Melba ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa maapulo

Kwa ambiri, apulosi a Melba ndi kukoma kwa ubwana. Ndizovuta kuiwala ndipo sizingasokonezedwe ndi chilichonse. Aapulo onunkhira bwino, odzaza, okoma ndipo tsopano amasangalatsa ana athu ndi zidzukulu zathu. Kuperewera kwa mitundu mwanjira ya kusowa kwa chitetezo chazisamba sikungathe kuyisiyanitsa ndi khola lakufunikira, ngakhale kuli mitundu yambiri yamakono.

Kufotokozera kwa kalasi

Mitunduyi idapezeka mu 1898 ku Central Experimental Station yaku Canada ku Ottawa ndipo adamupatsa dzina Melba polemekeza woimba wina wotchuka ku Australia Nelly Melba. Sikovuta kunena atabwera ku Russia. Zosiyanasiyana zidatumizidwa kukayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mu 1940. Adalowa mu registry boma mu 1947 pansi pa dzina la Melba. Ndinalinso ndi dzina loti Azure, koma dzina loti Melba lazika mizu koposa zonse - tidzalitcha kuti. Zosiyanasiyana ndizochedwa chilimwe kapena koyambilira kwa chilimwe. Zopezeka m'malo onse kupatula Kumpoto, Ural ndi Far Eastern.

Kuuma kwa Melba nthawi yozizira kumakhala kwakukulu. Matanda okhwima amatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -35 ° C. Limamasula koyambirira, chisanu chamaluwa sichitha. Monga mitundu yambiri yakale, imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo. Komanso titha kutenga (pang'ono pang'onong'ono) ku ufa wouma. Popeza zosiyanasiyana ndizodzala, kupukuta, mudzafunika oyandikana ndi mitengo ya maapulo:

Stark Erliest;
Vista Bell;
Papier
Welsey;
James Greve
Antonovka;
Khalid.

Chitsa chodziwika bwino cha MM-106 (cha pakati pang'ono) chikuyamba kubala zipatso chaka chachinayi mpaka chisanu, ndipo pofika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi, zokolola ndi ma kilogalamu 40-80 pamtengo uliwonse. Kupanga nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mtengo wa kutalika kwapakatikati, monga lamulo, uli ndi kutalika kwa mamita 3-4. Chimakula msanga uchichepere, pambuyo pa zaka 8-10, kukula kumachepera. Crohn kwathunthu chowulungika, chakwezedwa, kunenepa. Nthambi za mafupa zimakhala zazikulu, zimakulira pakatikati pa 60-80 °. Mtundu wa zipatso - zosakanizidwa, zipatso zambiri zimamangidwa pamagolovu. Nthawi yogwira zipatso za Melba pazomera zazing'ono ndi zaka 10-15, pazodzala chochepa kwambiri - zaka 20. Anthu azaka zana atakwanitsa zaka 40-55.

Mtengo wa Melba uli ndi kutalika kwa mamita 3-4

Zipatso ndizosiyanasiyana kukula. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi magalamu 120-140, koma ukufika 300 g. Fomuyi imakhala yokhazikika, yozungulira yozungulira, yochepetsedwa pang'ono. Khungu limakhala lonenepa, koma lonyezimira, pang'ono mafuta, lopaka mtundu wachikasu. Utoto wowoneka bwino ndi wofiirira, wopindika, wokuta theka la chipatso. Mitundu yaying'ono kapena yapakatikati yazithunzi zoyera imawoneka bwino. Wamkati kwambiri komanso wosakhwima bwino wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsedwa bwino komanso ochepa mphamvu. Kununkhira ndikwabwino, wowawasa-wokoma, wokhala ndi zonunkhira za caramel ndi fungo. Zotsatira zolawa - 4.5,5.7 point.

Ma apulo a Melba ali ndi thupi loyera

Malinga ndi boma la State, mitunduyi ndi mchere, koma mwambiri ndikuwunika kwake konseko akuti. Maapulo a Melba amapanga kupanikizana kosangalatsa, ma compotes, zipatso zouma, juwisi ngakhalenso cider. Kucha sikwachilendo. Kututa sikuyenera kuchedweratu, chifukwa maapulo omwe amapsa mwachangu amatha. Kumagawo akum'mwera, maapulo amatuta m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti, zigawo zakumpoto - mwezi wotsatira. Kusunthika ndi pafupifupi. Alumali moyo mchipindamo - masabata awiri kapena atatu, mufiriji - miyezi 2-4.

