Cherry Tyutchevka - woimira mitundu wopangidwira gulu lozungulira. Amalekerera chisanu mosavuta ndipo mwina samadwala. Koma nthawi imodzimodzi, mitunduyi imadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri zokoma, zabwino monga anzawo akumwera.
Kufotokozera kwamatcheri Tyutchevka
Tyutchevka adapezeka ndikuwoloka mitundu ya zipatso zokoma za 3-36 ndi Red Dense ku All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine (Bryansk). Pamalo ano pali dipatimenti yolima zipatso yomwe ikuchita ndi kusankha mabulosi a mitengo ndi mitengo yazipatso. Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi mitundu yamatchu osiyanasiyana idawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa a M.V. Kanshina. Mu 2001, a Tyutchevka adalembetsa ku State Record of the Russian Federation ndipo adalimbikitsa kuti alime m'chigawo Chapakati.
Zomera
Zipatso zamitundu yamitundu ya Tyutchevka zimamera ngati mtengo wamtali wamtali wokhala ndi korona wooneka ngati wozungulira. Mphukira ndi zokutira, zolimba, zofiirira. Masamba paiwo ndi ozungulira, akuluakulu, opanda pubescence, omwe ali ndi petioles lalifupi. Zipatso zoyambirira zimawonekera pachaka cha 5 mutabzala mtengo, mbewu zodzaza bwino zimawonedwa pazaka khumi ndi pambuyo pake. Kuphukira kwakukulu kumakhala pa maluwa. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa anayi okhala ndi stamens yayitali ndi pistils. Izi chitumbuwa limamasula osati kale m'ma Meyi, ndipo zipatso zipsa mochedwa: kumapeto kwa Julayi kapena August.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zodzichiritsa zokha: popanda ma pollinators, mbewuyo ndi yochepa. Pollinators akhoza kukhala mitengo iliyonse yamatchire ikutulutsa nthawi imodzi. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri pamenepa ndi Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Iput, Bryanskaya pinki. Mukulima mafakitale, zokolola zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi 100 kg / ha, zochuluka zomwe zalembedwa ndi 275 kg / ha. M'mabanja awiri, pafupifupi mabatani awiri amatengedwa kuchokera pamtengo, okwera kwambiri ndi 40 kg.
Mtengo wobala zipatso, malinga ndi wamaluwa, uyenera kukhala zaka 20, zomwe, pazifukwa zomveka, sizidatsimikizidwe.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizazizira-zolimba, zimalekerera mosavuta kuzizira mpaka -25 zaC, nyengo yotentha kwambiri mumsewu wapakati (at -35 zaC) achisanu mpaka 20% ya impso. Bweretsani chisanu nthawi ya maluwa ndikutenthetsa kutentha mpaka -5 zaPafupifupi 70% ya maluwa amaphedwa ndi. Kulekerera kwa zowawa kumawunikira kwambiri, koma kwa matenda monga coccomycosis ndi kleasterosporiosis - pafupifupi.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Cherries Tyutchevka amadziwika ndi zipatso zokongola kwambiri kuposa kukula kwapakati (pafupi 23mm mulifupi, kulemera kwa 5-7 g), wozungulira wozungulira mawonekedwe, mtundu wawo ndi wofiirira wakuda wokhala ndi madontho. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, wowonda, wofiira, msuzi wa chitumbuwa wopaka utoto wofiirira. Zipatsozi zimakhala pamakulidwe apakati. Fupa limakhala lalitali komanso lamkati, silimasiyana kwenikweni ndi zamkati mwa mwana wosabadwayo. Zipatso zochokera kwa peduncle zimatha mosavuta, osataya madzi.
Zipatso za Tyutchevka ndi zazikulu, zokongola, zakucha mwachisawawa
Zipatso ndi zotsekemera (zomwe zili ndi shuga pafupifupi 11%, acidity ya 0,4%), zonunkhira, zokoma masitimu 4,9 mwa mfundo 5 Zimayendetsedwa mosavuta pamtunda wautali, wamtengo wapatali ndi alimi omwe akugulitsa ma cherries okoma. Kuti zitheke, zipatso zimayenera kuchotsedwa ndi mapesi. Munthawi zamvula makamaka, nthawi zambiri zimasweka.
