Ichi ndi chachilendo, chachilendo, chodabwitsa kwa nthawi zina kukula kwake ndi bowa zokoma. Ndipo amangotsala kukadabwa kuti, ndi kukula kwake, sakudziwika kwambiri.
Kodi ambulera ya bowa amadya kapena ayi?
Bowa labwino la ambulera limadya kwambiri. Mphuphu zambiri zimati iye ali ndi chodabwitsa cha bowa chodabwitsa ndi fungo la nkhuku nyama. Mu mbale amagwiritsa ntchito chipewa, ndipo mwendo umatayidwa.
Kumene amakulira ndi maambulera omwe amadya amaoneka ngati
Dzinalo limadzilungamitsa lokha: gulu lopangidwa ndi bowa likhoza kukhala lalikulu masentimita 45, ndi kutalika kwa chigamba cha 45 cm - chabwino, chomwe si ambulera, komabe, ndi ana. Matsuko ambiri amadzaza ndi mamba, mbali yokha ndi yosalala ndi mtundu wakuda. Miyendo yosalala kapena yokhotakhota yokhala ndi mphete zowona zitatu, kuyenda mosasunthira mmwamba ndi pansi.
Bowa zodyedwa monga aspen udzu, white podgazdki, boletus, russula, champignons, mokhovik, svinushki, bowa wakuda, porcini bowa, ndi bowa ndiwo magwero a zakudya zamtengo wapatali: mapuloteni, mafuta, zakudya, mavitamini ndi ma microelements.
Maambulera akukula pa continent ya Eurasian, kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Australia ndi America, m'madera otseguka okwanira, mu nthaka yolemera mu humus. Mukhoza kuwasonkhanitsa kuyambira mwezi wa July ndikufika kumapeto kwa autumn, kufikira masiku otsiriza a mwezi wa October mu nkhalango zosakanikirana. Kumeneko amakhala m'madera ang'onoang'ono kapena amodzi.
Mukudziwa? Bowa ndi pafupifupi 90% madzi.
White
Dzina lina ndi ambulera ya mushroom m'munda. Chipewa chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyera, ndipo nthawi zina chimatuluka chikasu kapena beige, mafuta omwe ali ndi mamba. Ukulu wa kapuwo ndi wochokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 13, monga mawonekedwe a anyamata a bowa, kapu ndi mawonekedwe a dzira, ndiye pang'onopang'ono kukhala wokongola, kumalire pamphepete mwa utoto woyera. Pakatikati ndi maonekedwe ooneka bwino a bulauni. Mabala omwe ali kumbuyo kwa kapu ndi ochuluka komanso omasuka, ngati bowa ndi akale - bulauni kapena ndi bulauni. 
Msola uli wamkati, mkatikati, kuchokera pamwamba mpaka 4 masentimita 14. Chophimba pang'ono, choyera mpaka mphete, chakuda pansipa. Mukakhudzidwa, limasanduka bulauni.
Thupi liri loyera ndi fungo lokoma, ngati kudula kapena kudula, mtundu sukusintha.
Amakula kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June kufikira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, kukonda kuzimitsa, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumalo odyetserako ziweto.
Blushing
Chipewa chake chikhoza kukhala beige, chofiira chofiirira kapena imvi. Mafuta omwe ali pamutuwu ndi fibrous. Poyamba, kapu imakhalanso ngati dzira, koma pamene ikukula imatenga mawonekedwe a belu ndipo potsiriza imapanga mpweya wambiri, wokhazikika. Mbali ya kapu imachokera ku masentimita 7 mpaka 22. Mtundu wa mbalewo ndi woyera kapena wotumbululuka chikasu, ndipo ngati ukakamizidwa, lalanje, pinki kapena mtundu wobiriwira udzawonekera. 
Mphuno yopanda kanthu, ngati mawonekedwe a silinda, akuwombera pamwamba, kuyambira kutalika 6 mpaka 26 cm.
Thupi ndi loyera, lopanda mphamvu komanso lopangidwira, ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Bowa la ambulera la redunding limakula kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June kufikira masiku oyambirira a Novembala m'nkhalango zakuda, zitha kupezeka m'mabwinja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'mapaki ndi m'mizinda.
