Za kukulira mtengo wa maapulo Wodziwika

Mitundu yochita bwino mozizira, yomwe idapangidwa ku America kale mu 1935, ili ku Europe. Ndiwopangidwa ndi mafakitale, komanso ndizosangalatsa kukula m'minda yakunyumba chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, kusunga zipatso ndi zipatso. Ndiosavuta kukula Idared - tikukuuzani momwe mungachitire.

Kufotokozera kwa kalasi

Zosiyanasiyana zochokera ku United States mochedwa dzinja. Pa mayeso osiyanasiyana a boma kuyambira 1973, mu State Register kuyambira mu 1986 ku North Caucasus, Lower Volga ndi North-West. Amakula paliponse ku Ukraine. Malo olimidwa mafakitale ku Russia ndi Kuban. Idared ili ndi kukula kwamtundu wapakati - mpaka 3.5 m - mtengo wokhala ndi piramidi wambiri, wothinitsidwa pang'ono (nthawi zina osowa). Mtengowu umatha kukula mpaka mita sikisi, ngati mmera udalumanikizidwa pachomera cholimba. Nthambi ndi mitengo yachigoba ndi yamphamvu, yayikulu, yowongoka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zosakanikirana, imawonedwa kutalika konse kwa nthambi popanda kuwonekera. Nthawi zambiri, maapulo awiri kapena atatu amatsalira kuti asankhe pamagolovu. Panthambi zakubadwa ziwiri, zitatu zophukira zipatso zimapangidwa pazaka zipatso. Kwambiri ololera zosiyanasiyana ndi okhazikika fruiting. Ku Turasory ya Krasnodar, zokolola za pachaka zimawonedwa pamlingo wa 300-400 c / ha, nthawi zina imafika 500 c / ha. Mtengo umodzi wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi - zisanu ndi ziwiri nthawi zambiri umapereka ma kilogalamu 30 a maapulo. Atakwanitsa zaka 10-13, chiwerengerochi chimakwera mpaka ma kilogalamu 90-100. Imabala zipatso pamiyeso m'matimu pazaka za 5-6. Zosiyanasiyana zake ndi zopanda nzeru. Ku Kuban, pollinators ndi mitundu ya mitengo ya maapulo Red Delicious, Wagner ndi Kuban spur. M'madera akum'mwera ali ndi hardness yozizira komanso kulekerera chilala. Sivutika ndi mawanga a bulauni, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew komanso nkhanambo. Masiku oyambira maluwa - kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Nthawi zina izi zimayambitsa kufa kwa maluwa kuchokera ku chisanu obwerera.

Nthambi za thunthu ndi mafupa a mtengo wa apulo wa Idared ndi zamphamvu, zazikulu, zowongoka

Zipatso zimakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 140, pazitali - 170 magalamu. Maonekedwe ndi ozungulira, osalala, pamwamba ndi osalala, wokutidwa ndi sera wokutira. Khungu limakhala lopyapyala, lopepuka kubiriwira ndi carmine yowala kapena rasipiberi olimba. Thupi limakhala ndi mtundu wowawasa, wokazizira komanso wandiweyani ukadulidwa, kumapeto kwa moyo wa alumali umakhala wokhazikika bwino komanso womasuka. Kununkhira ndikwabwino kwambiri, kokoma komanso wowawasa, fungo labwino. Kuyesa kulawa pa mbiri yonse ya mitundu kunatsika kuchokera ku 4.5 mpaka 4.0 mfundo.

Maapulo amatha kugwira nthambi popanda kupunthwa. Zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala ndikusungidwa mu sitolo yozizira mpaka mbewu yatsopano. Amalekerera mayendedwe bwino, kutulutsa zinthu zogulitsa ndi 88-92%. Cholinga chake ndichachilengedwe, koma kwambiri.

Kubzala Mtengo wa apulo Wodziwika

Kuti mubzale pa tsamba la Mtengo wa apulosi Wodziwika bwino, muyenera kudziwa malamulo oyambira motere.

Momwe mungasankhire malo oti mutengedwe

Ngati malo obzala mtengo wa apulo sanasankhidwe molondola, ndiye kuti kuyesetsa konse kukula sikuthandiza. Mlimiyo ayenera kudziwa kuti pa zipatso za mtengo wa maapozi muyenera kubzala pabwino, m'malo opumira, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira yam'mphepete, yokhala ndi dothi lotayirira, lopanda madzi komanso losasunthika. Pankhaniyi pomwe munthu akhoza kuyembekezera (ndi chisamaliro choyenera) zokolola zambiri zamtengo wapatali. Zosiyanasiyana ndizonyalanyaza chonde.