Polemba lembalo, ndidapeza kuti umodzi wa mitengo ya maapulo womwe umamera mnyumba yanga (tidachipeza zaka ziwiri zapitazo) ndi Melba. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa State Register, chilichonse chimatembenuka. Mkazi wanga ndi ine timakondadi kukoma kwa apulo iyi. Iye ndiwocheperako kutalika - pafupifupi mamita atatu. Pali sitoko yocheperako. Korona sakhala wonenepa - ndimangochita zodetsa nkhawa. Mwamwayi, samadwala matenda. M'chaka choyamba, adatola ma kilogalamu makumi awiri a maapulo (mtengo umawoneka kuti ndi wachichepere), chaka chatha panali makumi awiri okha. Tikuyembekezera zokolola zabwino chaka chino. Vuto limodzi ndikuti khungulo kumunsi kwa tsinde liwonongeka. Mwinanso kunyowa ndi chipale chambiri komanso kusungunuka kwake pang'onopang'ono. Eni ake omwe ali ndi zaka zapamwamba ndipo, zikuwoneka kuti, zidali zovuta kuti adutse chisanu mu nthawi. Kulumikizana kwa Bridge sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito, popeza khungidwe pa thunthu la thunthu mulibe pansi panthaka. Timamuthandiza bola atha kukhala ndi moyo. Ndipo chakumapeto tidzagula chipatso cha Melba kuti tibzale mtengo wokongola uja wa apulo nyengo yamawa.

Kanema: Kubwereza kwa mtengo wa apulo wa Melba

Kubzala kwa mtengo wa apulo wa Melba masika

Kutentha koyambirira ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala mtengo wa apulo wa Melba. M'madera osiyanasiyana, amasankha nthawi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Marichi (madera akumwera) mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso mpaka pakati pa Meyi m'madera akumpoto. Pofika nthawi yobzala, matalala amayenera kusungunuka ndipo nthaka itenthe mpaka 5 5 ° C. Masamba pamitengo imeneyi anali asanaphuke, koma anali atayamba kale kutupira. Mbande zogulidwa mu kugwa zimasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena zoyikidwa pansi. Sayenera kudzuka pa nthawi yofikira - iwo obzalidwa kupumula.

Ndondomeko yakubzala mitengo yayikulu kwambiri ya maapulo pamipanda yocheperako pang'ono ndi 3 x 7. M'minda yanyumba ndi chilimwe yazanyumba, kutalikirana kwa mizere kungachepetsedwe mpaka mamita atatu. Mtengo pamtengo wambewu umafuna kuzungulira malo osanu momasuka.

Malo a mtengo wa maapozi ayenera kusankhidwa mu kugwa kenako dzenje lokhazikikayo lakonzedwa. Popeza mtengo wa apulo umakonda kuwiritsa tsinde, sungathe kuwubzala m'malo onyowa kapena m'malo okhala ndi madzi pansi. Ndibwino ngati malowa ali pamalo ocheperako kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Ndipo ngati kumpoto kapena kumpoto chakum'mawa mtengo wa apulo utetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi mitengo yayitali kapena khoma la nyumbayo - iyi ingakhale njira yabwino. Kutalika kwa nyumba ndi mitengo ina sikuyenera kukhala kosakwana mita isanu, chifukwa mtengo wa maapulo sufuna mthunzi. Melba siyikakamiza zofunika zapadera pakapangidwe ka dothi, koma zidzakhala bwino kukula pazopendekera komanso chernozems. Ndikofunika kuti dothi lotayirira ndikuthilira.