Motley
Msuzi wofiira kapena chipewa cha beige chokhala ndi mamba wonyezimira. Poyambirira, mawonekedwe ngati mpira, kapena mazira, akamakula, amawoneka ngati kondomu, yokhazikika - yofanana ndi ambulera. Kuzungulira kumapeto kwa mkati, pamwamba - mdima wamdima wakuzungulira. Mbalame yoyera kapena yofiira yambiri imakhala yosiyana ndi kapu. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera kapena osowa, ambiri. 
Msolo wa Brown - kuyambira 10 mpaka 35 masentimita, mofanana, mkatikati mwa dzenje, mawonekedwe ozungulira, ku cap kapu. Kuchokera mu kapu kumasiyanitsa mosavuta.
Thupi ndi loyera ndi lomasuka, ndi fungo losangalatsa la bowa, limakonda ngati chimanga kapena mtedza.
Amakula kuyambira theka lachiwiri la June kufikira masiku oyambirira a November. Amakonda dothi lachinyanja m'nkhalango zamapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, koma amapezeka mumidzi - m'mapaki ndi malo.
Ndikofunikira! Musamapeze maambulera omwe amadya pafupi ndi misewu yayikuru, malonda ndi mapepala oyendetsa malowa - bowa awa amatenga poizoni ndipo ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
Mitundu yosadziwika
Bowa wonyenga ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zakudya zokha, koma poizoni ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, ngakhale kupha. Ndipo owopsa kwambiri mwa iwo ndi ambulera yotentha ndi mthunzi wa ambulera.
Dzidziwitse ndi bowa losakwanira, monga bowa wakuda, mkaka, aspen bowa, svinushki, ndi mabakiteriya a sham.
Sakanizani
Izi zimachokera ku banja la chimfine, chipewa chake chimachokera ku 2 mpaka 5 cm mwake, achinyamata amakhala ofanana ndi belu, ndipo mwa iwo omwe apanga kale, ali ndi mamba a chikasu a chikasu pamwamba pa kapu. Mitundu ya kapu ndi yofiira, yofiira pafupifupi masentimita 5.
Mgugu wa bowa wosadziwika ndi woonda kwambiri, theka la sentimita m'mimba mwake, osalumikiza, osakanikirana, wowonjezera pamunsi, masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Mpheteyi ndi yoyera kapena yofiira, yopapatiza, imatha msanga kwambiri. Mtundu wa miyendo mumtundu wa chikasu mpaka wachikasu. 
Thupi la ambulera ya zisa ndi loyera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Fungo ili losasangalatsa komanso lakuthwa.
Mtsuko
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso lepiota chestnut. Ndiponso kuchokera ku banja la champignon. Chophimba chofiira kapena chofiira chomwe chili ndi masentimita awiri mpaka 4. Poyamba, perekani, kenako - piritsi, pamwamba - khungu, ndi tiyi tating'ono tokulu. Ma mbalewo amayamba kutembenukira chikasu.
Mphuno yamphongo, ikukula pansi. Chovalacho ndi choyera, koma chimatha ndi nthawi. 
Thupi ndi lofiira kapena lofiirira, lomwe lingathe kuoneka bwino pamene liwotchedwa, ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Mukakhudzidwa, ndizovuta kwambiri.
Brown wofiira
Mayina ena ndi scaly lepiota kapena zofiira zofiira lepiota. Bowa woopsa kwambiri, womwe uli ndi makina ake.
Chigawo cha kapu - kuchokera pa masentimita 2 mpaka 4, pamakhala masentimita 6. Wopalasitiki, akhoza kutseguka ndi bulge, wotumbululuka chikasu kapena chofiirira ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa. Mphepete ndi pang'ono. Pamwamba pa chipewa mwa mawonekedwe ozungulira mdima mamba, kusonkhana pakati ndi kupanga chovala chofiira chakuda choda. 
Mwendo wamphongo wamphongo wamphongo womwe uli ndi mapiritsi ofanana pakati. Mtundu wa miyendo pamwamba pa mpheteyo ndi wokoma, ndipo pansi pa mphete ndi mchisumbu yamdima.