Motani, nthawi yanji ndikubzala mmera

Chofunikira chachiwiri pakukula bwino kwa mitengo ya maapulo ndikupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri kubzala. Mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana samasiyana pokhapokha ngati mukugula mmera ku nazale yapadera kapena kwa wogulitsa yemwe ali wodalirika. Mukugwa, pamene nazale zimachita kukumba kwakukulu kwa mbande zogulitsa, pali kusankha kwa mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mitengo ya maapozi ya mwana wazaka ziwiri zokha imakhala bwino. Akuluakulu amavutika kwambiri ndikusintha. Komanso muyenera kutchera khutu kuti mudziwe ndi mizu - iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yopanda mizere popanda makulidwe, ma cones, zophuka. Khungwa la mtengowo liyenera kukhala losalala, lopanda ming'alu ndi kuwonongeka.

Mizu ya mmera uyenera kupangidwa bwino

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti nthawi yabwino kubzala mbewu zamtundu uliwonse kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mukabzala, mbande zimapuma - zimadzuka kale m'malo atsopano. Zisungeni mpaka zibzalidwe pansi kapena pansi m'nthaka ya + 1-5 ° C. M'njira zonsezi, mizu imalowetsedwa mu dongo ndi mullein kuti isamatenthe.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pobzala mtengo wa apulo

Njira yobzala mulibe ntchito yomwe osadziwa wolima dimba wasintha. Woyambira kumene, timapereka malangizo kwa tsatane-tsatane:

1. Mukugwa, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje. Amachita izi:
   1. Amakumba bowo lama voliyumu yokwanira. Mwachilengedwe, mulifupi mwake muyenera kukhala mulifupi mwa 0,8-1.0 m ndi kuya kwa mamita 0.7 Mukabzala pamchenga komanso pamchenga wamchenga wosauka mu humus, kuchuluka kwa dzenjelo kumakulitsidwa mpaka 1-1,5 m³ ndi zina zambiri.
      

      Nthawi zambiri, mulifupi mwa dzenjelo liyenera kukhala pakati pa 0.8-1.0 m ndi kuya kwa pafupifupi 0.7 m

   2. Konzani zosakaniza zomera zam'mera ndikuzidzaza ndi dzenje pamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani magawo ofanana chernozem, peat, humus ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, 0,5 makilogalamu a superphosphate ndi 1 lita imodzi ya phulusa lamatanda amathiridwa.
2. Chapakatikati musanabzale, mizu ya mmera imanyowa mu njira yothetsera mphamvu (Heteroauxin, Epin, Kornevin, ndi zina) kwa maola angapo.
3. Pakati pa dzenje, ikani dzenje ndi voliyumu yokwanira kuti mulowe muzu wazipatso momwe muli. Pa mtunda wa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera pakatikati, mtengo wamitanda 1-1.3 m kutalika umayendetsedwa mkati.
4. Mulu wa dothi umapangidwa mgodi, pamwamba pomwe khosi la mmera limayikidwapo, ndipo mizu yake imayambitsidwa chimodzimodzi mtsetse.
5. Amadzaza dzenjelo ndi dothi, kumadzazungulira m'mbali. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti khosi la muzu la mbewuyo lili pamlingo wa dothi.
   

   Mizu yake yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ikupunthira zigawo
6. Pambuyo pake, mmera umamangiriridwa ndi msomali ndi chofewa, chopindika, kupewa kufinya kwa makungwa.
7. Dawo lozungulira la dzenje pogwiritsa ntchito chopper kapena ploskorez limapanga bwalo.
8. Madzi okwanira kuthirira nthaka, kuonetsetsa kuti ikuyenera kuzika mizu ndikuchotsa mpweya.
   

   Mutabzala mmera, thirirani dothi lambiri

9. Woyendetsa wapakati wa mbewuyo amadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0.8-1.0 m, ndipo nthambi zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 20-30 sentimita.

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu Yodziwika imakhala yosasamala posamalira, kotero ndikosavuta kuikuza.

Momwe mungamwere ndikudyetsa mtengo wa apulo

Chifukwa chololera chilala, mitundu yothirira sichitha nthawi yambiri. Zinayi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira nyengo. Koyamba mtengo wa maapulo umathiridwa madzi asanatulutsa, wachiwiri utatha maluwa, wachitatu mu Ogasiti. Pamapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuthilira kwamadzi kwanyengo yachisanu chisanachitike kumachitika. Lamuloli likugwira ntchito kwa munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi mizu yolimba. Mu zaka zoyambirira zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (6) zidzakhala zofunikira kuthirira nthawi zambiri - mpaka 8-10 nthawi imodzi. M'chaka cha 3-4 mutabzala, mtengowu ufunika zakudya zina zowonjezera.