Miyeso ya dzenje logowamo nthawi zambiri imakhala yotere: m'mimba mwake - mita imodzi, kuya - 60-70 masentimita. Ngati dothi losauka kapena lolemera, ndibwino kuwonjezera kuya kwa dzenjelo kukhala mita imodzi, ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Pamadothi olemera, dothi lokwanira ma 10-15 sentimita limayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Izi zitha kukhala miyala, miyala yophwanyika, njerwa yosweka, ndi zina. Pamadothi, dothi la ma marl, dongo limayikidwa pansi pa dzenjelo kuti lisungunuke. Dzenje limadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo chopatsa thanzi cha chernozem, peat, humus ndi mchenga, wotengedwa mbali zofanana. Pa malita khumi aliwonse osakaniza, 30 magalamu a superphosphate ndi kapu imodzi ya phulusa lamatabwa amawonjezerapo.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pobzala mtengo wa apulo

Ndi nthawi yabwino, amayamba kubzala mbewu m'nthaka:

Amatenga mmera ndi kunyowetsa mizu yake m'madzi kwa maola angapo.
Musanadzalemo mbande za chimanga zimanyowa kwa maola angapo m'madzi
Dothi linalake limachotsedwa mu dzenjelo kuti dzenje lomwe limayambika likhale ndi mwayi wokwanira mizu ya mmera.
Mulu waung'ono umathiridwa mkati mwa dzenjelo.
Pa mtunda wa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera pakatikati, mtengo wamatanda umaphimbidwa pamtunda wa 1-1.2 m pamwamba pamtunda.
Mmera umachotsedwa m'madzi ndipo mizu yake imapukusidwa ndi ufa wa Kornevin kapena Heteroauxin.
Ikani mmera ndi khosi mizu pamuluwu, kuwongola mizu ndikuyiyamba kubweza. Pamodzi, izi zikhala zosavuta.
Amadzaza dzenjelo kwathunthu, nthawi zina ndikupanga dziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu lili pamlingo wa dothi.
Mangani thunthu la mbewu pachikhomo ndi nthiti yofewa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chosema kapena chodulira ndege, bwalo loyandikira limapangidwa pafupi ndi dzenjelo.
Thirirani dothi ndi madzi ambiri kuti pasapezeke mpweya m'mizu.
Kubzala mitengo kumachitika bwino limodzi
Mukatha kuthira madzi, kuthirira mtengowo ndi yankho la magalamu asanu a Kornevin m'malita asanu a madzi.
Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0.8-1.0 m, ndipo nthambi zimafupikitsidwa ndi 20-30%.
Pambuyo pa masiku awiri ndi atatu, nthaka imayimitsidwa ndikumata ndi udzu, udzu, kompositi, etc.

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Kupatula mavuto okhala ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda, kukula kwa Melba sikovuta. Monga mitengo ina ya maapulo, amathirira madzi kwambiri zaka zoyambirira za moyo, amakhala chinyezi (koma osasenda) m'nthaka nyengoyo. Pambuyo pakufika zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kumodzi pamwezi. Aimitseni masabata awiri musanadye chipatsocho. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kwamadzi chisanachitike nyengo yozizira kumachitika.

Kapangidwe ka zovalazo sikunali koyambirira. Lankhulani nawo zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Chapakatikati pa chaka chachitatu chilichonse, 5-7 kg / m ziyenera kubweretsedwa² humus, peat kapena kompositi. Pachaka nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amamuyikira - urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammophoska - pamlingo wa 30-40 g / m². Pa maluwa, ndikofunikira kupopera korona ndi yankho la boric acid (2 g pa 10 malita a madzi) - izi zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira. Phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndizofunikira pakukula kwa zipatso. Chifukwa chosagona, superphosphate imayambitsidwa m'dzinja kuti ikumbe - ndiye pofika nyengo yotsatira phosphorous izikhala itadzaza ndi mbewu. Potaziyamu, m'malo mwake, imazimiririka msanga ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pakukula kwa zipatso - mu June. Zovala ziwiri zapamwamba zimachitika, kale kusungunuka kwa potaziyamu monophosphate - kapena potaziyamu sulfate - m'madzi m'mene kuthirira. Kumwa - 10-20 g / m². Ndi michere yambiri, ndikofunikanso kuthandizira chomera ndi manyowa a nayitrogeni m'chilimwe. Kuti muchite izi, ma infusions a organic m'madzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito: mullein 2 mpaka 10, zitosi za mbalame 1 mpaka 10 kapena udzu watsopano 1 mpaka 2. Nthawi zambiri chitani kuvala kwa 2-4 ndi masabata awiri.

Ma feteleza organic amathandiza bwino Melba panthawi yakupsa.

