Kuika rasipiberi: malamulo oyambira ndi malangizo othandiza

Masamba a buluu ndi amodzi mwa zitsamba zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka pamunda uliwonse wamaluwa. Monga zikhalidwe zina, rasipiberi amafuna njira zingapo zosamalirira, ndipo kuziika ndi imodzi mwazomwezo. Kuti muchite zonse moyenera komanso momwe mungakwaniritsire tchire kukula, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe akupatsirani.

Kukonzekera kumuika wobayira

Tsoka ilo, wamaluwa ambiri amaganiza kuti rasipiberi ndi mabulosi osalemekeza motero amawapatsa chisamaliro chochepa kwambiri, kwinaku akunyalanyaza kumuyika. Pakadali pano, pali zifukwa zingapo zofotokozera chifukwa chake kuwokanirana kuyenera kuphatikizidwa mu magawo a momwe mbewu izi zingakhalire:

• Rasipusi amatsika pansi kwambiri, makamaka ndikukula kwanthawi yayitali malo amodzi. Kuperewera kwa michere kumakhudzanso zokolola ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhudzanso thanzi la chitsamba, chifukwa chake dothi liyenera kusintha.
• Popanda kupatsirana, chiopsezo cha matenda ndi kufalikira kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo (anthracnose, chlorosis, etc.) zimachuluka.
• Kudulira kumathandizira kukonzanso chitsamba ndi kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano.

Kugulitsa nthawi

Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa wamaluwa kuti ndi nyengo iti yabwino kwambiri poika rasipiberi. ONthawi zambiri ntchito zonse zimachitika mu kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Poyamba, yesani kudzutsa chitsamba kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pakati pa Epulo, lachiwiri - kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi nthawi yoti mizu isanayambike nyengo yozizira.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikasinthanitsa raspberries zaka 4 zilizonse.

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba ndikukonzekera

Ma rasipiberi amayenera kuikidwa pamalo abwino ndi dothi labwino (loamy kapena l mchanga). Kuphatikiza apo, malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndikukhala padzuwa - pamthunzi, chomera chimatambalala ndikuchepetsa zokolola. Komanso, malo osankhidwa sayenera kukhala ouma kapena kunyowa kwambiri, kotero lingalirani za malo oyambira pansi - osachepera 1.5 mita kuchokera panthaka. Ambiri wamaluwa amakamba kuti rasipiberi ndiwotsekedwa bwino kwambiri pamalo omwe palibe chomwe chidakula kale. Ngati mulibe mwayi wotere, onaninso zomwe chikhalidwe chimagwiritsa ntchito malo osankhidwa.

Zotsogola zabwino kwambiri za rasipiberi ndi siderates (mphodza, nyemba, rye, oats), nthangala (nandolo, nyemba, soya), nkhaka, zukini, anyezi ndi adyo. Kubzala mitengo ya raspiberi komwe mabroberi kapena mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula sikulimbikitsidwa pafupi ndi currants ndi sea buckthorn.

Muyenera kukonzekera malo a raspberries nyengo isanachitike kumuyika. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba pamalowo, chotsani udzu mosamala (makamaka zovulaza raspulosi) ndikuyika feteleza zotsatirazi: dothi louma, kompositi kapena humus (6-8 makilogalamu / mita²), superphosphate (30 g / m²) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (40 g / m²) Ngati mukukonzekera chiwembu masika, onjezerani urea (10 g / m²), ngati nthawi yophukira - phulusa (500 g / m²). Wamaluwa omwe sangathe kukumana ndi chiwembu chonse amatha kuthira manyowa nthawi yomweyo asanazike.

Asanayambe kufalitsa rasipiberi, nthaka yake imafunikira kuthira feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere

Kumbukirani kuti rasipiberi sioyenera dothi lamankhwala acidic (machitidwe awo akuluakulu amaphatikizanso mapisi kapena mahatchi, kukhalapo kwa zolembedwa zowala ndi madzi osalala mumayowo), masiku 10-12 musanakhale ndi umuna, asungunukeni ndi kukumba laimu (250-300 g / m²) kapena dolomite (350-400 g / m²).

Rapiberi wogulitsa ukadaulo

Mutha kuwalitsa rasipiberi kukhala mabowo ndi m'maenje. Njira zonse ziwiri ndizoyenera kuphukira komanso nthawi yophukira. Ndikwabwino kugwira ntchito mumtambo wopanda phokoso.

Kuphatikiza pa nyengo yam'masiku, alimi ena amangoyang'ana kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Malinga ndi iye, siziyenera kuikidwa kuti zikhale mwezi watsopano ndi mwezi wathunthu, komanso maola 12 asanafike ndipo atangoyamba kumene. Popeza rasipiberi ndi chomera chomwe chimapanga zipatso pamiyala yake, ndibwino kuti muziwonjezera pamasiku omaliza mwezi.

Kuyika chitsamba chachikulire

Pakuzula, zitsamba zathanzi ziyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo mulifupi wake uyenera kukhala wosachepera 1. Asanayikidwe, rasipiberi ayenera kudulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0.7-0.9 m.

1. Pakadutsa masiku 10-15 musanagulidwe pamalo okonzedwa, pangani zinthu zodzala ndi manyowa ngati simunakonze nthaka yonse:
   1. Zitsime. Dongosolo - 30 cm, kuya - 25-30 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mabowo ukhale wa 30-50 cm, pakati pa mizere -1.5 - 2 m.
      