Gome: Zomwe zidapangidwira feteleza wa apulo

Kuphatikiza mtengo wa apulo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa udzu watsopano m'madzi ofunda

Kudula ndikusintha

Ndikofunikira kupanga korona wa mtengo wazaka zoyambirira za moyo wawo. Izi ntchito ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe isanayambike kuyamwa kutuluka. Mtengo pakadali pano uyenera kupumulabe, masamba sanatupe. Muyenera kusankha mawonekedwe omwe wolimayo adzapatsa korona. Ngati mtengowo uli pachidebe chazitali, amalimbikitsidwa kuti apatsidwe mawonekedwe achikale.

Mitengo yayitali nthawi zambiri imapatsidwa mawonekedwe a korona

Pankhani yokhala ngati chitsa chochepa kwambiri, ndibwino kusankha kapangidwe kooneka ngati kapu, kamene kamawunikira bwino, mpweya wabwino, komanso mwayi wosamalira mtengowo ndi zipatso. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, mu kasupe wa chaka chachiwiri muyenera kusankha nthambi 3-4 pachomera chomera chomwe chimakula mosiyanasiyana ndikuwadula kutalika 30 cm. Awa ndi nthambi zamtsogolo za chigoba. Mphukira zina zonse zimadulidwa "kukhala mphete." Komanso kudula kondakitala wapakatikati pamunsi pa mphukira yapamwamba. Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, nthambi ziwiri zachiwiri zimapangidwa pa nthambi za chigoba, kuzikonza ndi 20-30 sentimita. Mphukira zina zonse zopangidwa pa nthambi za mafupa zimadulidwa.

Mapangidwe okhala ngati korona woboola pakati amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitengo ya apulo ya Idared pamatoko amtengo

Chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa nyengo, kudulira koyenera kumachitika kuti muchepetse korona ngati kuli kotheka. Izi ndizowona makamaka ndi kapangidwe kooneka ngati chikho, chifukwa zimayambitsa kukula kwa nsonga. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, atayimitsa kuyamwa kwa madziwo, kudulira kwa chisoti chachifumu pang'onopang'ono kumachitika - masamba owuma, odwala komanso owonongeka amachotsedwa.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Popewa matenda ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, njira zodzitetezera komanso zaukhondo zimatengedwa.

Gome: Njira zodzitetezera mu zipatso za maapulo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili mankhwala kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Fungicides amatchedwa mankhwala kuthana ndi matenda a fungus.

Mankhwala ophera tizirombo amaphatikiza magulu onse awiriwa a mankhwalawa, komanso mankhwala acaricides (mankhwala oletsa kulumala).

Matenda omwe angakhale osiyanasiyana

Wamaluwa mu ndemanga amatchula kugonjetsedwa pafupipafupi kwa mtengo wa apulosi Kudziwitsidwa ndi nkhanambo ndi Powawa.

Scab

Matendawa fungatizi imadziwonekera mu kasupe mumkhalidwe wonyowa kwambiri komanso nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, kugonjetsedwa kumatha kufika 100%. Mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa maolivi a maolivi bulauni pamasamba, ndiye nkhanambo imadutsa zipatso. Amapanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pa iwo, ming'alu yamtunda. Pazithandizo zadzidzidzi, fungobi ya Strobi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe sikuti imangoyesetsa kuthana ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa fungus, ndikupha spores yake.

Scab pa zipatso mitundu putrefactive mawanga ndi ming'alu

Powdery mildew

Ma fungal spores amafa nthawi yozizira ndi chisanu pansi -20 ° C. Chifukwa chake, ufa wa powdery nthawi zambiri umakhudza mbewu kum'mwera, komwe nyengo yozizira imakhala yochepa. Choyambirira, spores zimamera pamasamba achichepere ndi mphukira, ndikuziphimba ndi zokutira kolimba za utoto woyera. Pakapita kanthawi, chidacho chimdima, chimakhala chofiirira, ndi madontho. M'nyengo yotentha, imazizira, ndikusandulika kukhala thupi la bowa wakuda. Masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi mphukira, kupindika, kuleka kukula ndikuuma. Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera ndizofanana ndi nkhanambo.

Powdery mildew spores imamera pamasamba achichepere ndi mphukira, ndikuwaphimba ndi utoto wonyansa, yoyera, yomata

Kanema: Poweka mpunga pamtengo wa apulo

Moniliosis

Pali mitundu iwiri yakuwonetsa matendawa. Choyamba ndi kuwotcha kwachikunja. Chapakatikati, maluwa, masamba achichepere ndi mphukira zimamenyedwa, chifukwa, zimafuna, zimatembenuka. Mtundu wachiwiri wamatendawa umakhudza mitengo ya maapulo m'chilimwe ndi zowola zipatso. Komanso mawonekedwe ake panthawi yosungirako maapulo ndizotheka. Zigawo zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndikuyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonongeka; mphukira imadulidwa ndi gawo lamatanda athanzi. Fungicides zamakono zimatha kuthana ndi vutoli.