Mankhwalawa amamangiriridwa, pamwamba pa miyendo ndi mu kapu ali wotumbululuka chikasu, miyendo ndi yofiira yakuda pansi. Fungo la bowa laling'ono - fruity, yamaluwa akale kapena owuma - amondi owawa kwambiri.
Misozi yofiira
Chipewa ndi alo-pinki, mu bowa wachinyamata amamenyedwa pakatikati ndi chifuwa, mwa okhwima ngakhale, otseguka. Pa zolakwitsa za chivundikiro muli zochepa za sikelo. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera, aulere.
Luso losalala, mwinamwake limakhuthala pansi. Pa pinki yaying'ono yotchedwa fibrous, yakucha - yofiira yofiira. Chovalacho, chofanana ndi chibangili, kuthamanga. 
Thupi ndi loyera, losasunthika, ngati losayika, limakhala lofiira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi bowa wotani - simungathe kukhudza!
Kusiyana kwakukulu: momwe mungasankhire bowa
Palibe njira 100% zosiyanitsira bowa zodyera kuchokera ku zoopsa ndi maonekedwe, komabe pali zizindikiro zomwe mungapeze mambula abwino ndi otetezeka:
- Choyamba ndi chofunikira kwambiri - bowa ayenera kukhala mwatsopano.
- Hatani m'mimba mwake kuchokera 8 mpaka 25 (mwina mpaka 35) masentimita.
- Msola uli wochepa thupi ndi wochepa kwambiri (kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 25 ndi mamita awiri kuchokera pa 0.8 mpaka 2 sentimenti, wowonjezera pansi ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono kawirikawiri.
- Bowa wodetsedwa ayenera kukhala lalikulu, ndi kapu ya masentimita 25.
Malangizo ena owonjezera: tengani zomwe zimadziwika bwino; Musakhudze bowa pang'ono ngati n'kovuta kudziwa ndi maonekedwe awo mtundu wa bowa; Musakhudze magawo a bowa.
Malamulo osungiramo zowawa
Chofunika chatsopano kusungidwa mu firiji muzitsulo chotseguka kapena pepala kuti mupeze mpweya, koma pakadali pano ayenera kudya kwa masiku amodzi kapena awiri. Njira inanso ndiyokusakaniza. Maambulera kuyeretsa, kutsuka, kutsanulira mchere ndi kukanikizidwa pamalo ozizira. Salafu ya moyo wa ambule amchere amatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Mungathe kufanso, koma kutentha sikuyenera kukhala koposa kuposa madigiri 18. Mu mawonekedwe a chisanu, maambulera amasungidwa kuyambira miyezi inayi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndipo mungathe kuuma, ndiye maambulera amatha kusunga katundu wawo kwa chaka chimodzi. 
Kodi kuphika maambulera mukumenya
Ntchito yophika maambulera mukumenya ndi yophweka ndipo sizitenga nthawi yambiri. Chinthu chachikulu - kudziwa, kuphika. Za izi ndi kunena.
Mndandanda wamalonda
Pofuna kukonzekera maambulera kumenyana kumafunika:
- zipewa zotsegula maambulera;
- nkhuku mazira;
- mchere;
- tsabola;
- Zomera za Provence za ku Italy (zosankha);
- maambulera owuma muzowona (ngati zilipo);
- ufa;
- masamba mafuta.
Kuphika chophimba ndi chithunzi
- Dulani maambulera otsegulidwa - zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri.
- Chotsani makapu (ngati atasiyidwa) mbali ya miyendo, kenaka yasambani makapu bwino ndi owuma.
- Dulani chipewa chilichonse pawiri.
- Smash mazira awiri a nkhuku mu mbale yakuya.
- Onjezerani mazira a supuni ndi "phiri" la mchere ndi zonunkhira (kulawa).
- Onjezerani hafu ya supuni ya supuni ya tsabola ndi zitsamba za masamba a Provencal (kulawa).
- Pewani kapu ya ambulera yowuma (ngati ilipo).
