Mitundu ya Gooseberry Masheka: malongosoledwe, zinthu zina zazing'ono komanso zovuta zina pakulima kwake

Gooseberry Mashek adasankhidwa ndi alimi aku Belarusi zaka 20 zapitazo, ndipo mpaka pano, mitunduyi ndi imodzi mwazokonda pakati pa olima dimba. Timayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokongola, mawonekedwe okongola komanso, chifukwa cha kukoma kosangalatsa kwa zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso za Masha zili paliponse, zili bwino komanso zatsopano, komanso pokonzekera.

Kufotokozera jamu zosiyanasiyana Mashek

Gooseberry Masheka - mitundu yosankhidwa ya Belarusi, yomwe idapangidwa ndi A.G. Volzunev - wasayansi wotchuka-wazachipatala, dokotala wa sayansi ya zaulimi. Woweta adabweretsa mitundu yambiri ya jamu, pomwe Masheka akuti ndi imodzi yabwino kwambiri.

Mu nyengo, tchire la jamu la Mashek limakulidwa ndi zipatso

Osiyanasiyana adalandira dzina lake polemekeza ngwazi ya zaluso zaku Belarus, wakuba komanso woteteza onse oponderezedwa ndi dzina la Mashek.

Maonekedwe a tchire

Tchire la gooseberry Mashek - lakuda komanso lophuka - limawoneka bwino, makamaka panthawi yopanga zipatso. Zomera ndizovomerezeka. Mphukira wobiriwira wonyezimira wobiriwira umakula mosabisikira. Nthambi sizili ndi pubescent, zomwe zimakhala ndi chikasu chofiirira. Masamba ophika amaso amtundu wobiriwira, amakhala achikopa komanso makwinya, amakhala ndi Sheen pang'ono. Mano omwe ali m'mphepete mwake ndi opanda pake komanso achidule. Ovaries osati pubescent, osalemba.

Mashaeka zipatso ndi lalanje.

Gome: mawonekedwe a chipatso

Gome: zabwino ndi zoyipa za gooseberry Mashek

Zobisika za kubzala ndi ukadaulo waulimi

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Masheka adzapatsa eni ake zipatso zokoma ndi zonunkhira, ngati mutapereka chisacho chisamaliro chofunikira ndikusankha malo oyenera kubzala.

Koyambira

Kubzala Masha, sankhani malo osalala komanso owala, otetezedwa ku mphepo. Madzi oyandikira pansi sayenera kugona pafupi ndi 1.5 m pamwamba.

Gooseberry Mashek adalimbikitsa kubzala pamalo athyathyathya komanso owala

Dothi lomwe lili m'deralo chifukwa chobzala gooseberries liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono, lachonde komanso lotayirira. Ngati dothi lili ndi mchenga kapena dongo, ndiye kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pokhapokha poyambira kusintha. Chaka chisanafike kubzala, makilogalamu 15 a feteleza organic pa 1 mita ayenera kuyikiriridwa ndi dothi lamchenga² (imatha kukhala humus, manyowa kapena kompositi), komanso dongo, kuwonjezera pazinthu zachilengedwe, kuwonjezera mchenga. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa alangizidwanso kuti awonjezere 50 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 40 g ya superphosphate iwiri pa 1 mita².

Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe chimalolera acidity ya gawo lapansi m'malo mwake, ngati pH yake ndiyotsika kuposa 5.5, ndikofunikira kupanga liming. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri pacholinga chake ndi ufa wa dolomite (kuchuluka kwa ntchito - 1.5 makilogalamu pa 1 mita²).

Mukabzala liti komanso motani

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amalangizo kuti abzale jamu mu kugwa, pafupi mwezi umodzi isanayambike chisanu. Ndi masiku obzala amenewa, mbewuyo imatha kuzika mizu komanso kulekerera kuzizira nthawi yozizira. Komanso chovomerezeka kubzala mbande za Mashaeka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe masamba asanatseguke, koma pamenepa, ana a goose zipatso ayenera kukhala ophatikizika.

