Henomeles kapena Japan quince - mlendo m'munda wanu

Pafupifupi tchire la Japan quince limatchedwa, kukula m'minda yamaluwa komanso kusangalatsa ndi maluwa okhala ndi maluwa ofiira, a lalanje kapena oyera. Dzinalo "henomeles" limasuntha khutu ndi mawu a sayansi kwambiri, "cydonia" wokoma mtima, kapena quince, silikuwonetsa tanthauzo, ndipo tanthauzo la "ndimu yakumpoto" limangotengera mawonekedwe a zipatso, kusiya kuyang'ana kukongola kwa maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, wokonza dimba wosowa, atawonapo chomera ichi, samayamba kuyesera pamasamba ake.

Kodi quince wa ku Japan ndi chiyani

Mitengo yaying'ono yabwino kapena zitsamba za genome Henomeles a Pinki. Oyimira kuthengo amapezeka ku China ndi Japan. Ku Europe ndi North America, mbewuzi zakhala zikudziwika bwino ndi izi kwa zaka zopitilira mazana awiri chifukwa cha maluwa abwino komanso kuthekera kwa ma genomeles kuti apange malire owoneka achilengedwe. Ku Soviet Union, quince ya ku Japan yotchedwa cydonia yafalikira kumadera a Baltic, makamaka ku Latvia.

Mwakulakwitsa, m'malo mwa mbewu wamba za quince (lat. Cydonia), mbewu za henomeles zidatumizidwa. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankalimidwa kumeneko ngati cydonia, ngakhale kuti kusamvetsetsa kunafotokozedwa mwachangu. Ndidasanthula momwe zipatsozo zidakhalira ndikutsimikiza kuti zomwe zili ndi vitamini C, carotene, mavitamini a B ndi organic acid zimaposa ndimu. Kuchokera apa pakubwera dzina lina lodziwika bwino la genomeles - Ndimu ya kumpoto.

Mphukira zamitundu yambiri zimakhala ndi minga, yomwe imapereka ntchito yobzala komanso yoteteza.

Kuwaza masamba pa mphukira kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri pokolola

Kutalika kwa tchire, kutengera ndi malo okukula, kuyambira mita imodzi mpaka sikisi. Pali mitundu yokwawa. Pa gawo la Russia sichimakula kwambiri kuposa theka ndi theka - mamita awiri. Thunthu ndi nthambi zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiirira, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi tinge yofiirira. Mfuti zimakutidwa ndi ma spikes. Masamba okongola a genomeles amazunguliridwa, ovoid-oval kapena lanceolate mawonekedwe. Asintha kapena asanja m'mphepete.

Masamba a Henomeles ndi ozungulira, ovoid kapena chowulungika

Maluwa, okongola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ake, onunkhira bwino amakopa njuchi. Mtundu wa ma petals ndiosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali zoyera, zapinki zapamwamba, lalanje ndi zofiira. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta. Mu maluwa osavomerezeka mumakhala miyala isanu, kuyambira pa makumi awiri mpaka makumi asanu wowonda wowoneka bwino ndi pistil wophatikizira ma pisitoni asanu. Maluwa a genomeles nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mu Epulo-Meyi.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: maluwa a henomeles

Kukongola kwamaluwa okongola komanso ma kompositi kunapangitsa kuti Japan azigwiritsa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Henomeles amawoneka bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi mbewu zina, m'minda imodzi komanso ngati malire.

Zithunzi Zojambulidwa: Chiwonetsero cha Chijapani pamapangidwe

Ngakhale kuti mbewuyo idadziwika komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika pakupanga minda, phindu lachipatso silidadziwika. Zipatso zazing'ono za genomeles zimapangidwa ngati apulo kapena quince. Mtundu wa mandimu achikasu, lalanje kapena wachikasu.

Mitundu ya Genomeles ndiwofunikira popanga zakudya, mafakitale azakudya ndi mafuta onunkhira chifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo kazinthu zopanga mankhwala. Iwo adapeza zinthu zothandiza kugwiririra (ascorbic acid, carotene, B mavitamini), organic (malic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, chlorogenic, quinic) ndi mafungo (caffeic, coumaric isomers) acids, pectic, phenolic, mchere, ma carbohydrate, mafuta onenepa

V.P. Petrova

Zipatso zamtchire ndi zipatso. - M: Msika wa nkhalango, 1987. - S. 172-175

Pakati pazipatso zambiri, kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula, zimachokera 30-30 mpaka 150-300 magalamu. Pamwamba pali mafuta. Mphepoyi imakhala yochulukirapo, acidic, ili ndi fungo lakuthwa la zipatso ndipo imakhala ndi pectin yambiri. Muzipinda za mbewu muli mbewu zazing'ono zofiirira.