Cholinga cha mbewu ndichilengedwe. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, zochulukazo ndizouzidwa, zimaloledwa kukonza: kupanikizana, ma compotes ndi ena amatuta.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Tyutchevka ndi mtundu wachichepere, komabe, kwa zaka 17 wakhala watha kuwonetsa mikhalidwe yake yonse ndikupeza zolakwa. Monga zabwino zazikulu za mitundu, wamaluwa zindikirani:
- zokolola zambiri;
- chiwonetsero chabwino komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri;
- kusuntha bwino kwa mbewu;
- kunyalanyaza kukula;
- mkulu chisanu kukana ndi matenda kukana.
Zina mwazovuta zomwe abalewo akuchita ndikukhwinyata kwa zipatso zambiri chinyezi komanso kufunika kwa opukutira mungu.
Kubzala yamatcheri mitundu Tyutchevka
Tekinoloje yaulimi yamatcheri amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Tyutchevka siyosiyana ndi mitundu ina yomwe imapangidwa kuti ikalimidwe mozizira kwambiri kwa mzere wapakati. Izi zikugwira ntchito pokubzala mtengo ndikuusamalira.
Nthawi yayitali
Mitundu ya Tyutchevka idapangidwira dera la Central, pomwe amayesa kubzala zipatso zilizonse zamtchire mchaka: kubzala kwa yophukira kumadzaza ndi kuzizira kwa mbande zomwe sizinazike mizu mokwanira. Komabe, mbande zokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka zibzalidwe mu nthawi ya kugwa, koma kumapeto kwa masika kapena chiyambi cha chilimwe ndizabwino kwambiri kwa iwo.
Kubzala masika kwa Tyutchevka pankhani ya mbande yokhala ndi mizu yopanda kanthu kungachitike mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Nthaka pofika nthawi imeneyi ziyenera kuti zayamba kale kuzimiririka, ndipo masamba ake pamtunda suyenera kutulutsa, amatha kutupa. Kuwopseza chisanu kwambiri pofika nthawi yakamatera kudutsa. Nthawi zambiri, izi mu kanjira apakati zimayamba kumayambiriro kapena m'ma April.
Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba
Ngakhale mitundu ya Tyutchevka ndiyopanda chisanu, chilimwe, kuti tipeze zipatso zodzaza ndi zipatso zotsekemera, mtengowo uyenera kuyatsidwa bwino ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi mphepo zowomba, makamaka kumpoto. Ngati kuli malo otsetsereka ofatsa kumwera. Monga chitetezo ku mphepo, mipanda yayitali, makhoma a nyumba ndi mitengo ina yazipatso "amagwira ntchito" bwino.
Amatcheri omwe ali mkanjira yapakatikati amakonda kubzalidwe pafupi ndi mpanda, kuwateteza ku mphepo.
Nthaka yabwino ndi yopumidwa pamchenga kapena loam yosagwira nawo mbali komanso yokhala ndi michere yambiri, osasamba kapena madzi osefukira. Nthawi zina chifukwa chodzala yamatchuchi mulitali wamtali umamangidwa, kuthira dothi labwino. Ngati pali nthawi, ndipo makamaka ngati malowo adakuliratu namsongole wosatha, amakumbidwa kale ndi humus (theka chidebe pa mita 12), kusankha mosamala maudzu ma rhizomes.
Kukonza dzenje
Ndikovuta kwambiri kukumba mabowo mchaka, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchita izi kuchokera kugwa, nthawi iliyonse. Miyeso ya dzenje la chitumbuwa ndi 80-90 masentimita m'litali ndi m'lifupi, 50-60 cm mwakuya. Zokwanira ndi masentimita 50, koma ngati dothi ndi lolemera, kukumba mozama, ndikuyika masentimita 10 a miyala kapena njerwa yosweka pansi ngati ngalande. Kukonzekera kwa dzenje la Tyutchevka si zachilendo: wosanjikiza m'munsi amatayidwa, ndipo wosanjikiza wapamwamba umaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza ndipo amabwerera kudzenje.