      Ikani mabowo rasipiberi osachepera 30 cm

   2. Trench. Kutalika - 60-80 cm, kuya - 40 cm.
   3. Pansi pa dzenje kapena ngalande, gwiritsani feteleza pachitsamba chilichonse: humus kapena kompositi (3-5 makilogalamu), mchere wa potaziyamu (10 g), superphosphate (10 g). Kuwaza ndi wosanjikiza (masentimita 5-7) lapansi.
   4. Valani zodzikongoletsera ndi kanema kapena zinthu zapa.
2. Sungani bwino chitsamba mozungulira ndi mainchesi 30-30 cm, kuyesa kupulumutsa dothi lapansi.
3. Ikani chitsamba mu recess ndikufalitsa mizu ngati pakufunika.
4. Dzazani chitsamba ndi dothi kuti khosi la muzu (malo omwe tsinde limalowera muzu) lituluke ndi pamwamba panthaka kapena litakwiriridwa ndi masentimita atatu, ndikuyiyika dothi.
5. Thirani chitsamba bwino (pafupifupi malita atatu a madzi) ndi mulch dothi ndi udzu, peat kapena utuchi ndi wosanjikiza 5 cm.

Kupaka rasipiberi - kanema

Ngati ndi kotheka, yesani kuyang'ana mizu ya tchire lomwe anailowetsa - siliyenera kukhala lotupa, zowola kapena zolakwika zina.

Kukula kwa mizu

Mphukira ya rasipiberi, monga mbewu zina, ndi mphukira zomwe zimamera kuchokera pamizu yomwe ili pamizu. Mphukira zotere zimamera pamtunda wa 20-30 cm kuchokera pachitsamba chachikulu. Monga lamulo, kuphatikizira kumachitika mkati mwa Epulo. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, mphukira zimatenga mizu ndikufika 15-20 cm. Pakuzika, ndikwabwino kutenga mphukira 4-5 zomwe zili kutali ndi 0.5-0.7 mamita kuchokera pachitsamba chachikulu.

Pakujambulira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zomwe zili theka la mita kuchokera kuthengo

Chiwembu chofuna kuphukira mizu chimakonzedwa chimodzimodzi ndi akulu akulu. Chitsime kapena ngalande ziyenera kupezekanso ndi umuna momwemo.

1. Masiku 10-15 pamaso pa kumuika, konzani pang'onopang'ono.
2. Sungani mosamala njira zomwe mwasankhazo, kuti musasokoneze mtanda wapadziko lapansi pamizu. Komanso chotsani masambawo.
3. Ikani mphukira pang'onopang'ono pobzala, ndikusiya khosi lomwe lili pamlingo wa dothi kapena ndikukulitsa ndi masentimita 1-2, ndikuyankhira dothi.
4. Madzi abwino (2-2,5 malita a madzi) ndi mulch dothi ndi udzu, peat kapena utuchi ndi wosanjikiza wa 5 cm.

Ngati simunakumanane ndi nthawi yofananira ndikusinthira rasipiberi kumapeto kwa masika, pomwe mphukira zimakula mpaka 0,5 m, mutatha kuziika, zifupikitseni mpaka 15-20 cm kuti mbewu zisawononge mphamvu pakukula m'malo mopanga mizu.

Kusintha kuphukira kufalikira

Mphukira zobwezeretsazo zimatchedwa mphukira zomwe zimamera kuchokera pa masamba ndipo zimapezeka molunjika pachitsamba chachikulu. Kutalika, nthawi zambiri amafika pafupifupi 0,5 m.

Konzani rasipiberi cholowa m'malo mwa kugwa

Chiwembu chobwezeretsanso m'malo mwa mphukira zakonzedwa mu kugwa mwanjira yofananira, ndipo njirayo imayenera kuchitika mu kasupe.

1. Pambuyo pa rasipiberi kumaliza kubala zipatso, kudula zonse zimayambira, ndikusiya mphukira za 1-2.
2. Chotsani mizu yonse.
3. Yendetsani pansi pafupi ndi tchire ndipo mumangirire izi.
4. Pakutha kwa Seputembala, isanayambe chisanu, gwiritsani tchire pang'onopang'ono. Kumbukirani kuti mizu ya rasipiberi iri yakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 20, choncho musatenge pansi mwakuya.
5. Chapakatikati, dulani mphukira ndi masentimita 10. Zimayambira ziyenera kuzoliriridwa mpaka timapepala titalowa ndikukula ndi 1.5 cm.
6. Masamba akakhala kuti afunikira kukula, santhani mizu ya raspberries mozungulira ndi awiri 20 cm.
7. Kukumba chitsamba ndikuchotsa mosamala mmalo mwake zotsalira zakale.
8. Ikani mphukira m'mabungwe obzala omwe anakonzedwa ndikukonzedwa mwa njira zonse, kusiya mizu yolowera dothi kapena kukulitsa ndi masentimita 1-2, ndikuyankhira dothi.
9. Madzi abwino (2-2,5 malita a madzi) ndi mulch dothi ndi udzu, peat kapena utuchi ndi wosanjikiza wa 5 cm.

Sikovuta kuyika ma raspberries, ndikokwanira kukonzekera tsambalo moyenera ndikuchita ntchito yonseyo munthawi yake. Tsatirani malangizowo, ndipo mudzapeza mbewu yabwino yomwe ingakubweretsereni zokolola zabwino.