Zipatso za Henomeles ndizonunkhira kwambiri koma wowawasa mu kukoma

Kucha kwa zipatso za genomeles kumachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena Okutobala.

Pafupifupi palibe Japan quince zosiyanasiyana zipse kwathunthu pakati zone Russia. Koma chodabwitsa chomera ichi ndi kuti zipatso zimatha kukolola osakhwima, kuchuluka kwa ascorbic acid mutatha kudya zipatso sizikuchepa, ndipo malinga ndi zambiri, umachulukanso nthawi yosungidwa.

Chifukwa cha kukoma wowawasa ndi zowonda zamkati, henomeles mu mawonekedwe osaphika sagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya. Quince waku Japan amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma compotes, kusunga, kupanikizana.

Kwa nthawi yayitali iye anavutika, kututa zipatso za zidonia. Kuguba kopakasa sikunagonjere mpeniwo ndipo kunakana momwe mungathere. Njira yowongolera zidonia onunkhira imakhala yofanana ndi kuzunzidwa kozama, mpaka mnzake adapereka njira yosavuta yosavuta yopangira kupanikizana. Zipatso zosapsa za genomeles zimayenera kuyikidwa mu enamel poto, kutsanulira pang'ono madzi otentha, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro ndikuyika moto. Mphindi zochepa atawiritsa, zamkati zimaphika. Zomwe zili mu poto zimakhazikika ndikuti zidutse ndi colander. Zipinda zodyeramo zimawonongeka mosavuta ndipo chinsinsi cha zonunkhira zonunkhira zakonzeka. Shuga amawonjezeredwa kulawa. Ngati mukufuna, henomeles amaphatikizidwa ndi apulo, peyala kapena maula.

Ndimu ya kumpoto, mosiyana ndi thermophilic namesake, ndi chomera chosalemera. Sifunikira pakapangidwe dothi ndipo imamera ngakhale pamalo osauka. Imakhala ndi nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zambiri, oimira amtunduwu amakhala ndi mizu yakuya komanso nthambi, chifukwa chomwe amatha kulolera chilala. Pafupifupi palibe zowonongeka ndi tizirombo. Pali kawirikawiri zonena za kugonjetsedwa kwa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma ndulu a ndulu.

Kanema: za kukula kwa quince waku Japan

Kubzala quince ku Japan

Henomeles siokongola kwambiri. Zomwe ziyenera kuonedwa pokubzala mbande za quince za ku Japan ndizowunikira. Mthunzi, chomeracho chimabala zipatso zoyipitsitsa.

Kwa genomeles, malo owala ndi dzuwa, otetezedwa ku mphepo yakumpoto, amasankhidwa. Mutha kubzala mu April ndi nthawi yophukira. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa mumsewu wopitilira 90-100 cm, koma mbande imodzi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuzama kwa dzenje ndi masentimita 40, m'lifupi ndi masentimita 50. Muli nthaka acidity: pH 5.0-5.5. Nthochi zimakulanso pamadothi, kotero maenje obzala samakumba nthawi zonse, koma zimadziwika kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa humus mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1 kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa chipatso.

Olima ena amalimbikitsa kufupikitsa mizu ya mbande ndi 20-25 masentimita asanadzalemo ndikuwachitira ndi dongo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti safunika kudulidwa, koma m'malo mwake ndi fumbi la Kornevin kuti musavutike ndikamafika. Malangizo awa amangogwira ntchito pazomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yotseguka. Zokhala ndi mbande zimakhala ndi zovuta zobzala.

Mukamatera:

1. Kukumba dzenje 50x50x40 cm.
2. Humus imasakanizika ndi dothi poyerekeza 1: 1.
3. Amabzala chitsamba popanda kuzika khosi.
4. Amadzaza pansi, kupondaponda mwamphamvu ndikupanga bowo lothirira.
5. Madzi ambiri ndi mulch bwalo lozungulira.

Mukangobzala, chitsamba chimadulidwa mpaka 20-25 cm.