Momwe mungadulire mtengo wa apulo wa Melba

Kupangidwa kwa mtengo wa maapulo kumadalira kukula kwake. Mtengo wamtali wautali pambewu yofikira nthawi zambiri umapangidwa molingana ndi pulani yamasamba ochepa. Mitengo yayitali-yapakatikati ndiyoyenera kapangidwe kooneka ngati kapu - imapanga malo abwino owunikira ndi kuwongolera korona, imapereka chisamaliro mosamalitsa ndikusonkhanitsa zipatso. Mitengo yomwe imamera pang'ono pa chidebe chazing'ono nthawi zambiri imabzidwa zipatso. Pamenepa, mapangidwe a korona monga mtundu wa kanjedza amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo ovuta a Siberia, Melba nthawi zambiri amakula bwino ngati mawonekedwe a shale - imapatsa kukhazikika kwa mtengo nthawi yozizira. Timalongosola mwachidule uliwonse mwanjira izi, titazindikira kuti ntchito yonse yosinthidwa imachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya impso.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono opangidwira korona

Uwu ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri komanso wakale kwambiri wofotokozedwa m'mabuku onse a zaulimi. Chitani izi:

Patatha chaka chodzala, nthambi yoyamba ya chigoba imapangidwa. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani nthambi ziwiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zikukula ndikukula kwakotalika masentimita 20-25. Chepetsa ndi 20-30%.
Nthambi zina zonse pa thunthu zimadulidwa "mphete."
Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa kutalika kwa 20-30 sentimita pamwamba pa nthambi yapamwamba yama chigoba.
Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, gawo lachiwiri la nthambi za chigoba limapangidwa mwanjira yomweyo.
Pa nthambi za gawo loyambirira limagona chimodzi nthawi imodzi - nthambi ziwiri zachiwiri, zotsalazo zimadulidwa "kukhala mphete".
Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, nthambi yachitatu ya chigoba imapangidwa, kenako wochititsa wapakati amadulidwapo pamwamba pa nthambi yapamwamba.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka korona kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtengo wamtali wa Melba pamtengo theka

Malangizo pang'onopang'ono opangidwa ndi korona

Awa ndi mawonekedwe amakono, koma afala kale. Imachitidwa mophweka:

Chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri mutabzala, nthambi zamtsogolo za chigoba zamtsogolo zimasankhidwa. Zitha kukhala zofanana - ngati mungapange mtundu wa mbale yosavuta - kapena kukula ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15-25 - pakupanga ndi mtundu wa mbale yabwino.
Nthambi izi zimadulidwa ndi 20-30%, ndipo zina zonse zimadulidwa kwathunthu.
Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa pamwamba pamunsi pa nthambi yapamwamba.
M'tsogolomu, mutha kupanga nthambi za chigoba imodzi kapena nthambi ziwiri zachiwiri.
Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kuonetsetsa kuti nthambi za mafupa zimamera ndi mphamvu yomweyo ndipo sizikhala patsogolo pa wina ndi mnzake. Kupanda kutero, nthambi iliyonse imatha kutenga gawo la wochititsa wapakati, yomwe imaphwanya mfundo yopanga mtundu uwu.
Maonekedwe akorona monga mawonekedwe ambale ndi abwino kwa mtengo wa ma apulo pa chidebe cha nusu-chubby

Chisoti chachifumu cha Melba chidapangidwa ngati mbale yosavuta. Zowona, pofika nthawi yogula kanyumba kamalimwe, mtengo wa maapulo udali utasinthidwa bwino, koma ndidakonza kale kale kasupe woyamba. Pofika kumapeto kwachiwiri, kufunika koonda kunatha kale. Mukugwa ine ndidadula nthambi zowuma, koma panali ochepa. Kutula kungafunike chaka chamawa - koma sizovuta.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono opangira mawonekedwe a kanjedza

Mukabzala mitengo yaapulo yaying'ono, nthawi yomweyo muyenera kukhazikitsa nsanamira za ma trellise komanso tambitsani mizere yama waya ndikotalika masentimita 50-60. Mitengo ya Apple imapangidwa mutabzala.

