira mu yankho la urea ndi mtsinje wowonda. Kenako madzi akumwa azitha kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono, popanda zokayikitsa.
Copper sulfate ndi fangayi wofalikira yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zipatso, zipatso za mbatata, mabala amitengo, mankhwala opha majeremusi, etc.
Mwa njira, mankhwalawa ndi amodzi mwa mankhwalawa omwewo mumagwira ntchito imodzi: othandiza carbamide - 700 g pa 10 l kapena mkuwa wambiri - 50 g pa 10 l. Komabe, sulfate yamkuwa imangolimbana ndi majeremusi, ndipo urea ulinso feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Njira yothetsera vutoli imalowa mwa khungwa ndipo imakhala ngati kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Pali chenjezo limodzi: currants omwe amathandizidwa ndi masamba osakwanira 1-1.5 patatha sabata, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maluwa ndi zipatso zidzakhazikitsidwanso panthawiyi.
Urea kapena urea - feteleza wodziwika bwino wa nayitrogeni
Nitrafen
Ichi ndi mankhwala akale kwambiri, adadziwika mu nthawi za Soviet, kenako adagwa pansi pa chiletso. Masiku ano zitha kupezekanso m'masitolo. Ndi phala la bulauni. Nitrafen imapezeka ndi kusefa shale phenols. Pokuthirira ma currants, 200-300 g wa phala limatsitsidwa mu malita 10 a madzi. Mankhwalawa amawononga bowa ndi tizilombo nthawi yachisanu pamwamba pa mphukira, ndipo ngakhale udzu wina. Mankhwalawo ndi olimba komanso owononga thanzi lathu, choncho gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa kuchiritsa mundawo mopitilira kamodzi pachaka 4. Zomwe zimawola ndendende, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi zimatha kudziunjikira m'nthaka ndi zomera.
Dzinali limalembedwa kudzera mwa "o" (Nitrofen) kudzera mwa "a" - Nitrafen. Koma mawonekedwe ake sasintha kuchokera pakulemba - ndi amodzi omwe amapangira mankhwala omwe ali ndi poizoni.
Nitrafen - fungicide, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi herbicide mu botolo limodzi
Mankhwala 30
Chogulitsidwacho chimachotsedwa pamndandanda wambiri chifukwa sichimayambitsa, koma chimakwirira masamba ndi filimu yopanda mpweya. Mafangayi ndi mazira a tizilombo, kukhala pansi pake, okwanira. Mwa njira, zothetsera zomwe zakonzedwa molingana ndi maphikidwe a wowerengeka ndi kuwonjezera pa sopo ali ndi katundu yemweyo. Mankhwala 30 amapangidwa ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana (mankhwala, ma acaricides), kotero paketiyo ikhoza kukhala ndi zolemba: 30 kuphatikiza, 30 D, 30 C, etc. yankho limakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, 10 mpaka 500 g wa mankhwalawa amamwetsa malita 10 a madzi.
Chosakaniza chopangira cha Kukonzekera 30 ndi mafuta amchere, omwe amapanga kanema wakuda pamabowo
Bordeaux osakaniza
Njira yina yakale kwambiri komanso yotchuka. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zikuphatikiza: laimu (alkali) ndi sulfate yamkuwa (mchere). Mukamayanjana, onsewa mankhwala amakankhana, chifukwa chake si owopsa kwa tizilombo. Kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux kumathandizidwa pokhapokha kumatenda, chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkuwa, chomwe chimakhala chowopsa kwa bowa. Musanafike budding, gwiritsani ntchito osakaniza 3% (300 g amkuwa a sulfure ndi laimu pa 10 l yamadzi), masamba - 1% (100 g zamkuwa sulphate ndi laimu pa 10 l).