Feteleza pakubzala ndi ndowa ziwiri za humus ndi pawiri la phulusa. Pa dothi losauka, muthanso kuwonjezera 100 g ya superphosphate, feteleza wina wa michere adzafunika pambuyo pake feteleza. Panthaka ya dothi lokhala ndi asidi wambiri, choko pang'ono kapena laimu loterera liyenera kuwonjezeredwa: ku mtsuko wa lita. Mukabzala mitengo ingapo pakati pawo siyani mtunda wosachepera 4 metres.
M'minda yayikulu, yamatcheri obzalidwa m'mizere, pomwe 3-4 mamita otsala pakati pa mitengo
Njira zopangira
Ndikwabwino kutenga mtengo wazaka ziwiri ngati mmera: mwana wazaka zitatu amatenga mizu pang'ono, ndipo kuyambira kamwana kachaka chimodzi zimatenga nthawi yayitali kututa. Ndikofunikira kuti khungwa ndi nthambi zonse zizikhala zathanzi, ndipo mizu yake imapangidwa ndikusintha. Njira yodzala zipatso yamtengo wapatali Tyutchevka ndiyofanana ndi mitengo yambiri yazipatso.
- Ngati zitha kuwonongeka pamizu ya mmera, amadzidulira pamalo abwino, kenako mizu m'madzi imanyowa kwa maola osachepera, ndipo makamaka kwa tsiku limodzi. Atangotsika dzenje mu dzenjelo, mizu imayikidwa mu phala, yopangidwa ndi dothi lofanana ndi mullein ndi madzi okwanira kusinthasintha kwa kirimu wowawasa.
Kuvala kwa Clay pamizu imathandizira kuchiritsa kwa mbande
- Atatulutsa mabowo ndi dothi lofunikira, amapanga mululu, momwemo mwala umodzi wolimba (osachepera 80 masentimita pamwamba panthaka) umayendetsedwa.
Mtengowo umasankhidwa kotero kuti umafikira m'nthambi yoyamba ya mmera
- Atayika chotsekera pamtunda, amasankha kutalika kwake kuti khosi lake lotalika masentimita angapo pamwamba pa nthaka (m'tsogolomu liyenera kutuluka pansi). Kufalitsa mizu, pang'onopang'ono ndikuwadzaza ndi dothi, kumapangira nthawi ndi nthawi.
Zimatengera malo omwe khosi lake limakhala, ngakhale mtengo ungazike mizu ndipo udzabala zipatso nthawi zambiri
- Mangani chimtengo pamtengo ndi "zisanu ndi zitatu" pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chofewa kapena chingwe cha polyethylene. Thirani pang'ono ndowa ziwiri za madzi pansi pa mmera.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezani dothi, pezani ziguduli m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo kuti muzitha kuthirira, kuthirira mbande pang'ono ndikuchepetsa nthaka ndi peat, humus kapena utuchi ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-3 cm.
Madzi amathiridwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera mumtsuko, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira kuti chinyontho chikhale chambiri
- Dulani mbande kuti gawo lakumwambalo likwaniritse kuthekera kwa mizu kudyetsa: kutalika kwa wazaka ziwiri mutabzala sikuyenera kupitirira 1 m, kutalika kwa nthambi zammbali ndi 50 cm.
M'masabata angapo oyambilira mutabzala, mphukira imathiriridwa mwadongosolo: nyengo yotentha, ndipo mwina tsiku lililonse. Dothi loyandikana nalo tsinde liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Kubzala mulch kwambiri kumachepetsa pafupipafupi kuthirira.