Kulinganiza kwa thunthu kumatsindika kukongola kwa tchire, kumatenga chinyezi ndikuletsa namsongole kukula

Kusindikizidwa kwa Japan Quince

Genomeles ikhoza kumalilidwa mosakhazikika ndi mbewu (mobereka). Pakumera kwachulukidwe, henomeles amasunganso mawonekedwe amitundu ya mayi. Koma kupeza mbande kwa mbewu zanu ndikofunikira. Amasinthidwa mikhalidwe yam'deralo, amakhala ndi katundu watsopano yemwe ndi wosiyana ndi makolo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati katundu.

Kuphatikizika kwamasamba a genomeles

Genomeles wofalitsidwa:

• kudula
• mbadwa
• masanjidwe
• kugawa chitsamba.

Njira zonsezi ndizosavuta.

Kudula

Zodulidwa mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe, kudulidwa kotsika 20-25 masentimita.

Kupeza zodula:

1. Dulani mphukira lignified kapena wobiriwira.
2. Chotsani impical apical.
3. Kutengera kutalika kwa mphukira, kudula kamodzi kapena zingapo kumakololedwa.
4. Adabzala pansi pakona kotero kuti impso ziwiri zinali mobisa.

Amabzyala m'malo obiriwira kuti azika mizu, kenako obzalidwa m'malo okhazikika.

Njira ina ndiyolowera kwa ine. M'nthaka yothiriridwa, ndimadzala phesi lakuya masentimita 10-15 pakadali 45^za padziko lapansi. Kuthirira. Nditseka pamwamba ndi mtsuko wama lita atatu. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisakhudze mtsukowo mpaka mphukira zitamera, kuti mukhale chinyezi chambiri. Pofika m'dzinja, chomera chokhacho chakonzeka. Ndikumuyika ndi humus ndikuphimba nthawi yozizira.

Kufalikira kwa genomeles ndi tsinde kudula

Kufalikira kwa mizu

Mbewu ya mbeuyo imalekanitsidwa ndi chitsamba ndikuyiyika pamalo oyenera. Njira yake siyovuta ngakhale kwa alimi oyamba kumene.

Quince wachijapani ndiosavuta kufalitsa ndi mizu

Kuyika

Anakula tchire la genomeles yotsika nthambi zocheperako zimapangidwa mosavuta ndi masanjidwe. Mphukira zimakonkhedwa ndi humus ndipo nthawi zina zimamwetsa madzi. Kuti mukhale ndi kudalirika kwakukulu, mutha kukumba poyambira, kuyika nthambi ndikuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wa humus. Popita nthawi yotentha, mitengo yodula mizu, ndipo kumapeto imatha kudzipatula ku chitsamba ndikubzala m'malo yatsopano.

Pali zosintha zina mwanjira iyi ya kubereka.

Kufalikira kwa chitsamba cha genomeles pafupi ndi zigawo

Gawo logawa

Quince waku Japan amadziwikanso pogawa chitsamba. Kuti muzuze bwino magawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza ndi Kornevin. Tchire lokha lomwe limapezeka mwanjira imeneyi silimazika mizu malo atsopano.

Kugawika kwa tchire sikufuna kuchita zambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa "ana" sikokwanira kwambiri

Kubala kwatsopano kwa Japan quince

Mbeu zatsopano za henomeles zithafesedwa m'thaka. Nthawi yomweyo, kumera kwawo kudzakhala kotsika. Mukabzala mbewu mu kasupe, stratation yozizira imafunika. Mbewu zimasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu mumchenga wonyowa kutentha kwa 0-3^zaC. Mbande zimapezeka chifukwa cha ntchito ya kuswana kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu.

Kudulira kwa Henomeles

Kutengera zolinga, pali zokolola:

• zopangika
• odana ndi ukalamba
• zaukhondo.

Wodzigwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito poti henomeles amakula ngati malire kapena mawonekedwe. Ili ndiye gawo la ntchito zamaluwa akatswiri. Kwa okhalamo a chilimwe ndi amateurs, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuphukira kwakukulu kumachitika pa mphukira yaying'ono ya Japan quince, kotero kuti nthambi zakale zimachotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri kusiya 13-15 akuwombera osapitirira zaka zinayi. Kuti muwale bwino chitsamba, nthambi zake zimachotsedwa. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika chaka chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba owundana, osweka ndi ofowoka amachotsedwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia amaimitsa nthambi zonse zomwe zili kunja kwa chipale chofewa. Pa gawo ili la mphukira, masamba a maluwa amafa, ndipo maluwa amawoneka pafupi ndi thunthu.