Kanema: maphikidwe a Bordeaux
Currant mutatsegula masamba
Ngakhale mutakonza currant masamba asanaphuke, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomwe mukukula mudzayenera kuchitanso mankhwalawa. Mafangayi ndi tizilombo timakhala osati kokha munthambi komanso masamba, komanso m'nthaka, mkati mwake ndi mphukira, mipanda ndi namsongole.
Ndiye chifukwa chake ndidakana kulandira chithandizo ndisanaphule. Kufika tchire m'chipale chofewa kapena pansi, kugwira ntchito yozizira ndi madzi - osati zosangalatsa. Kupatula apo, kutentha kukafika, tizilombo ndi bowa zimabwerabe pamtunda kuchokera pansi kapena kuchokera kumalo oyandikana nawo. Ndipo kutentha, padzuwa, mbalame zikaimba, tulips ndikuiwala siziwoneka, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito. Mankhwala awiri okha mchaka: pa chitsamba chobiriwira, kenako masamba, munda wanga ndi wokwanira ngati mumachita chaka chilichonse.
Mafangayi ochokera ku ufa wa powdery ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi mafangasi
Omwe adatchulidwa kale amagwera m'gululi: Bordeaux osakaniza (1%), KhOM (40 g pa 10 l), Skor (2 ml pa 10 l), mkuwa wa sulfate (20 g pa 10 l yamadzi). Analimbikitsa: Ridomil (10 g pa 4 l yamadzi) ndi Arcerid (30 g pa 10 l). Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri a powdery mildew pa currants ndi gooseberries ndi Topaz. Pokonzekera 10 l yankho, 2 ml ndikokwanira.
Topaz adadziyambitsa okha ngati njira yothandiza yothetsera ufa wa powdery.
Malamulo akuluakulu a mankhwalawa ndi fungicides:
- Chepetsa mankhwala mogwirizana ndi malangizo.
- Utsi pa kutentha kwabwino: +4 ⁰C ndi pamwambapa. Kuti mumve malangizo atsatanetsatane, onani malangizo a mankhwala ena.
- Pukutsani bwino masamba, nthaka pansi pa tchire, zothandizira, garters, mpanda wapafupi, etc.
- Ngati chitsamba chimodzi chidwala, chitani zonse.
Optimum chithandizo nthawi ndi fungicides: pa wobiriwira chulucho ndipo mobwerezabwereza pambuyo 10-14 masiku.
Gawo la chulu yobiriwira ndi chiyambi cha kuphukira kwa impso
Kudera lathu la Siberia, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuti musayang'ane kwambiri pakukula kwa impso, koma nyengo. Curators pachimake osachepera kutentha. Ngati pakuzizira, bowa ndi wopanda ntchito, musadye, mankhwala a systemic samathandiza. Palibe kanthu kugwiritsa ntchito omwe mungalumikizane nawo, ndipo ndizowopsa kugwiritsa ntchito zina, chifukwa masamba, atha kuwotchedwa, ndipo tsamba lililonse silingakonzedwe mosamala. Tiyenera kudikirira kutentha (osachepera + 10 ⁰C) ndikuthira ndi fungicides ya systemic.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso ma acaricides kuchokera ku nthata za impso, nsabwe za m'maso, zotchingira moto, zida zamagalasi
Kuchokera kuzilombo zonsezi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi okha, koma povuta, mwachitsanzo, Karbafos (60 g pa 10 l yamadzi), Aktara (1.4 g pa 10 l), Actelik (2 ml pa 2 l yamadzi), Iskra-M (5 ml pa 5 l). Sankhani chimodzi, ndi chinzake pakonzanso. Tizilombo toyamwa timalowetsedwa ndi masamba, kufalikira ndikufalikira ndi kuwononga pa currant: nkhupakupa zobisika mkati mwa impso; mabokosi magalasi kudya pa maziko a mphukira; mphutsi zamtundu wamoto wokhala mu zipatso, ndipo, zomerazi, zoyamwa masamba kuchokera pamasamba.