Pa tsamba lomwe mwasankha muyenera:

1. Kumbani dothi ndikuchotsa udzu wonse.
2. Zomera ziyenera kuyikidwa patali pafupifupi 1-1,5 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
   

   Mbande za gooseberry ziyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi 1-1,5 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake

3. Kukumba mabowo ofanana ndi 50x50x50 cm.
4. Onjezerani chidebe chimodzi cha kompositi kapena manyowa owola bwino m'nthaka, komanso 40 g wa potaziyamu sulfate kapena 1.5 tbsp. phulusa la nkhuni, 100-120 g wa superphosphate.
5. Feteleza wosakanizika ndi dothi ndikudzaza dzenjelo mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku.
6. Phimbani michere ndi dothi wamba ndikumunyowetsa.
7. Ikani mmera mu dzenje osapendekeka ndikuzama masentimita 5 kuposa momwe lidaliri kale.
   

   Mukabzala, mmera uyenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka masentimita 5 kuposa momwe unalili kale.

8. Dzazani mizu mu dzenje lobzala popanda feteleza, pang'ono pompopompo pamwamba ndikutsanulira (0,5 ndowa yamadzi).
9. Pomaliza mudzazeni ndi dothi, pangani bowo mozungulira mmera ndi madziwo (ndowa 0,5).
10. Sakanizani chitsime ndi humus, peat kapena nthaka youma kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
11. Chepetsa zonse, ndikusiya masentimita 5-7 pamwamba pa nthaka.
12. Phimbani zigawo ndi var var. Izi ndizofunikira kuti chomera chaching'ono chisawonongedwe ndi tizirombo.

Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo, mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, mizu imalimba, ndipo pokhapokha theka lachiwiri la chilimwe mphukira zimayamba kukula, ndipo Mashek adzapatsa zipatso zoyambirira pachaka cha 3. Kupanga zipatso zonse za jamu kumachitika pomwe nthambi 15-30 zolimba ndi zaumoyo zimapangidwa pa icho (mchaka cha 5 cha moyo).

The kusiyanitsa chisamaliro

Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za Mashek otsekemera ndi wowawasa Mashek, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri. Ngati mumatsatira kwambiri dongosolo la agrotechnical, ndiye kuti mutha kukwanitsa zipatso zambiri kwa zaka 18-20. Njira zomwe zikwaniritse izi ndizosavuta ndipo zimapezeka kwa aliyense wolima. Uku ndikuthirira nthawi yake, kudyetsa ndikupanga kudulira kwa chitsamba.

Madzi ochulukirapo

Gooseberry Masheka adalengezedwa ndi omwe adampanga ngati chomera chololera chilala, koma chimafuna chinyezi chambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Ndioyenereradi cholinga ichi pothira ulimi wothirira komanso kukapanda kuleka (ngati mbeu zingapo zibzalidwe mzere pamalowo). Njira ina yabwino yonyowetsa nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba ndi kuthirira m'madzi. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Amakumba timiyendo tating'ono kuzungulira tchire mozungulira masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera pansi.
2. 20 mamilimita amadzi amathiridwa mu poyambira iliyonse. Madzi safunika Kutenthedwa; mizu ya jamu saopa kuzizira.
3. Gawo lonyowa liyenera kuzikika ndi udzu wouma, udzu kapena utuchi.

M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira ndikofunikira (zidebe za 3-5 pach chitsamba chilichonse).

Kuyatsa ndikulimbikitsa kuti iyimitsidwe isanayambitse zipatso. Chinyontho chowonjezera panthawiyi chimasokoneza kusakanikirana kwa shuga mu chipatso, chifukwa zipatso zake zimadzakhala zamchere komanso zamchere.

Kuthirira kwambiri m'matangadza ndi njira yabwino yoperekera mizu ya jamu ndi chinyezi chofunikira.

Wina madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitika mu kugwa (20-25 malita pansi pa tsekwe chimodzi chitsamba). Zomera zimayankha bwino nthawi yozizira. Umodzi womwe umadziwika kuti umalipira madzi uthandizira chithandizochi kuti chithandizire mbewuyo kulolera kuzizira nthawi yachisanu.

Timadyetsa

Kugwiritsa ntchito pa nthawi yonseyi michere ndi michere yachilengedwe kumakhazikika pokhazikika komanso kumathandiza kukaniza matenda omwe mitundu ingathenso kuigwira.

