Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi kukula kwa pichesi

Amapichesi m'minda ya ku Russia ndi mbewu zodziwika bwino. Matenda a fungus, makamaka masamba opindika, sizachilendo kwa iwo. Nthawi zambiri, koma moonekeratu, kuukira kwa tizirombo kumachitika. Nthawi zina pamakhala mavuto ndi kusowa kwa zipatso. Tidzayesa kudziwa wolimayo ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri komanso njira zowathetsera.

Matenda ofala kwambiri a pichesi

Ganizirani matenda akuluakulu a pichesi, zomwe amayambitsa, njira zowongolera ndi kupewa.

Chifukwa chiyani zipatso

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo za vutoli.

Peach sikukutulutsa

Kusapezeka kwa maluwa kukuwonetsa kuti zofunikira sizinapangidwe chomera. Vuto lofala kwambiri ndi ili:

• Kuyika. Pichesi mukabzala, muyenera kusankha malo abwino.
• Dothi losayenera. Peach imakula bwino pamadothi otayirira, ovomerezeka (pamchenga, mchenga wolowa, loam). Pa dothi lolemera, lamiyala kapena la peaty, pichesi siyidzabala zipatso.
• Maluwa amakhudzidwa ndi chisanu - samapirira kutentha pofika -28 ° C.
• Chakudya chopanda malire. Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni yemwe ali ndi vuto la potashi ndi phosphorous ndi chifukwa chofala chopanda maluwa.
• Komanso musayembekezere kutulutsa kwa pichesi komwe kumayambukiridwa ndi matenda, makamaka masamba opindika.

Maluwa a pichesi, koma palibe mawonekedwe a mazira

Ngati maluwa atakula bwino sanapangidwe, izi zikuwonetsa kuti kupukusa kwa maluwa sikunachitike. Peach ndichikhalidwe chodzilimbitsa nokha, koma mumkhalidwe wovuta wamvula - mvula, mafunde amphamvu - kupukusani m'mimba sikungachitike. Palibe zoyenera kuchitidwa pa izi - muyenera kudikirira nyengo yotsatira, yopambana.

Maluwa a Peach amagwa

Mitundu yakugwa imawonedwa pawiri.

• Loyamba ndi nthaka ya acidic. Poterepa, mutha kuyesa kuti muchotseremo poonjezera dothi kapena chimbudzi m'dzinja pokumba. Norm - 500 magalamu 1 mita².
• Chachiwiri ndikuwonongeka kwa maluwa ndi weevil weevil. Zambiri pazomwe zili pansipa mu gawo loyenerera.

Kuzindikira kwa Cameo (gummosis)

Chimbudzi ndi chomata, chamtundu wachikasu chofiirira chomwe nthawi zambiri chimawonekera chifukwa cha mabala ndi ming'alu mu khungwa la chomera, komanso zipatso. Kwa anthu wamba, chingamu chimangotchedwa kuti guluu. Matendawa amatengeka ndi katulutsidwe kamadzi am'madzi awa amatchedwa gumosis kapena gummosis.

Mafuta okhuthala achikasu otuwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatulutsa mabala ndi ming'alu pamakungwa a chomera, amatchedwa chingamu, ndipo matendawa amatchedwa chingamu

Matendawa osapatsirana amawoneka kwambiri zipatso zamwala. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:

• Kuvulala kwamakina kwa khungwa ndi nkhuni.
• Kudulira kolakwika kapena kosakonzekera. Tikumbukire kuti kudulira kwa nthambi zokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira sentimita imodzi kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha pamtengowo. Ndiponso sitiyenera kuyiwala za kukonza magawo onse a var var ya m'munda.
• Kuwonongeka kwa kotekisi chifukwa cha chisanu.
• Kuthirira kwambiri kapena kusayenda kwa madzi muzu woyambira kumathandizira kuti phungamu lipume komanso kutuluka kwake.
• Matenda a fungus (cytosporosis, khansa yakuda) amathanso kuyambitsa matenda a chingamu.