Kusamalira mitengo
Mbewu ikamera, imafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Kukula kwa kuthirira kumatengera nyengo, koma simungathe kupukuta nthaka pakukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, komanso nthawi yomwe mumatula zipatso. Zisanu nthawi yozizira imafunikanso. Kutha kupangira zidebe 10 zamadzi ku mtengo wachikulire, koma ndizothekanso kuchuluka mopitilira muyeso, makamaka pakucha kwa mbewu. Cherry Tyutchevka ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, poyankha mosakakamira zipatsozo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dontho lithe. Chifukwa chake, ngati mvula yayikulu imayamba masabata 2-3 asanakolole, thunthu la thunthu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba amayamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Kamodzi pa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, yamatcheri imadyetsedwa manyowa kapena ndowe. Ndikwabwino kupaka zinyalala mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana (1:10); manyowa owuma owonongeka akhoza kuyikidwa m'manda mopanda mbali ya korona. Zidebe zokwanira manyowa, motero theka la ndowa, zibweretseni posachedwa maluwa.
Chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amapatsa mavitidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni ndi feteleza wa mchere. Urea imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino (25-30 g pa 1m2 ozungulira thunthu). Ngati urea wamwazika panthaka yopera, imakoka muzu kuti ikasungunuke. Ngati ntchito pambuyo pake, khasu liyenera kutsekedwa ndi feteleza wosaya. Mu Ogasiti, chitumbuwa chokoma chimadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi ndi potaziyamu sulfate (muyezo womwewo) ndi superphosphate (kawiri). Nthawi ndi nthawi, bwalo lozungulira-lungu limakonkhedwa ndi phulusa lochepera la nkhuni. Namsongole wozungulira mtengowu amawonongeka mwadongosolo moyo wawo wonse.
Urea (urea) - imodzi mwaz feteleza zotetezeka
Ngati mtengowo udadulidwa moyenera mukabzala, sizingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti mufikemo ndi pruner. Amatcheri omwe amakula munthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri samayesa kudulira moperewera. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira, nthambi zosweka ndi zouma zokha zimadulidwa, kuphimba mabala mosamala ndi var. Tyutchevka sakhala ndi makulidwe, chifukwa chake, kudulira kopepuka sikumachitika kawirikawiri. Koma zophuka zazing'ono pamitengo yachikulire mutakolola zimafupikitsidwa pang'ono pachaka.
Pogona nyengo yachisanu imangofunika mitengo yaying'ono yoyamba zaka 2-3. Pambuyo kuthirira kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, bwalo lozungulira limakutidwa ndi dothi kapena tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, ndipo nthambi zodulira zipatso zimayikidwa pamwamba. Poyendetsedwa ndi zikhomo zochulukirapo, mtengowo, limodzi ndi chisoti chachifumu, wokutira nyengo yachisanu ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu kapena zonga padenga. Posachedwa chipale chofewa, amaponyera m'bwalo loyandikira, ndikupanga chipale chofewa.
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tachisanu timasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa coceko, koma malo okhala omwe amatha kupuma ayenera kuchotsedwa pakapita nthawi yozizira
Ndi kubwera kwa masika, musachedwe kuchotsa pogona kuti mtengo usalire!
Mitengo ya Akuluakulu ya Tyutchevka imalekerera nyengo wamba, ndipo ngati nsonga za nthambi ziwuma pang'ono, zimachira msanga. Panthawi yozizira koopsa, komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, zidutswa zakufa mu kasupe ziyenera kudulidwa.
Kanema: Kulima kwamatcheri mumsewu wapakati
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tyutchevka amadwala kwambiri, ndipo pogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo woyenera, samakwanitsa kukonzekera. Njira zodzitetezera zili zokwanira: kukola ndi kuwotcha masamba mutatsika masamba, kuyeretsa khungubwe lotsukira ndikukula malo. Wamaluwa ambiri samanyalanyaza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mitengo ndi mkuwa wokhala ndi zokonzekera kumayambiriro kwamasika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi 1 Bordeaux.
Mwa matenda a chitumbuwa chotsekemera, omwe amayenera kuwonedwa mwachidwi, pankhani ya Tyutchevka kokha coccomycosis ndi kleasterosporiosis amatchedwa. Coccomycosis ndimatenda owopsa a fungus. Chakumapeto kwa kasupe, masamba obiriwira amakhala mpaka 2mm kukula pamasamba a mtengo wokhala ndi kachilomboka, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi osalandira chithandizo amaphatikizana ndi malo akulu opitilira. Mapiritsi onyansa - madera omwe mumapanga fungal - amawonekera pansi pa tsamba. Masamba amagwera isanachitike.