Kudulira kumachitika mchilimwe isanayambike kutuluka kwa madzi. Amayesanso kudulira kwa nyundo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pasanathe mwezi umodzi chisanachitike nyengo yozizira. Ena wamaluwa mu kugwa kwambiri amadula mphukira, osasiya masentimita 15 mpaka 35. Panthawiyi, chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira, ndipo kasupe amathiriridwa ndi maluwa mwachikondi.

Katemera

Pakakhala malo ochepa m'mundamo, koma pali chidwi chofuna kuwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya henomeles, amayamba katemera. Monga katundu, amagwiritsa ntchito mbande kapena mbewu zawo kuchokera kubanja lawo: quince, apulo, peyala. Pali kutchulidwa kwa phulusa la mapiri ndi masituni a hawthorn a henomeles.

Thirani

Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuganizira nthawi yomweyo malo omwe chitsamba cha henomeles chidzabzalidwe, kuyambira pamenepo nkovuta kuzika. Pali zifukwa zingapo. Chomera ichi chimakonda kudula, muyenera kudula mphukira kukumba m'tchire. Henomeles ali ndi mizu yamphamvu yomwe imapereka chomera kuti chizipulumuka nyengo yachilala, koma poika zinthu ndikosatheka kukumba chitsamba kuti singawononge mizu. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo atsopano, mbewu zobwezeretsedwa sizikhala mizu.
Pakubzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira kapena zigawo zanu. Komanso, zinthu zonse zomwe zimabzala zimasungidwa.

Kanema: Maganizo a wokonza dimba pa Japan quince kumuika

Momwe amakulira henomeles

Chiquacho cha ku Japan ndichosadabwitsa komanso chosasangalatsa. Imakula pamadothi osauka kwambiri ndikuthana ndi zovuta zakothirira. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yobzala ku Russia imagwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Pali zonena za nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo touluka tikawoneka, tchire liyenera kumaliliridwa katatu ndi Biotlin malinga ndi malangizo.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakubzala bwino, maluwa ndi zipatso za genomeles ndikuwala. Mthunzi, tchire limatulutsa bwino ndikubereka zipatso. Maluwa amakhudzidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa kuphimba kwa chipale chofewa. Ngati mphukira zikadalira chipale chofewa, pamenepo maluwa amafa, motero wamaluwa ena amalimbikitsa kuti nthambi zikhale zowongoka.

Ngati mumabzala tchire tosiyanasiyana tating'onoting'ono, mutha kupeza zipatso zochuluka chifukwa cha kupukutidwa kwa mbeu, komanso chifukwa chokopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu. Kumadera komwe kulibe tizilombo, tchire limatha kutulutsa, koma kukolola palibe. Kutula kwa genomeles kumayamba pazaka zitatu. Ngati chitsamba ndi chachikulire ndipo sichimabala zipatso, yankho la uchi wofooka nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa tizilombo. Supuni imodzi ya uchi wonunkhira imasungunuka mu lita imodzi yamadzi ndipo chitsamba chimapopera. Mutha kusinthanso mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zina.

Mwa kubzala mbewu zingapo, mutha kukolola zochuluka za henomeles

Akakulitsa henomeles chifukwa cha zipatso zonunkhira, amadyetsa tchire kuti akolole zochuluka. Kwa izi, feteleza wachilengedwe kapena michere amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Njira yosavuta ndikuphika bwalo bwalo ndi humus. Nthawi yomweyo, udzu umacheperachepera, ndipo nthaka imalandira zinthu zaphindu pakumwetsa chilichonse. Madzi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu kapena kuzimiririka. Ninja, comfrey, chums ndi zitsamba zina zimathiridwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 2, tsimikizani kwa masiku angapo mpaka nayonso mphamvu iyambe. Madzimadzimadzi amatengedwa, madzi amawonjezeredwa pawiri mpaka katatu ndipo amawayika pansi pa chitsamba. Ndipo manyowa amathiriridwa ndi madzi 1: 3, ndikusiyidwa kuti uwiritse, wokhazikika, kuchepetsedwa 1: 7 ndikuthirira.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral, amatsatira lamulo lonselo: nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mchaka, potashi ndi phosphorous angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira koyambirira kwa chilimwe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Zopopera feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo, pozindikira njira zotetezera. Omwe alimi ena amadyetsa tchire katatu kapena katatu pa nyengo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti musatengeke ndi feteleza wa mchere, koma ndibwino kubweretsa phulusa ngati 500 ml pach chitsamba chilichonse ndi theka la chidebe chovunda kapena manyowa pachitsamba chilichonse.