Aktara samalimbana ndi tizirombo tokha tonse tinatake ta currants, komanso timalimbana ndi kachilomboka
Mankhwalawa ndi abwino chifukwa amayendayenda mkati mwanyengo kwa masabata 1-3, amateteza ku tizirombo tomwe timadya nthawi ya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komanso kuchokera ku mibadwo yamtsogolo. Inde, ma nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa kuyambira maonekedwe a dzira mpaka kutha msinkhu, masiku 5-10 okha amadutsa, kutengera nyengo. Mwa kutentha amakula mwachangu kuposa kuzizira.
Pa tsamba limodzi pali nsabwe za mibadwo yosiyana, komanso mazira, choncho chithandizo chiyenera kubwerezedwanso kuti iwononge mibadwo yomwe ikubwera kumene
Malamulo othandizira tizirombo ndi ofanana ndi matenda. Chithandizo chachiwiri ndichofunikira pokhapokha ngati tizilombo tina tosiyana siyana timachoka m'misasa mwawo munthawi zosiyana. Komanso, kumbukirani kuti tizirombo titha kusamukira kumadera oyandikana nawo.
Menyani ndi nyerere
Nyerere zokha sizivulaza currant. Amakopeka ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zokha, kapena m'malo mwake, kudzipatula. Ngati mukukonza ma currants ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndiye kuti tulani nyerere m'njira. Komanso, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakonda kuyendera pafupipafupi kwa wosamalira mundawo, timangokhala m'malo abata okha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera ku currant, kumasula pansi, madzi, kudyetsa, kudula nthambi zowuma, sonkhanitsani masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi Mafunso.
Mpweya wamtambo nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'makona m'mundawo.
Inde, pali mankhwala ochizira nyerere. Zothandiza kwambiri ndi Anteater. Amagulitsidwa m'migulu yamafuta komanso ngati madzi.Falitsa ma granules kuzungulira tchire. Ngati mukufunika kuwononga anthill, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala amadzimadzi: 1 ampoule (1 ml) wothira mu 10 malita a madzi. Kuchuluka kwa yankho kumakwanira 5th anthill.
Malingaliro anga: nyerere sizoyenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza ngati izi - kuwonongedwa ndi mankhwala. Iwo, komabe, amatibweretsera mapindu, kuwononga tizirombo ambiri, makamaka, mbozi ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Ndimakwanitsa "kudziwa bwino" antchito awa. Ndimakonda kuzungulira zinthu zanga ngati ndiona kuti pamalo olakwika ndulu ya nyerere ikayamba kukula, kuwononga: kukumba, kumasula, ndikuvutitsa mwanjira ina). Nthawi zina muyenera kuchita izi kwa masiku angapo motsatizana. Koma kukakamira kwa anthu kumapambana, tizilombo tina timadongosolo timapita kumalo ena, komwe sindimawasokoneza. Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu lathu lankhondo linali pansi pa chitsamba cham'madzi, mwamphamvu sizinasokoneze pamenepo. Kenako nyanja yam'madzi idadzulidwa, nyerere zotsala ndi mpanda, kupita kumunda wapafupi. Eni akewo amangokhalira pakati pamalopo, koma osakafika pa mpanda, nyerere zimakhalanso ndi mtendere.
Pali kukonzekera ndi njira zambiri zoyambira masika. Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense akhoza kusokonezedwa pachimake chachikulu, kugula chida cholakwika ndikuchiwukonza panthawi yolakwika. Pofuna kuti musawononge ndalama ndi nthawi, muyenera kumvetsetsa chiwembu chophweka. Pamaso kuphukira, mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa kulumikizana, mutha kuthana ndi matenda onse ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira komanso tizirombo tina, pogwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwa masamba kuyamwa mayankho a poizoni. Chitani ndi fungicides matenda, azirombo okhala ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kapena ma acaricides. Chithandizo chimodzi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe sikokwanira, ndikofunikira kupaka iye ngakhale masamba atatseguka.