Madera ang'onoting'ono amadzimadzi sadzavulaza mbewuyo, koma ngati dera lawolo liyamba kuchuluka, ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndiosavuta kuyeretsa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mpeni kapena nkhuni (kutengera kuwonongeka), kupha matendawa ndi njira ya 3% ya mkuwa wa sulfate ndi chithandizo ndi var vars. Palinso mankhwala a wowerengeka - mabala amapaka ndi masamba atsopano a sorelo. Pambuyo kuyanika, njirayi imabwerezedwanso kawiri, pambuyo pake chilondacho chidaphimbidwa ndi varnish ya m'munda kapena putty.

Khungwa losweka pamtengo wa pichesi

Zodabwitsazi sizingachitike pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

• Nthawi zambiri, kuluka kwamakungwa kumayambitsidwa ndi frostbite. M'masiku otentha kwambiri, kusiyanasiyana kwa matenthedwe pamtengowo ndi kumafikira pang'ono pamitengo, komwe kumayambitsa mapangidwe osakhwima. Popeza pichesi ndichopenda chakum'mwera chomwe chimakonda kutentha, chikamakulitsa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuchipatsa kutentha nthawi yachisanu.
  

  Ming'alu mu mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera kuwonongeka kwa chisanu nthawi zambiri imakhala

• Kutentha kwa dzuwa nthawi zambiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha, chifukwa cha kutentha kwamphamvu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, thunthu, lomwe silimasinthidwa kutentha pambuyo pa chisanu yozizira, limaphwanya dongosolo la minofu, ndikupangitsa kusweka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kufa kwa magawo onse a kotekisiyo. Kupewa kwa izi ndi kupendekera kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ya nthambi ndi nthambi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni nthawi yophukira kumapangitsa kukula kwa mtengowu, pomwe khungwa limakonda kuswa.
• Kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda ena a fungal - kleasterosporiosis, khansa yakuda, cytosporosis.

Chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuti makungwa ayambidwe, ayenera kuthandizidwa. Njira yakuchiritsira ikufotokozedwa m'gawo lakale.

Pichesi masamba

Kukula mbande zamapichesi kwa mbewu ndi njira yofala pofalikira. Ngati nthawi yomweyo wolima mundawo adakumana ndi mfundo yoti masamba omwe adaphukawo adayamba kuuma, ndiye kuti vutoli limayamba chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a ulimiine. Zifukwa zotheka:

• Kupanda chinyezi.
• Kuchuluka chinyezi, kusayenda kwamadzi mu thanki ndi dothi.
• Dothi lolemera.
• Chipindacho ndichotentha kwambiri komanso chouma. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 20-25 ° C, chinyezi ndi 70-80%.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi tizirombo kapena bowa.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti popewa komanso kuthetsa vutoli, munthu ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo aulimi, kuwonetsetsa kuti pali chakudya choyenera komanso chithirira.

Masamba a Peach amasandulika ofiira ndi azipiringa.

Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa cha matenda a peach fungal - curly masamba. Nthawi zambiri imadziwoneka yokha mu masika itatha maluwa ochepa mphukira. Pankhaniyi, yoyamba, mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira pamasamba, mtsogolo amapotoza. Pa gawo lotsatira, masamba amakhala akuda ndi owuma, kenako nkugwa. Ngati simukuchita, ndiye kuti pakati pa Meyi - June, masamba ambiri adzapotozedwa, zipatso sizikhala kapena kukhazikika, zonyansa. Matendawa amakula msanga ndipo popanda kulowererapo mwachidule mtengowo umatha kufa.

Zilonda zokhala ndi zokhotakhota zimatulutsa ma tubercles oyamba, kenako amapindika

Pofuna kumenya nkhondo, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndizomera ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo mbewuyo payokha iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides - Horus, Strobi, Abiga-Peak, Skor, etc.

Peach kuzizira pambuyo yozizira - momwe mungathandizire

Peach imavutika ndi chisanu kuposa mbewu zina. Ngati nthawi yozizira matalala anali oopsa ndipo nthawi ya kasupe inkapezeka kuti pichesiyo inali yowuma, ndiye kuti choyamba ndikofunikira kudziwa kuwonongeka kwake. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha poyambira nyengo yokulira. Mulimonsemo, njira yokhayo yothandizira mtengo ndikuyendetsa mitengo yabwino. Zitapezeka kuti masamba okhaokha ndi omwe adawonongeka, ndipo nkhuni sizidawonongeka, ndiye kuti nthambizo zimadulidwa zomwe zilibe maluwa. Kudulira kumachitika mpaka zaka ziwiri zamatabwa. Mukamaliza kuthira pamimba, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zonse popanda zipatso.