Pa thunthu, sankhani nthambi kapena masamba opezeka mu ndege ya trellis. Payenera kukhala kuyambira eyiti mpaka thwelofu.
Matamba amafupikitsa mpaka 20-30 sentimita.
Nthambi zina zonse zimadulidwa "kukhala mphete", ndipo masamba okula amachititsidwa khungu.
Mu zaka zotsatila, nthambi sizimagwira ndipo zimamangidwa ku trellis kotero kuti zotsikirazo zimakhala ndi ngodya ya 45-55 °, ndipo apamwamba amakhala ndi 60-80 °.
Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa chaka chilichonse kuti kutalika kwake kusapitirire masentimita 60-70 pamwamba pamunsi pa nthambi yapamwamba.
Nthambi zonse zosafunikira komanso zopikisana zimachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nthambi zowoneka bwino zimasiyidwa ndi gawo la masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Samadzimangirira komanso samakhota - ayenera kukula mwaulere.
Mitengo ya Apple pamitengo yamtima imawoneka bwino pamtengo wamtundu wa kanjedza

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono ndi kukhazikika kwa korona

Pa mapangidwe oterewa, mmera, wosunthika, wosankhidwa pachaka amasankhidwa. Njira imadalira njira ndi njira zotsatirazi:

Mukabzala, mmera umayikidwa molunjika kapena pang'ono pang'ono - mpaka 45 °.
M'mwezi wa June, thunthu limakhazikika pamalo opingasa ndikugundidwa ndi zibowo pansi. Nkhosa yamphongo imayenera kukhalabe yokhazikika kapena yopendekera.
Pambuyo pa izi, mchaka choyamba, nsonga pamwamba pa tsinde imatha kukula. Mwina izi zichitika mchaka chachiwiri. Kutalika kwa pamwamba kufika masentimita 25-30, kumawongoka mbali ina ndikuwakanikiza, ndikuyika phewa lachiwiri la stanza.
Pazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, manja onse adzakhazikitsidwa, kenako adzafupikitsidwa ndi 20-30% kuti alowetse nthambi.
Pambuyo pake, nthambi zachigoba zoyambirira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zolimba ndi nthawi 30 cm. Mphukira zam'munsi zimadulidwa "kukhala mphete", nthambi zam'mwamba zimapanikizika pa tsamba lachitatu - lachinayi kuti apange zipatso.
Kudulira ndi kudulira kumachitika nthawi zonse m'mitengo yonse ya mtengowo.
M'madera ambiri a Siberia, kupangira mtengo wa apulo ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingatheke

Mitundu ina ya korona

Kuphatikiza pakupanga kudulira, ukhondo umachitika nthawi zonse pochotsa mphukira zouma komanso zodwala. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa yophukira kumapeto kwa kuyamwa. Ndiponso kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse, kukhathamiritsa, korona wa Melba, kudula nthambi zomwe zimamera mkati, m'mwamba, pansi, zosokoneza komanso zosokoneza mzake.

Kututa ndi kusunga

Kuti zisungidwe, maapulo okucha pang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa. Izi zichitike nyengo yadzuwa - maapulo omwe amatengedwa mvula ikasasungidwa. Ndi kuyeretsa koyenera, amatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi inayi. Kuti muchite izi, maapulo amaikidwa m'mabokosi amatabwa m'magulu awiri a 2-3, osunthira ndi pepala kapena zomata za mitengo yabwino. Zipatso siziyenera kukhudzana. Mabokosi amaikidwa mufiriji okhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuyambira -1 ° C mpaka +7 ° C.

Maapulo amakolola munthawi youma.

M'banja lathu palibe njira yosungira maapulo m'chipinda chapansi, koma ndi mafiriji awiri, chaka chatha, tidatha kupulumutsa maapulo angapo a Melba mpaka Chaka Chatsopano. Amagona pansi pansi pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Scab ndi powdery mildew ndiye mdani wamkulu wa mitundu yakale ya mitengo ya maapulo. Masiku ano, pamene matendawa afala, sizingatheke kukula Melba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake komanso mwaukhondo.

