Mitundu ya chitumbuwa cha Zhukovskaya yakhala ikudziwika kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za 40 zapitazi chifukwa cha ntchito ya Institute of Genetics and Breeding yotchedwa Michurina. Mukamaweta Zhukovskaya anagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu kuchokera pa mungu. Poona kafukufuku, malongosoledwe ndi kuwunika kwawo, ma cherries aposa "makolo" mu zokolola komanso kukoma. Masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano yopangidwa bwino idapangidwa pamaziko a Zhukovskaya, koma mpaka pano chitumbuwa ichi ndi chotchuka ndipo chimalemekezedwa ndi omwe amalima.
Kufotokozera kwamatcheri Zhukovskaya
Mitengo ya Cherry ndi mbeu zokulirapo. Ma cherries a Zhukovskaya nawonso ndi osiyana ndi ena: kutalika kwa mtengowu kumafikira 2.5-3 mamita. Korona wamtengo wapakatikati wapakati amakhala wozungulira. Masamba obiriwira akuda okhala ndi denticles yaying'ono m'mphepete amapezeka pa petioles zofiirira zazitali. Masamba ake ndi opendekeka, ofanana ndi bwato lopendekera.
Thunthu ndi nthambi zake ndi zofiirira. Mphukira ndi zazing'ono, zazitali, zosagwirizana mwamphamvu pa mphukira. Maluwa oyera amafika 3 cm, omwe ali ndi zidutswa 5 mu inflorescence. Zipatso zazikulu zooneka ngati mtima zolemera kuyambira 4 mpaka 7 g zimamangidwa pamitengo yama maluwa. Mabulosi ali ndi thupi lonunkhira bwino lomwe ndipo amakoma pang'ono kutikumbutsa yamatcheri.
Mtengowo umayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka cha 4. Cherry amapereka zokolola zazikulu kwambiri pazaka 15 - ndiye kuti mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso 30 mpaka 30. Zokolola wamba ndi 10-12 kg.
Zipatso za chitumbuwa zimakhala ndi fupa lalikulu, lotsekeka bwino kuchokera ku zamkati
Zukovskaya yamatcheri ndi mitundu yamitengo yolimba yozizira; sanapangidwe kuti ikalimbe m'malo ozizira komanso nyengo yozizira. Maluwa amatha kufa pamtunda wotsika 0zaC. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ngakhale matanda amawombera.
Ngati mukukhala m'dera lotentha kwambiri, ndibwino kubzala mitengo yamtengo wapatali yozizira, monga Amorel koyambirira kapena Fertile Michurina.
Kuwononga mitengo ndi njira zopukutira mungu
Zhukovskaya amafunika mnansi wokhala ndi mungu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zipatso zitheke. Popanda iwo, mtengowo ungasangalale ndi maluwa oyera okhaokha, osati zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso. Mu Zhukovsky wopanda zipatso, maluwa satha kupukusa mungu wawo, chifukwa chake amafunikira thandizo la abale a maluwa. Pankhaniyi, kupukutira mungu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo komanso tizilombo. Ma pollinator oyenerera amitundu yamtunduwu ndi Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Apukhtinskaya, Molodezhnaya. Sakufunika kuti zibzalidwe m'dera lakwawo - ndikokwanira kuti iwo amabala ndi kubala zipatso mnansi.
Ngati palibe ma pollinators ofunikira pafupi, ndipo dera lamundawo silikulolani kuti mugule ndi kubzala mtengo wina, mutha kudzala nthambi yofunikira korona wa mtengowo. Zinthu zikafika povuta kwambiri, mangani botolo lamapulasitiki pamtengo, ndikuthira madzi ndikuyikaikamo maluwa a maluwa ofunikira osiyanasiyana.
Kubzala yamatcheri
Ndikwabwino kugula mbande za chitumbuwa mu nthawi yakugwa - nthawi ino ya chaka pali kusankha kwamitengo yamitengo yambiri. Komabe, ndikwabwino kwambiri kubzala m'nthaka mu nthawi yophukira, chifukwa mwina kuthekera kwa kugwa kwa chomera cha thermophilic sikudzakhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu isanakhazikike nyengo yozizira. Mmera womwe udagulidwa mu kugwa umayikidwa pakona pa 45za mu dzenje losaya, kuphimba mizu ndi makatoni, wosanjikiza pepala kapena chala, onjezerani pansi ndikuusunga mwanjira iyi mpaka kubzala kwa masika.