Ngati masamba onse akhudzidwa, ndiye kuti ndi nthawi yolimba kudulira ndikuduladula mphukira zonse ndikuzipititsa ku nthambi zotsogola (pa 4-5 nkhuni zakale). Komanso mupangitse kufinya kwamphamvu kwa kumtunda ndi mkati mwa korona. Kudulira komweku kumachitika ndi mphukira zamphamvu za frostbite.

Ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa nthambi za chigoba ndi maziko, kudulira kuyenera kuchitika mu June mutatha kudzutsidwa kwa kugona ndi kukula kwa mphukira kuchokera kwa iwo. Ngati masamba pa nthambi zonse adzuka ofooka, ndiye kuti kudulira kumasamutsidwa kufikira nthawi yamasika. Mitengo yaing'onoting'ono yozizira ikamayandikira chisanu chofunda, kudulira kumachitika ndikulandidwa kwa 10-20 mm wamatabwa athanzi a tsinde. Kenako, kuchokera ku mphukira zomwe zimapangidwa pamwamba pa katemera, gawo latsopano mlengalenga limapangidwa, ndipo ndibwino kuchita izi mwachitsamba.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti kupsinjika kotere kumafooketsa chomeracho ndikuchepetsa chitetezo chake, ndipo chiopsezo chotenga matenda oyamba ndi fungus, makamaka lopindika, chikuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, kupewa mankhwala ndi fungicides ndikofunikira.

Tizilombo ta pichesi - oyimira akuluakulu, kufotokozera, njira zowongolera

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, pichesi ili pachiwopsezo chogwidwa ndi tizirombo tina tosiyanasiyana. Wosamalira mundawo ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi ndani, momwe akuwonekera komanso momwe angathanirane nawo.

Ma aphid wakuda

Ma nsabwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mapiko osakhala akuluakulu kuposa 2-3 mm kukula kwake (pali mitundu ina yosowa mpaka 5-8 mm kukula). Mitundu yoposa 3,500 ya nsabwe za m'masamba imadziwika, imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri - yakuda, yofiira, yoyera, yobiriwira, yobiriwira, yachikasu, pichesi, ndi zina zambiri. Mosasamala za mtundu ndi mitundu, nsabwe za m'masamba zonse zimadya timadziti tam'madzi ndipo zimasungunula madzi okoma, otchedwa (mame otchedwa uchi) m'moyo. Njira zowongolera ndizofanana kwa mitundu yonse. Pichesi, nsabwe zakuda zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri, koma mitundu yake ina imatheka.

Aphid, monga lamulo, amanyamulidwa pa chisoti cha mtengo kumsana wawo ndikubzala pamasamba ndi mphukira. Amachita izi kuti pambuyo pake azidyetsa mame a uchi omwe amasungidwa ndi tizilombo. Aphid amatha kuwoneka ndi masamba opindika, mkati mwake momwe zipolopolo zake zimakhala kumbuyo. Ndiponso itha kupezeka pa malangizo a achinyamata mphukira.

Nyerere zimakonda kudya aphid

Aphid ikhoza kuyambitsa vuto lina lililonse ngati silikulilidwa ndikuloledwa kubereka mwakachetechete. Koma nthawi zambiri sizibwera kutero. Pali mitundu ingapo yama mankhwala ndi wowerengeka yothandizira kuti ziwononge tizilombo zoyipa, komanso kupewa kuti zisawonongedwe. Talemba mitu yayikulu:

• Kapangidwe kolepheretsa kulowa kolowera mu korona wa nyerere, ndikubweretsa nsabwe za m'masamba, mwa kukhazikitsa malamba osakira pamsaka ndi kukhazikitsa kuyera kwa laimu.
  