Gome: Njira zaukhondo komanso zodzitetezera ku matenda ndi tizirombo ta mitengo ya maapulo

Zochitika	Kodi ndi motani	Nthawi	Takwanitsa
Kutolera ndi kuwotcha masamba adagwa		Yophukira masamba atagwa	Kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yachisanu mumasamba, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (nkhanu, powdery mildew, etc.). Komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timawonongeka - zovala, mbozi, etc.
Kudulira mwaukhondo ndi kuwotcha nthambi zakutali
Kukumba mozama kwa dothi lamitengo yamtengo ndikugundika kwa zigawo za dziko lapansi		Chakumapeto yophukira, chisanu chisanachitike	Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timazizirira m'nthaka timayandama pamwamba, pomwe zimafa ndi chisanu
Kuyeserera ndi chithandizo cha makungwa	Ngati ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zikapezeka, zizidulidwa nkhuni zathanzi, zotetezedwa ndi 1% yankho lamkuwa la sulfate ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oteteza pamunda wa varnish	Wagwa	Kupewa kwa mapangidwe, khansa yakuda, homosis, cytosporosis
Mitengo yoyala yoyera ndi nthambi za chigoba	Ikani yankho la mandimu otsekemera ndi kuphatikizira 1% ya mkuwa wa sulfate ndi guluu wa PVA, komanso utoto wapadera wa m'munda		Kuteteza khungu ku matenda oyipa, kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa
Ku kukonza korona ndi nthaka ndi 3% yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa		Chakumapeto kugwa, koyambirira kwamasika	Kupewa matenda a fungal ndi tizirombo
Kuwaza korona ndi mavuto a herbicides amphamvu. DNOC - kamodzi zaka zitatu, Nitrafen - zaka zina.		Kumayambiriro kasupe
Kukhazikitsa kwa malamba osaka	Pamtunda wa masentimita 40-50 pamwamba pamtunda, lamba wopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotheka amaikiratu pamtengo		Kupanga zopinga za tizirombo tating'ono - kafadala, maluwa, mbozi, ndi zina, kumenya chisoti cha mtengo wa maapozi.
Utsi wa fangayi	Asanakhale maluwa, amathandizidwa ndi Horus, nthawi ya maluwa - ndi Embrelia, mu gawo lokonzekera zipatso - ndi Skor. Nthawi yonse yokukula, Fitosporin-M imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zoyeserera zophatikizika ndi masabata awiri, nyengo yamvula - sabata limodzi. Ma fungicides onse, kupatula Fitosporin, ali osokoneza bongo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi chinthu chomwechi chopitilira katatu pachaka, sikuthandiza.		Kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, kuphatikizaponso nkhanambo
Kupopera mankhwala	Asanakhale maluwa, amathandizidwa ndi Decis, atatha maluwa - Fufanon, Commander, Spark		Kupewa kwa Tizilombo

Matenda akuluakulu a mtengo wa apulo Melba

Zachidziwikire, tikambirana za nkhanambo ndi Powawa.

Monga momwe ndidalemba pamwambapa, Melba samadwala ndi nkhanambo kapena Powawa. Imakula m'malo opambana kwambiri, owala bwino komanso mpweya wokwanira, otetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi khoma lanyumba. Kupatula apo, ndimatsatira mosamalitsa malamulo a kupewa ndi ukhondo, omwe ndanena pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake nditha kunena mosamala - kukula Melba posunga nthawi yake malamulo osavuta ndizowona komanso osati zovuta.

Scab ya mitengo ya maapulo

Sikuti paliponse Melba akudwala nkhanambo. Matendawa amakhudza mitengo ya maapulo yomwe imamera m'malo otentha. Pachitukuko chake, mumafunikira kasupe wonyowa komanso wozizira. Fungal spores yozizira mu masamba okugwa imagwira mwachangu kutentha kwa +20 ° C. Iwo, chifukwa cha nembanemba yomwe ilipo, amalumikizana ndi masamba akunja a mtengo wa apulo. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri ndi atatu, bowa umadutsa gawo lofanana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda apakati masamba a korona. Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kuzindikira kale mawonekedwe a masamba a maolivi opepuka, omwe kenako amakhala bulauni komanso osweka. M'chilimwe, bowa amapitilira zipatso, pomwe ming'alu, mawanga a necrotic, ndi mawonekedwe a zamkati. Zipatso zosapsa zimaleka kukula, imakhala choyipa ndikugwa.

Scab nthawi zambiri imalowetsa mitengo ya maapulo mumvula yonyowa, nyengo yabwino.

Pakulimbana kwadzidzidzi, mankhwala a Strobi ndiwofunikira kwambiri - amapezeka msanga (patangopita maola ochepa) ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa, ndikupangitsa kuti spores ikhale yosasangalatsa. Kutalika kwa nthawi yoteteza kumatendawa mpaka milungu iwiri, koma ndimatenda owopsa, kuyambiranso kumachitika pakatha sabata limodzi. Pazonse, mpaka chithandizo chachitatu chitha kuchitidwa.