Malamulo odyetsa:

1. Zidziwike kuti michere yomwe idalowetsedwa mu dzenje lobzala mukabzala mmera idzakwanira zaka zitatu zoyambira. Ndiye, m'dzinja, kamodzi pa zaka 2-3 zilizonse, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse cha jamu, ndikofunikira kupanga pafupifupi 6 kg wa feteleza, 20 g ya superphosphate ndi 1/1 chikho cha phulusa la nkhuni pa 1 mita².
2. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, asanakhale maluwa, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalangiza kudyetsa chikhalidwe ndi ammonium nitrate (15 g pa 1 mita² - kwa tchire tating'ono, 20-25 g - okhwima.

Ndi zoperewera zokwanira, masamba mofanananira kumayambiriro, ngakhale m'chilimwe, amapeza mtundu wosazolowereka (utoto wachikuda m'mphepete mwa tsamba kapena lofiirira kapena masamba a violet pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba). Ngati mungapeze zotere pa chomera, dyetsani Masheka mwachangu, monga masamba a chitsamba chabwino amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.

Chepetsa ndi mawonekedwe amajamu

Kudulira kumathandizira kupanga chitsamba chokhazikika, kupeza zipatso zazikulu ndikukhalabe wokolola bwino. Chodabwitsa cha Masha ndikuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mizu yambiri, chifukwa chomwe chitsamba chimakhala chokhazikika ndipo mtundu ndi zipatso zambiri zimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwawo kumachedwetsedwa mpaka nthawi yophukira ndipo malekezero a zophukazo samakhwima bwino. Mphukira za zipatso zimayikidwa pa mphukira za chaka chatha, pomwe zipatso zazikulu zamabulosi zimayikidwa mu mphukira za 1-2th dongosolo la nthambi ndi nthambi za zipatso zazaka 1-2, pomwe zipatso zazikuluzikulu zitatu zimatha kupanga nthambi imodzi, pomwe nthambi zakale zimangokulira chipatso chimodzi chaching'ono.

Kudulira koyenera kumathandiza kupanga chitsamba chodzaza ndi zipatso zazikulu

Kuti zipatso za Masha zikhale zokoma komanso zazikulupo, kusanja bwino ndi kudulira mwaukhondo kuyenera kuchitika. Malamulo oyambira ndi motere:

1. Chaka chimodzi mutabzala mmera mu yophukira, kudula mphukira pansi, kusiya 3-5 mwamphamvu.
2. Muzaka zotsatila, kudula mphukira zonse zofooka pachaka (mphukira zoyambira), kusiya masamba atatu athanzi.
3. Pa tchire tokhwima, chotsani nthambi zonse zopanda zipatso.
4. Ngati pali zophuka zabwino pansi pa mphukira yakale, ndiye kudula pamwamba pa mphukira pamwamba pa nthambi.
5. Chotsani nthambi zonse zosweka, zoponderezedwa, zofooka komanso zosabereka za m'badwo uliwonse.

Tchuchu zochulukitsa kwambiri tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zidulidwe pang'onopang'ono, ndikupangitsanso pang'ono nthambi zomwe mulibe mizu.

Kudulira kolimbikitsidwa m'dzinja

Mukapanga chomera chachikulire (choposa zaka 10), pamakhala zodabwitsa. Mukamakola chitsamba chotere:

• timachotsa mphukira zazifupi zonse pachaka zomwe zimamera pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya nthambi 3-5 zopangidwa bwino mu gawo laling'ono;
• nsonga za mphukira za zipatso zimadulidwa kuti zikhale nthambi yoyambika bwino;
• Nthambi zomwe zinasiya kupatsa zipatso, zomwe zinadulidwa kumapeto.
• koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, tsinani nthambi za chigoba ndi masentimita 5. Njira iyi imakuthandizani kuti mulimbikitse kuyika kwa maluwa ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa nyengo yachisanu.

Kudulira kukalamba kwa tchire tokhwima kumachitika zaka zitatu zilizonse.

Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu

Masheka ndi mtundu wosakhazikika nthawi yachisanu, koma zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kuzizira kwambiri zimafunikiranso kuphimbidwa. Kuthandizira gooseberries nthawi yachisanu bwino, akatswiri azaulimi amalimbikitsa kuti kuthirira kwamadzi kuthiridwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Mu nyengo ya chipale chofewa ndikofunikira kuti mudzaze tchire ndi chipale chofewa ndikuwapondaponda mozunguliza. Njira yabwino yosungira chipale chofewa ndikumawaza ndi dothi kapena utuchi.

Kanema: chisamaliro cha jamu

Matenda okhudza jamu zosiyanasiyana Masheka

Olemba mitundu ya Masheka akuti ma jamu amagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta zambiri. Komabe, pamikhalidwe yovuta, imakhudzidwa ndi matenda wamba monga anthracnose, septoria ndi powdery hlobo.

Gome: matenda ndi njira zowathetsera

Zithunzi Zithunzi: matenda omwe ali ndi jamu Mashek

Kutolera, kunyamula ndi kusungira zipatso

Gooseberry Masheka ali ndi ma spikly prikes, kotero muyenera kukolola ndi magolovu kuti mudziteteze ku mabala ndi mabala. Atafika kukhwima, zipatsozo zimasanduka zofiirira. Sizimatha kuthengo, choncho zipatso zonse zimatha kusungidwa nthawi imodzi.

Zipatsozi zimakhazikika pachimphukira, kusunga mawonekedwe awo ndi kulawa ngakhale pazovuta, mwachitsanzo, nyengo yamvula.

Ngati mukufuna kusuntha ma jamu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kusankha zipatso pang'ono (pafupifupi sabata lisanakhale chikapsa). Amayala mabasiketi kapena mumapulasitiki osatseka chivindikiro. Mwanjira imeneyi, zipatsozi zimatha kusungidwa kwa masiku atatu.

Gooseberries amatha kukhala mwatsopano kwa milungu iwiri mufiriji. Kuti muchite izi, amamasulidwa kumanda ndi masamba, kutsukidwa ndikuikidwa m'matumba apulasitiki opaka, i.e. kulongedza ndi mpweya wabwino.

Mashek gooseberries ndi abwino osati abwino, komanso kupanikizana kapena kupanikizana

Pakusungirako kwanthawi yayitali, zipatso zimatha kuzizira kapena kuphika. Gooseberries amapanga kukonzekera bwino ndi kukoma kosangalatsa wowawasa: kupanikizana, ma compotes, kusunga.

Wamaluwa amawunika gooseberries Mashek

Ndimaona mitundu ya Mashek kukhala yodetsedwa kwambiri kukhala yosavutitsa, ndiyatsopano komanso yokoma. Ndilichotsa limodzi ndi mitundu ina ya sing'anga kukoma.

Nelly

//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-427-p-6.html

Masha ndiwokongola, mtundu wa zipatso ndi wosowa kwambiri. Mukudutsa, mudzaimadi. Ndipo kukoma kwake ndi kwa amateur, imodzi siyabwino kwambiri, pomwe enawo amangosangalala.

mpainiya 2

//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-427-p-6.html

Maluwawo amakhala ofiira, otalika, okulirapo kuposa apakati. Peel yosasankhidwa, yopyapyala, njere zazing'ono, kukoma kokoma ndi wowawasa, kupita kokoma. Ndikula popanda mankhwala. Tchire limakulira, ndikofunikira kuti liwomboledwe. Nthambi zimagona chifukwa cha kulemera kwa zipatso - mukufunika kuthandizidwa. Kututa mu khumi zoyambirira za Julayi.

Michailo

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/14888/page-26

Ndinakumbukira mtundu wina wodabwitsa wa jamu - Mashek, m'malingaliro anga, ndi Belarus.

Tamara

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=971&start=240

Mitundu ya jamu ya ku Belarus Mashek ili ndi zokayikitsa. Imakhala ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zipatso zokongola kwambiri. Masheka ndi nthawi yozizira komanso yabwino kulimidwa m'chigawo chapakati. Chipatsochi chimabala zipatso pafupifupi zaka 20, pomwe chisamaliro cha jamu ndi chocheperako, ndikokwanira kuchititsa nthawi zonse musanakhazikitse zipatso mutatsika masamba.