Coccomycosis silinganyalanyazidwe: mawanga pamasamba pamapeto pake amawawononga, ndipo mtengowo umafooka
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amafalikira kumadera ena a chomera, chifukwa chomwe mtengowo umafooka ndikufa. Coccomycosis imachiritsidwa koyamba (kasupe) ndi Bordeaux yomweyo, koma ndi 3%, ndipo ngati sichithandiza, mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake: Horus, Skor, etc. nyengo yonseyo.
Kleasterosporiosis (hole blotch) imakhalanso ndi fungal chikhalidwe, imayamba chimodzimodzi cococycosis, koma pambuyo pake mabowo amapanga m'malo mwa mawanga. Njira zopewera ndi kuchizira ndizofanana ndi cococycosis.
Ndi kleasterosporiosis, masamba amawombera, ndipo zonse zimatha bwino
Palibe tizirombo tina mu Tichuchevka yamatcheri, kupatula kutuluka kwa chiwonetsero cha ubiquitous. Zipatso za "Worm" zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yake, ndipo "mphutsi" ndiziphuphu za ntchentche. Ntchito zachilengedwe wamba zimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kuchitika. Ndipo amayesa kulimbana ndi ntchentche popanda mankhwala, kuigwira ndi nyambo: kvass kapena compote mumitsuko yopachikika. Ngati ntchentcheyo imachulukira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo: chifukwa mochedwa mitundu yamatcheri, yomwe imaphatikizapo Tyutchevka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatheka ngakhale atangomva maluwa.
Ntchentche ndi yokongola, koma ntchito zake ndizosasangalatsa kwa nyakulayo
Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe akugwira ntchito ndiwakuchuluka, koma wamaluwa akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zamakono kwambiri, ndipo zambiri mwa izo ndizowopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, kutsatira kwambiri malangizo mukamagwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, ndi Actellik kapena Confidor ndizovomerezeka.
Nditha kuyendera Tyutchevka ndi nsabwe za m'maso. Ma aphid osiyanasiyana amadziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa. Ili ndi lakuda, mpaka 3mm kukula kwake, limayamwa misuzi kuchokera kumiphukira ndi masamba ang'ono. Zoopsa makamaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Monga nsabwe zina, amayesa kulimbana nazo ndi njira za wowerengeka (kulowetsedwa kwa elderberry, chowawa, adyo, ndi zina), koma akakhala ndi vuto lalikulu amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo monga kutsutsana ndi ntchentche.
Monga aphid iliyonse, chitumbuwa chimakhala m'mitundu yonse
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Chaka chino, Tyutchevka adayamba kugunda bwino, ndipo adaphuka ndikutseka. Kuzizira kunali kamodzi, koma kenako ndidagwira mitengo yonse, ndinadula nthambi zikuluzikulu. Anachira msanga.
Olomwe
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M'zaka zaposachedwa, a M.V. Kanshina ndi A.A. Astakhov, obereketsa a All-Russian Lupine Research Institute pafupi ndi Bryansk, adagwira ntchito yambiri yamatcheri. Kutengera mitundu 40 yolimba kwambiri yomwe adasankha, adapanga mitundu yatsopano."Mayeso" ovuta kwambiri kwa iwo anali nyengo yozizira kwambiri yomwe idatsata pambuyo pa 1995-1996 ndi 1996-1997. Tidayimirira mayeso a Bryanskaya pinki, Iput, Tyutchevka.
Ku!
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Chermashnaya, Tyutchevka, Iput, Revna, Lyubimitsa Astakhova ... m'nthawi yozizira, pafupifupi onse ali mulingo womwewo.
Wam'munda62
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Cherry Tyutchevka amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pakati pa gulu lapakati. Zimaphatikiza zabwino kwambiri ndi zipatso komanso kuzindikira kuti munthu akukulira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndi kuzizira kwambiri. Tyutchevka ndiyodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.