  Chingwe chosaka chimakhala chosavuta kupanga kuchokera pazinthu zopangidwa bwino

• Tizilombo touluka tosuluka masamba ndi mitsinje yamadzi kuchokera payipi.
• Kusintha korona ndi infusions wa fodya, marigolds, adyo, anyezi masamba, etc.
• Mankhwala othandizirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo (mankhwala othandizira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Kumayambiriro koyambirira kumatha kukhala DNOC (osapitirira kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse), 5% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa, Nitrafen. Mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, Decis, Karbofos, Iskra, etc. amagwiritsa ntchito mwezi watha, kukonzekera monga Iskra-Bio, Fitoverm, ndi ma bioinsecticides ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tizilombo ta Weevil

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (mpaka 5 mm) timakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, yomwe adatipatsa dzina. Masamba mu ming'alu ya khungwa, masamba adagwa ndi miyala yoposa. Pakatapira, nthaka ikatentha mpaka +10 ° C, kachilomboka kamatuluka pakorona. Masamba otupa ndi chakudya choyambirira cha zofukiza. Kenako amasinthana masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono, komanso maluwa ndi mazira a pichesi. Tizilomboti timatulutsa maluwa ndipo timayikira mazira, pomwe timadzimadzuwa timatuluka maluwa. Maluwa owonongeka, sikuti amapanga thumba losunga mazira ndi kuwuma. Zambiri zazikuluzikulu za ma weevils zimatha kuwononga kwambiri mbewu yamapichesi, chifukwa chake zikuyenera kukhala zovuta.

Weevil ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumatha kuyambitsa

Panthawi yomwe kafadala adakwera korona, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awo kuti alowe m'malo otentha kwambiri + kutentha kwa 5-8 ° C. Kutentha koteroko sikwachilendo m'mawa kwambiri masika. Pakadali pano, mumangofunika kugwedeza nsikidzi mufilimu kapena nsalu yomwe idatambasulidwa pansi pa mtengo ndikuyisonkhanitsa ndikuiwononga.

Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kukumba kwakuya pansi ndikugwira bwino ntchito, chifukwa chake tizirombo tomwe nthawi yozizira imadzutsa pansi ndikufa chifukwa cha chisanu. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, mankhwala ophera tizilombo sangathe kugawidwa nawo, monga tafotokozera mgawo lapitalo.

Mapa Codling Akumawa

Tizilombo timeneti timayamba mtundu wawo kuchokera ku East Asia, komwe adadzipatsa dzina. Zambiri zitsamba zoyipa zimakhudzidwa, koma zokonda kwambiri zimaperekedwa pichesi, pomwe zimadziwika ndi dzina lachiwiri - njenjete. Ku Russia, njenjete zakum'mawa ndizofala pakati, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera, komanso ku Crimea. Gulugufe ali ndi mapiko ofika mpaka 10-15 mm, mitundu ya kutsogolo ndi yotuwa, ndipo kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Moyo - Madzulo. Ndege, matingidwe, dzira litagona usiku ndi m'mawa. Masamba mu coco chowoneka chowoneka bwino. Ma coco amapezeka mumasamba otsika, zipatso, ming'alu mumakungwa ndi dothi.

Pakapanda kutentha kutentha +15 ° C, agulugufe amatuluka mumtunda wa cocoon ndipo patatha masiku atatu amayamba kuyikira mazira pamphukira, kunsi kwa masamba ndi manda. Nyengo, tizilombo timapereka kuchokera kwa ana 4 mpaka 6. Pambuyo pa masiku 6 mpaka 12, mphutsi zokhala ndi kirimu wokhala ndi mutu wakuda zimatuluka mu mazira. Makabati am'badwo woyamba amawononga mphukira zazing'ono, amazikungudza kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mbadwo wotsatira wa tizilombo umakhudza mazira ndi zipatso. Mphukira zowonongeka ziuma, zipatso zimakhala zosayenera kudya. Kupezeka kwa mphutsi mkati mwa chipatso kungatsimikizidwe ndi m'malovu a chiseyeye ndi kuchotsa kwa tizilombo. Ngati zinthu sizinatengedwe munthawi yake, mutha kukhalabe wopanda mbewu.

Madontho a chingamu ndi chimbudzi pazipatsozo akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa njenjete yakum'mawa

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo, gwiritsani ntchito njira zonse:

• Setso kumapeto yophukira kukumba kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
• Kutchetcha mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zokhala ndi utoto wapadera wa dimba kapena yankho la hydrate laimu.
  