Mutha kusiya mbande ngakhale m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kufikira italowa pansi, komabe ndikofunika kuteteza mizu pakuwonongeka kwa makina ndikuzimitsa.
Saplings anagula mu kugwa, muyenera kukumba
Mwezi woyenera kwambiri kubzala mmera Zhukovskaya ndi Epulo. Malowa amasankhidwa ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kukula kwa pansi pa madzi - osachepera 2 mita.Kubzala mbewu yoyenera ya zipatso:
- Sankhani mbande zoyenera mdera lanu. Ndikwabwino kuzigula kumalo osungira kapena ku nazale. Mabuwa akuchulukira pamalo oyandikana nawo sapereka zokolola zambiri. Muzovuta kwambiri, sankhani zinthu zomwe zatalikirana kwambiri ndi thunthu - mizu yake imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba. Osagwiritsa ntchito mphukira kuchokera kumtengo wamtengowo - kuyeserera konse kungakhale kopanda pake, kungopeza masewera olusa.
Sankhani mbande zoyenera m'dera lanu
- Kumbani dzenje lakuya mpaka 0.5 m, mainchesi 80c. 80 Kukula kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa mizu ya chomera. Ngati dothi ndi acidic, onjezerani ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa la nkhuni pamenepo. Ngati mukufuna kubzala Zhukovskaya padongo kapena dothi louma, onjezani theka la mchenga.
Kukumba dzenje, yang'anani ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera
- Ikani mizu ya mmera mu dzenjelo kuti khosi la mizu lisakhale lalikulu kuposa mulingo woyambira. Fatsani mizu pofewa, kupewa zochuluka ndi zopaka.
- Valani mizu ndi topsoil yosakanikirana ndi superphosphate ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. Pendekerani pansi pang'ono ndi kusamalira dzenje la thunthu. Thirani madzi ndi madzi okhazikika: malita 15-20 adzakhala okwanira. Mukathirira, mulch malo ozungulira thunthu ndi utuchi.
Madzi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi madzi okhathamira
- Ngati mtengo ukufunika kuchirikizidwa, onjezerani chidutswa cha chitoliro, kulimbitsa kapena chikhomo ndikulimbikitsa chitumbuwa chamtsogolo ndi waya kapena chingwe chofewa m'malo awiri. Kapenanso, zikhomo ziwiri zimayendetsedwa ndipo mmera umakhazikika mbali zotsutsana. Chithandizocho chimakumbidwa mpaka kuya kwa mita, chizikhala pansi pamtengowo.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Kusamalira Cherry Zhukovskaya sikusiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira mitengo yazipatso zina. Onse okhala m'mundamo amafunika kuthirira panthawi yake, kulima ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Kuthirira ndi kumasula
Cherry - mbewu ndiyopirira chilala, koma kuthirira nthawi yake sikungavulaze:
- kuthirira koyamba kumachitika nthawi imodzi ndi mavalidwe apamwamba, mutangotulutsa maluwa;
- chachiwiri - panthawi yothira zipatso;
- kuthirira yozizira kumachitika pambuyo pakuponya masamba pakati pa Novembala.
Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa mvula, momwe nthaka iliri, kukula kwa mitengo komanso zaka zake.
Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, kumasula mosaya kwa nthawi yokwanira 2-3 ndikwanira, ndipo asanatsirire otsiriza, feteleza ofunikira amayikidwa, ndipo dothi lozungulira thunthu limakumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Zaka 4 zoyambirira, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amamugwiritsa ntchito kawiri pa nyengo: chisanu chikasungunuka komanso munthawi ya zipatso zokulira. Kenako amadya ndi urea kapena ammonium nitrate (50-60 g pa mtengo uliwonse). Fosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dzinja musanakumba (mu 3: 1).
Chakudya chabwino kwambiri ndicho kulowetsedwa kwa mullein ndi phulusa la nkhuni: kuthira 60-80 l, kuwonjezera ndowa yatsopano manyowa, 2 kg ya phulusa, kutsanulira zidebe za madzi a 5-6 ndikuwumirira kwa sabata limodzi. Kuthira madzi, phatikizirani feteleza wopezeka ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 5 ndikugwiritsira ntchito pansi pa mtengo (20-30 l) nthawi yakula ndi zipatso.
Zakudya zoterezi sizingakhale zothandiza kwa ma cherries okha, komanso mitengo ya zipatso iliyonse.