- Sakanizani mofanana ndi whisk ya khitchini.
- Pamene mukusakaniza, onjezerani ufa mofanana ndi dzira limodzi - supuni imodzi ya ufa.
- Onetsetsani mpaka zowonongeka zisawonongeke.
- Sungani bowa mu batter omalizidwa ndi mwachangu mu mafuta a masamba pafupipafupi.
- Fryola mphindi zitatu kapena zinayi kumbali iliyonse.
Video: momwe mungaphike ambulera ya bowa
Kodi kupindula kwa maambulera a bowa ndi chiyani?
Zopindulitsa za ambulera fungi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mankhwala, omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza bioactive. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kalori, amachititsa kuti kulemera kwa thupi kukhale kochepa, chifukwa cha chiwerengero chawo chochepa chakumayambiriro kake kamene kamayambitsa njira yodyera ndipo potero amadzaza ndikuyeretsanso ku slags.
Pindulani ndi kadyedwe kake: madzi osambira, calendula, salvia, linden, chervil, lyubka kawiri, cress, yucca, dodder, viburnum buldenezh, goldenrod, anyezi-slyzun, nkhanu, oregano (oregano) ndi kale.Komanso, maambulera a bowa:
- khalani ndi zotsatira zotsutsa;
- kuchepetsa ntchito za bakiteriya;
- kubwezeretsanso maselo a thupi;
Kuwonjezera pa bowa ambulera, zomera zotsatirazi zimathandizanso dongosolo la mitsempha: peony, white martian (quinoa), buttercups, nthochi zouma, belladonna, mabulosi a acai, yellowgrass, chicory, chowawa, ndi hellebore.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha bactericidal properties, ufa kuchokera ku miyendo youma ya ambulera imatsuka ndi kuchiritsa mpweya mu chipinda chokhalamo.
Kupanga
Umbrella mwachilengedwe chilengedwe chinapatsidwa kuchiritsa zinthu, mmenemo:
- mapuloteni - 2.4 g;
- mafuta - 1.3 g;
- makapu - 0,5 g;
- mankhwala ophwanya - 1.2 g;
- saturated mafuta acid - 0,2 g;
- Vitamini PP (NE);
- Vitamini B1 (thiamine):
- vitamini B2 (riboflavin);
- vitamini B3 (nicotinic acid);
- Vitamini B6 (pyridoxine);
- vitamini B9 (folic acid);
- vitamini C (ascorbic asidi);
- vitamini E (tocopherol);
- vitamini k (phylloquinone).
Kuwonjezera apo, ambulera imakhala ndi chuma chochulukirapo - sodium, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous. Sizimatayidwa ndi amino acid, 17, ndipo pakati pawo ndi zofunika kwa thupi la munthu glutamine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine.
Zothandiza
Kugwiritsira ntchito maambulera kumathandiza kuti mukhale ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa thanzi. Ndipo izi ndi chifukwa cha maambulera, zomwe zimachitika:
- kusintha kwa mtima;
- mantha ochepa;
- kuwonjezereka kukana matenda opatsirana;
- kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga khansa;
- kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- antioxidant zotsatira.
Mitengo yotsatilayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda a mtima: kaloti, radishes, calendula, hawthorn (glod), siliva, siliva, mazira, aconite, filberts, ten (many-flowered mulberry) ndi yasenets (moto woyaka moto) .
Kuvulaza ndi kutsutsana
Ngakhale kuti ambulera ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Bowayi imatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana m'mimba, chiwindi kapena makoswe, zingakhale zovulaza kwa ana aang'ono ocheperapo asanu komanso kwa amayi panthawi yopuma.
Ndipo ikhoza kuvulaza anthu wathanzi ngati adya kwambiri - zotsatira zake zidzakhala kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kugwedeza ndi kupondaponda.
Bowa la mbumbulu - zokoma zosawerengeka pa matebulo. Komabe, wina akhoza kuphika zakudya zokoma ndi zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapatsa thupi la munthu mowolowa manja mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zochiritsira.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti za phunziro lothandiza - bowa losonkhanitsa
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