  Kung'ambika mitengo yaminga ndi nthambi kudzampulumutsa pamavuto ambiri, kuphatikiza ndi njenjete yakummawa

• Kutolera ndi kuwotcha masamba ndi zipatso zakugwa.
• Kukonza makungwa owuma.
• Kukhazikitsa kwa malamba osaka (nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku njira zotukuka).
• Mankhwala othandizira tizilombo.
  • Pamaso pa impso, gwiritsani ntchito DNOC, Nitrafen, yankho la 3% ya sulfate yamkuwa.
  • Maluwa asanadutse ndi masiku 10-15 pambuyo pake, mbewuyi imathandizidwa ndi Karbofos, Rovikurt, Chlorophos, Benzophosphate.
  • Pa nthawi yakucha zipatso - Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio.

Mafunso

Ma arthropod arachnids ndi akulu kwambiri (0.25-2 mm) ndipo, popeza si tizilombo, sizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muthane nawo, pali gulu la mankhwala apadera omwe amatchedwa acaricides. Mwa nkhupakupa zosiyanasiyana za peach, impso ndi akangaude nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa. Impso ndi imodzi mwamtundu waung'ono kwambiri (0.25-0.35 mm) ndipo siyingatheke ndi diso lamaliseche. Tizilombo timeneti timakhudzana ndi maluwa a pichesi, chifukwa chomwe amawonjezera kukula ndikupeza mawonekedwe ogoba mbiya. Pa maziko awa ndikuzindikiritsa tizilombo.

Mutha kusiyanitsa impso zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mbewa powonjezera kukula kwawo ndikuwoneka ngati mbiya

Kangaude woyamba amakhudza masamba a mbewu, pomwe maonekedwe achikasu, kenako amatembenuka chikaso. Pambuyo pake, ngati satenga kanthu, zisa za nthata za akangaude zimaboweka panthambi.

Nthawi zambiri, sulufule ya colloidal imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala awiri oyamba (kutupa kwa impso ndi masabata awiri atatulutsa maluwa) amachitika ndi yankho la 0.8% la mankhwalawo, ndipo awiri otsatira - ndi yankho la 0.6% pakadutsa masabata awiri. Mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo amalepheretsa peachy powdery mildew. Zipatso zikayamba kucha, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma acaricides monga Fitoverm ndi Akarin, ndikudikirira kwa masiku awiri.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, nditapeza kanyumba kamadzilimwe, limodzi ndi ichi ndidalandira "maluwa" a matenda ndi tizirombo ta mitengo yazipatso. M'chaka choyamba, mitengo ya pichesi idawonetsa masamba otumphuka omwe adandisiya wopanda mbewu. Ndidayenera kupita mwachangu bizinesi. Mukuduwa ine ndinali ndi kudulira kwamphamvu kukalamba, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndidasamalira munda wonse ndi DNOC. Asanakhale maluwa, adagwira mankhwalawo ndi msakanizo wosakira wa Decis ndi Horus, womwe adaubwerezanso kawiri atayamba maluwa. Kusakaniza kotereku kwakhala kukuyesedwa ndi ine kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, kupewa kuukira kwa tizirombo tina komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Tsopano ndimachita chithandizo chotere chaka chilichonse, m'malo mwa DNOC ndimagwiritsa ntchito 3% yankho lamkuwa. M'nthawi yachilimwe ndimayesetsa kupopera mbewu zonse ndi Fitosporin, yomwe ndi fungal yachilengedwe ndipo ndiyopanda vuto kwa anthu. Ndipo ilinso ndi feteleza wama humic, omwe amapereka nthawi yomweyo foliar kudya. Kuyambira pamenepo, m'munda mwanga mulibe matenda ndi tizirombo.

Peach ndi mbewu yotchuka kwambiri m'minda yaku Russia. Koma kukulira sikophweka, chifukwa kumatha kutenga matenda ambiri oyamba ndi tizirombo, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo. Wosamalira mundawo amayenera kuyesetsa kuthana ndi mavutowa, koma mwakuyenera, amabweretsa chipambano.