Strobi imaletsa fungus mwachangu

Powdery mildew

Ichi ndi matenda akumwera. Komwe kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira kumatsikira pansi -20 ° C, tizilomboti sitikhala moyo. Matenda nthawi zambiri amapezeka nthawi yotentha. Kunja kwa masamba, masamba a mycelium osiyanasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Kudzera ndi petioles, spores imalowa mu masamba omwe nthawi yozizira imakhazikika. Chapakatikati, pamikhalidwe yabwino, spores imamera ndikusintha masamba achichepere, maupangiri a obiriwira obiriwira, maluwa, kuwaphimba ndi zokutira oyera, a ufa. Mtsogolomo, thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso zimakhudzidwa, yokutidwa ndi mauna owuma omwe amalowa mnofu. Njira zopewera komanso njira zamankhwala sizosiyana ndi njira zopewera nkhanambo.

Powdery mildew - matenda akumwera

Gome: Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta mtengo wa apulo wa Melba

Tizilombo	Amawoneka bwanji	Zowopsa	Njira zowongolera ndi kupewa
Apple njenjete	Gulugufe wamtundu wakuda bulauni 2-3 cm	Kuchokera mazira omwe ali mgulu lamiyala ya korona, mbozi zimakwawa. Amangolowa mu maapulo osapsa, pomwe amadya njere. Zotsatira zake, zipatsozo zimagwera. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa zipatso zopsa, zimakhala nyongolotsi - tsopano zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso.	Asanakhale ndi kutulutsa maluwa, korona amathandizidwa ndi Decis, Fufanon.
Apple Blossom	Ichi ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono ka weevil - 2-3 mm. Masamba m'nthaka pafupi-tsinde mabwalo, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amatuluka ndikuwonekera.	Akazi amaterera pansi pa masamba ndikuyika dzira limodzi. Pang'onopang'ono pakati pawo, mphutsi zimadya masamba kuchokera mkati, pambuyo pake sikutulutsa.	Kusaka malamba kumalepheretsa kafadala kufika korona. Chithandizo cha mankhwala othandizira amalimbitsa chipambano.
Chotchinga	Tizilombo tambiri mpaka mamilimita tating'ono timabisala pamphasa pansi pa zenera mpaka mamilimita atatu kutalika.	Amadya pa msuzi wa makungwa, masamba ndi zipatso	Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka, makungwa amatsukidwa ndi maburashi achitsulo, kenako amatsukidwa ndi sopo yochapa ndi sopo. Nthawi zina, nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Ndulu ya aphid	Nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kupezeka mkati mwa masamba opindika achinyamata ndi malangizo a mphukira zazing'ono	Imadyera pamadzi a masamba, mphukira, pazaka zina, kugonjetsedwa kumafika 50%	Popeza nyerere zimanyamula nsabwe za m'masamba pa korona, kukhazikitsa malamba osaka kumateteza vutoli. Chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndizothandiza mukachotsa masamba opotoka.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: tizirombo ta mitengo ya apulo

: Chiphuphu cha Apple chimatha kuwononga mbewu

: Mphutsi zamaluwa zimadya maluwa kuchokera mkati

: Chikopa chake chimabisidwa bwino pamakungwa a nthambi

: Amakhudzidwa ndi ndulu ya aphid, masamba a mtengo wa apulo amapendekera ndikusandulika ofiira

Ndemanga Zapamwamba

Pansi pa Peter, Melba akukula moyipa. Anabzala kangapo, mmodzi yekha anapulumuka, komabe anamwalira chaka chotsatira. Ndipo enawo sanakhalepo ndi moyo kubereka zipatso.
Alexey
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191

Ndili ndi Melba ikukula, imakonda kukoma ndipo sioyipa kusungira (wachibale ndi Papiroka, yomwe sinama konse). Koma Melba amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo komanso khansa yakuda. Medunitsa akukula, san kubereka zipatso, koma ndikufuna ndimusiye m'malo mwa Melba.
Elena Akentieva
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191