Zambiri zodzala ndi kusamalira madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza dera la Moscow, Siberia

Malinga ndi wamaluwa, zitsamba za henomeles zimatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka 30^zaC.Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukule quince waku Japan m'malo omwe kuli nyengo yozizira. Popewa kuzizira kwa mphukira, zimateteza mbewuzo kapena kukhomera nthambi pasadakhale kuti chitsamba chidzakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Kuti izi zitheke, zimakhomera nthambi pansi ndi matayala a waya kapena kumangoyang'ana mphukira ndikuyika katunduyo pamwamba.

Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kusankha malo owunikiridwa kumbali yakumwera kwa nyumbayo kapena malo akumwera, ngati malowo ali paphiri. Genomeles imamera dothi komanso dothi lowala. Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi kuthirira kumathandizira kukulira kukula ndikucha zipatso.

Okhala pachilimwe omwe amakonda kukhala kumapeto kwa sabata kumapeto kwa nyumbayo popanda kuvutikira ndi kulima, amangobzala chitsamba pamalo opaka dzuwa, kudulira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikuwathirira madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Madzi ena katatu konsekonse nyengo yonse ikalibe mvula.

M'malo otentha pang'ono, zipatso zimakololedwa zosapsa. Amacha pomwe agona.

Nyengo kudera la Moscow ndilofatsa, ndipo nthawi yotentha kulibe mavuto a genomeles. Amakhala ndi chilala kwanthawi yayitali, koma sichachilendo ku malo okhala. Ndikofunika kusamalira pobisalira tchire kuti masamba a maluwa asakhudzidwe m'nyengo yachisanu. Ngati simukwanitsa kufikira malowa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, musakhumudwe. Tchire limabwezeretseka mosavuta. Ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zobiriwira kasupe, ndipo henomeles adzakondwera ndi maluwa odulira.

Ku Western Siberia, nyengo imadziwika ndi kusintha kwakuthwa kwa kutentha. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotentha, kotero quince yaku Japan imathilira madzi kuti ovary isagwere. Kutsirira nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'zaka khumi za Juni ndi Julayi. Ngati kulibe mvula, mutha kubwereza kuthirira mu Ogasiti.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya genomeles

Genomeles ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi isanu. Zodziwika kwambiri mwa izo:

• Genomeles Katayansky;
• Genomeles Chijapani kapena quince Japanese (mofanizira: Henomeles Mauleia kapena quince otsika);
• Genomeles ndi wokongola;
• Genomeles wonyada kapena wapamwamba (superba).

Cofala kwambiri m'dziko lathu ndi quince waku Japan. Ndiwosazindikira kwambiri ndipo samapanga tchire lalitali. Kukula zamtundu wina ndizovuta.

Zambiri za mitundu ina ya henomeles:

• Msungwana wa Geisha - chitsamba chaching'ono chomwe chili ndi maluwa awiri pichesi. Chimakula mchimodzimodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mundawo m'minda imodzi ndi ensemble. Zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzosunga.
• Ndimu ya kumpoto, kapena Yukigoten. Genomeles osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa oyera awiri oyera. Kukula pang'onopang'ono. Pabwino chitsamba chofalikira. Zipatso zimacha mochedwa, zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la zipatso. Marmalade ndi jams zakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
• Tsido ndi shrub yaying'ono yokhala ndi maluwa a coral. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoberekera ku Latvia. Ndili wokongola ngati chomera chokongoletsera, ndipo chifukwa cha zipatso zake zambiri komanso kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira, imakulidwira popanga zipatso.

The Genomeles Albatross anaphatikizidwa mu State Register mu 2017. Izi ndi mitengo yopanda minga yokhala ndi maluwa oyera osavuta. Kukula kwa zipatso kumakhala pakati komanso kwakukulu. Pewani matenda ndi chilala. Adalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa kumadera a Central and Central Black Earth.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Ndimu ya Kumpoto - Gwero la Mavitamini ndi Zokongoletsa

Zipatso za genomeles zimafanana ndi quince mawonekedwe, ndikupikisana ndi mandimu onunkhira ndi mavitamini. Mwa kunyalanyaza komanso kukongola kwabwino kwa maluwa onenepa, amaonetsa mzimu wa Kummawa. Ndipo kukula izi ndikukhala bwino m'munda wanu sizovuta.