M'chilimwe, moniliosis imakhudza zipatso ndi imvi zowola

Mwina tizirombo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizimenyera nkhondo tisanayambe kuonekera.

Apple njenjete

Maapulo akuluakulu ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mtengowo ugonjetsedwe ndi gulugufe wamtundu wa bulauni wamtundu wa 1-2 cm. Kuuluka kwake kumachitika mu Epulo - Meyi. Kutalika kwa nthawi imeneyi ndi miyezi 1-1.5. Gulugufe amayikira mazira mu korona wamtengo wa apulo kumtunda kwa tsamba. Izi zimachitika patatha masiku 7- 7 kuchokera maluwa. Zimakhota kuchokera mu mazira, mbozi zimalowera zipatso, kudzula mbewu. Kuthandizanso kuthana ndi tizirombo titangotulutsa maluwa, pomwe gulugufeyu sanakhalepo ndi nthawi yoti ayikire mazira. Mankhwalawa akubwerezedwanso kawiri limodzi ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri.

Zipamba za apulo wopeta zimadya nthangala za zipatso

Apple Blossom

Tizilomboti tokongola tating'ono. Masamba m'nthaka pafupi-tsinde mabwalo, ndipo kumayambiriro kasupe amatuluka korona. Yaikazi imayikira dzira limodzi nthawi mu maluwa, mphutsi zomwe zimawoneka zimadya inflorescence kuchokera mkatikati, kenako ndikuziyika ndi masamba ake. Kupewa kogwira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito malamba osaka, kugwedeza kachilomboka pamatenthedwe (mpaka -5 ° C) kutentha ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mphutsi za maluwawo zimaphukira zonunkha zamkati

Ma nsabwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono iti timadziwa bwino aliyense wokonza m'munda ndi wolima dimba. Nthawi zambiri zimagwera pamtengo mothandizidwa ndi nyerere, zomwe zimakonda kudya zipatso zotsekemera za aphid. Chingwe chomasaka komanso chovala chokhala ngati khola chimateteza ku mliriwu. Ngati aphid akadakhazikika pamasamba ndi mphukira za mtengo wa apulo, ndiye kuti mankhwala othandizira atizilombo atithandiza kuchotsa. Akapindika kukhala chubu, masamba amayenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka asanakonzedwe, chifukwa yankho lake silifikapo pokonzekera.

Aphid ili mkati mwa masamba

Ndemanga Zapamwamba

Re: Yodziwika. Pazopanga mafakitale, mitunduyo imanyansa ... Imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhanambo ndi Powawa poyipira ... Imafunikira chithandizo chachikulu ... Ndipo zinthuzi ndizokwanira kale ... M'minda yakale idatsalira chifukwa chosowa ma analogu ...

malekezero, Ukraine

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Re: Amadziwa kuti ndimatcha "zolemetsa" zamtunduwu chifukwa ndizosalemekeza kwambiri.Kwa oyamba kumene ndi kulima mafakisidwe ndibwino osazipeza. Wosazindikira, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina samadwala, kupangika mosavuta, kuchepera pang'ono. Kulawa, zoona, wotsika, koma wobzala nthawi zonse amakhala ndi maapulo!

Sphinx, dera la Lugansk, Ukraine

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9718

Re: Yodziwika. Chifukwa cha omwe adadziwika, chaka chilichonse ndi maapulo. Imafunikira makulidwe, ndi mankhwala angapo kuchokera ku nkhanambo. Mwina chifukwa pasanakhale famu yophatikizira kudutsa mseu, adati idadulidwa chifukwa cha kudwala. Sindinazindikire ufa wowonda, ngakhale izi zimachitika tsoka lililonse pachaka pa gooseberries ndi ma currants. Chaka chatha, chagona bwino mpaka Meyi. Mu izi ndidadina ndi fungicides, kale zowola. Idyani mwachangu. Kukomako sikwapamwamba, koma osati koyipa kuposa maapulo apulasitiki a ATB-shnyh.

ser_128, Ukraine

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9718

Maapulo odziwika ayenera kuti anagulidwa kamodzi ndi aliyense. Pakadali pano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikuchepa m'misika yaku Europe chifukwa chakumera kwa zambiri zofananira ndi katundu wabwino. Koma, chifukwa chakuzimirira pakuchoka, zokolola zambiri zodalirika komanso nthawi yayitali ya zipatso, zitha kulimbikitsidwa kuti zilimidwe kumayiko ndi ziwembu zawo.