Kanema: Malamulo odulira zipatso osavuta
Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi matenda ndi omwe amayenda nawo
Masamba, mphukira zazing'ono ndi zipatso zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuwona kwa holey (kleasterosporiosis). Magawo odwalawo amakutidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. Popita nthawi, masamba amakhala opanga bwino, ndipo zipatsozo zimasiya kuwoneka bwino ndikugwa. Pomenya nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa. Pakadutsa masiku 10 mpaka 14 atatulutsa maluwa, mitengo imathandizidwa ndi 3% Bordeaux fluid kapena 1% HOM fungosis. Mukamakonza, tsatirani kuchuluka ndi malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa mu malangizo.
Akakhudzidwa ndi zowola za imvi, masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimawuma, malo a lesion amakhala ngati mawotchi owotcha. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso ndi masamba sizipuntha, koma spores imakutidwa ndi imvi. Mankhwalawa amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito iron sulfate (150 g pa malita 5 a madzi), kukonzekera kwa HOM (20 mg pa malita 5 a madzi) kapena 3% yankho la Bordeaux. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, masamba ndi zipatso zimatsukidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Zhukovskaya imalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, makamaka cococycosis, koma osatetezedwa ku tizirombo ta mitengo yazipatso.
Gome: Tizilombo ta Cherry ndi Njira
| Tizilombo ta Cherry | Zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa | Njira Zowongolera ndi Kupewa |
| Kuuluka kwa Cherry | Akawonongeka ndi ntchentche yowuluka, zipatsozo zimataya mtundu wawo, kuzimiririka ndi kuwonongeka. Mphutsi za ntchentche zimameta zamkati za chipatso. |
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| Chikopa chaCalifornian | Amawononga mbali zonse za mtengo: thunthu, masamba, nthambi ndi zipatso. Chimadyera pamadzi chomera. Malo ofiira amawonedwa pazipatsozo, thunthu la mtengo limapinda, masamba ndi nthambi zimafa. Ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala tokha. |
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| Cherry wowoneka bwino | Gulugufeyu ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mibadwo iwiri imachitika mu chaka. Mphutsi zimatha kukuta gawo lobiriwira la tsamba, ndikusiya mafupa amodzi, omwe amatsogolera pakufa kwa gawo lalikulu la korona wamtengowo. |
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Zithunzi Zojambula: Matenda a Cherry ndi Tizilombo
- Kleasterosporiosis imatchulidwanso dzenje.
- Kuola kwa imvi kumapangitsa zipatso kukhala zosatheka
- Mphutsi zamtchire zimatha kubera mtengo gawo lalikulu korona
- Kuuluka kwa Cherry kumayala mphutsi zomwe zimadya zamkati za zipatso
Kanema: momwe mungachiritsire yamatcheri ku matenda
Ndemanga zamitundu yamatcheri Zhukovskaya
Zhukovskaya - wokoma, wofiirira wakuda, kukula kwa Mnyamata. Sindinasangalale kuti zipatsozo ziwoneke ndipo zakutidwa ndi mawanga amdima (mwina anali iye amene andipweteka). Adatuluka.
Qwert12031958//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-73
Wanga Zhukovskaya nyengo yozizira iyi (wobzalidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010). Kukula kudayamba mu kugwa. Pa zophuka, kuzizira kwamphamvu kwa nkhuni (cambium idatsalira moyo, pakati ndi yofiirira, yophulika mosavuta). Osachita maluwa. Tsopano amapereka "zokonzedwa" zopindulitsa. Osati mitundu yosakhazikika kwambiri yozizira, kuyiyika pang'ono pang'ono, ngati Turgenevka.
Andrey Vasiliev//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=1148&start=900&view=print
Ndili ndi Zhukovskaya, koma ndidakali wamng'ono, sindinachite pachimake ngakhale kamodzi. Ndinagula pazifukwa zakukongola ndi mtundu wamatcheri - pafupifupi wakuda, wamkulu.
Ekaterina Beltyukova//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148
Cherry Zhukovskaya ndi woimira bwino kusankhidwa kwanyumba. Mtengowu sufunsa kuyang'aniridwa wokha, koma ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zofunika zina. Ogwira ntchito yocheperako, ndipo chitumbuwa chimakondweretsa olimi olimbika ogwira ntchito ndi zipatso zokoma zomwe zimakopa aliyense.