Mwa kukoma, ndikuganiza kuti mitundu iyi ya maapulo ndiyofunikira wina ndi mnzake! Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, mumakhala ndi chisangalalo chonse! Moyo wa alumali, ndikuganiza, ulinso chimodzimodzi ndi kusungidwa bwino pang'ono mufiriji mpaka Novembala! (adadya m'ma 20s). Koma zinthu ndi zosiyana pochoka! Ngati Medunitsa ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yolimbana ndi matenda (yomwe safuna chisamaliro chowonjezereka pochiza mitengo ndi mankhwala), ndiye kuti Melba ndiwofowoka pankhaniyi! Ndakhala ndikulimbana ndi nkhanambo ndi zowola kwa zipatso kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo ndikangoyamba kuganiza zopetsa matenda! Nkhani yamvula iliyonse yamvula komanso zowawa zimabwereza !! Inde, ndipo tikufunikiranso kukumbukira, pambuyo pa zonse, Medunitsa ndi mitundu yathu, yowerengeredwa ndi Isaev, ndipo Melba sanabweretsedwe pano!
Filipych
//otvet.mail.ru/question/83075191

Mtengo wa apulo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Melba wakhala ukukula mdziko lathu kwa zaka 40, ndipo amatikondweretsabe ndi kututa. Zowona, zimabala zipatso pokhapokha chaka (zipatso zomwe zimatchulidwaku zimatchulidwa motere), koma maapulo ndiwotsekemera komanso onunkhira kotero kuti mitundu yatsopano yamakono sangayerekezedwe ndi iwo.
Olga 1971 [75K]
//www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1701674-jabloni-sortov-melba-i-uelsi-stoit-li-sazhat.html#hcq=USoI6Pq

Phula: Maapulo okoma. Zosiyanasiyana Melba adadzikhazikitsa nthawi. Zovuta: Wokhudzidwa ndi nkhanza Kwa nthawi yayitali, agogo anga m'mundamu, panali mitengo iwiri ya maapulo. Mitundu yoyenera "Melba". Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndimakonda kwambiri kukoma kwa maapulo awa. Iwo, maapulo, ndi ochepa, ochepa kwambiri, komanso okoma. Kalasi yabwino kwambiri "Melba" yofinya masipuni. Agogo anga amapanga juisi kuchokera mitundu iyi, ngakhale panali mitengo yambiri ya maapulo m'mundamo. Zaka zinayi zapitazo, ndidaganiza zokhazikitsa kakhalidwe kakang'ono pamalo anga. Ndidasankha mitundu, ndipo, zoona, sindayiwala za Melba. Ndinagula mbande ziwiri zopangidwa ndi kampani ya Michurinsky Saplings. Mbewu ya Melba inali ndi zaka zitatu. Zabwino, pali njira yodziwira. Masamba a mbewu (zomwe ndidabzala kumapeto) siziyenera kuzilambalala, ndipo pakhale popanda dothi pamtengo wa mbande, ndipo pazikhala pali fluff. Buluzi lotsegula. Ndabzala Melba m'maenje ndi mita imodzi ndi mainchesi 70-80. Tsoka ilo, Melba m'modzi yekha adazika mizu, nthawi zonse, mbande zonse ziwiri zidayamba kuzika mizu, koma kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri mtengo umodzi wa apulo udadyedwa ndi ma voles (amakonda kubaya mizu) ndi voti pasadakhale. Kuno mchaka chachinayi (Melbe yonse zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri) mtengo wa apulo udaphukitsidwa koyamba. Muli ndi maapulo ochepa. Kukoma komwe ndikuuzeni ndi kwabwino kwambiri. Ndipo kwenikweni zidakhala Melba, ndipo osati cholengedwa china chakuthengo. Chifukwa chake ndimalangiza onse osiyanasiyana komanso makampani omwe amapereka. Ndisungitsa malo kuti dera la Moscow.
Sokrat
//otzyvy.pro/reviews/otzyvy-yablonya-sort-melba-134901.html

Mosakayikira, Melba ndi imodzi mwamaapulo abwino kwambiri a chilimwe. Ndipo kuthekera kosunga mbewuyo mpaka Chaka Chatsopano kukupatsa mitundu inanso chidwi. Kuthana ndi penchant kwa nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew kumathandiza fungicides amakono. Pulogalamu iyi ndi yolumikizana moona yaubwino.