Masamba akuda: momwe mungakulire zipatso zokoma mtundu wausiku? Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amitundu yazipatso zakuda

Raspberries wakuda nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi mabulosi akuda, kuwaganizira amodzi ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi. Komabe, izi ndizomera zosiyana zosiyana kwambiri komanso, mosiyanasiyana, njira zingapo zaulimi. Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba akuda sizikadali zachilendo m'minda yamaluwa ku Russia, koma zipatso zosawoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino zamtundu wakuda zikukula kwambiri pakati pa okonda dimba.

Mbiri yakula rasipiberi wakuda

Mitundu ya rasipu yachikhalidwe imakhala ndi zipatso zofiira, koma pali mbewu zokhala ndi lalanje, violet, chikasu komanso zipatso zakuda. Mosiyana ndi mabulosi akuda, omwe masamba a aronia amasokonezedwa nthawi zambiri, zipatso zake zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi phesi, womwe ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zikhalidwe.

Raspberries wa Aronia amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira pomwe amakhala osapsa ndipo zipatso zakupsa zimasanduka zakuda

Rasipiberi wakuda amakula osati m'minda, komanso amapezeka mwachilengedwe. Mtengowu umamera m'nkhalango za kum'mawa kwa North America, makamaka, umafalitsidwa kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto kwa Illinois, USA. Malo okhala - m'nkhalango zowola, malire m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mulinso nkhokwe zazikulu za rasipiberi zakuda pamalo otseguka.

Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe a mbewu

Rasipiberi wakuda ndi shrub yamuyaya yomwe imamera mphukira mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Pambuyo pake, njira zamtsogolo zimawonekera pa iwo, ndipo zimayambira zimayamba kugwa. Maluwa ndi zipatso zimangowoneka pa mphukira za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Poyamba, zimayambira zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira, nthawi yachisanu imakhala yolumikizidwa ndikupeza tint yofiirira. Mphukira iliyonse imakutidwa ndi nsanja zazifupi zopindika.

M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, njira zazifupi zimafalikira pamapazi, zomwe zimatha ndi manja a masamba. Masamba amakhala ndi ma lobes 5, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe komanso ali ndi mano ang'ono m'mphepete. Mbali yakumtunda kwa tsamba lililonse imakhala ndi mphamvu yozizira, ndipo pansi pake pamakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi.

Maluwa akuda rasipiberi amakhala m'mabrashi.

Maluwa amakhala m'magulu mumabampu. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi miyala yoyera 5, manda obiriwira asanu ndi mitundu yambiri. Mitambo ya petals ndi yopanda pake kapena yodutsa, ndipo manda ndi atatu. Amakhala ndi kutalika kofanana. Nthawi yamaluwa imachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo imatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.

Zipatsozo zimakhala zoyera kale, kenako zimakhala zofiira, kenako, ndikapsa, ndikupeza mtundu wakuda bii. Mafupa ofunikira omwe amapanga chipatsocho amakhala okoma ndipo amawuma pang'ono, amakoka mosavuta kuchokera ku tsinde.

Gome: mawonekedwe a chipatso

Kuphatikizika kwa biochemical kwa raspberries wakuda ndikosiyana ndi kufiyira. Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini P ndi P-yogwira ntchito kumathandizira kuteteza maselo kuukalamba, kusintha chitetezo chathupi, komanso kusintha magazi m'thupi. Koma katundu wofunika kwambiri wa ma raspberries akuda, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti amatha kuchita bwino polimbana ndi khansa.

Gome: kusiyana pakati pa rasipiberi wakuda ndi mabulosi akutchire

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: kusiyana pakati pa raspberries wakuda ndi mabulosi akuda

Kusiyana kwa rasipiberi wakuda kuchokera ku mitundu yachikhalidwe ndi zipatso zofiira

1. Zipatso za rasipiberi wakuda zimakoma kwambiri kuposa zofiira, mitundu ina imakhala ndi uchi kapena fungo lamtundu wakuda.
2. Masamba akuda amakhala ndi zokolola zapamwamba, pafupifupi 4 kg za zipatso zimatha kusungidwa pachitsamba chimodzi.
3. Chomera chimatha kukaniza chilala.
4. Zipatso zakuda sizikuntha kwa nthawi yayitali.
5. Zomera sizipanga mizu.
6. Aronia rasipiberi amatha kuteteza matenda wamba pachikhalidwecho ndipo samawonongeka ndi tizirombo.
7. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zofiira.

Zipatso zakuda rasipu zimawoneka zosowa kwambiri

Zosiyanasiyana Zamtundu wakuda

Otsala amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti apange mitundu yatsopano ya raspulosi wakuda, yomwe imawoneka ngati yopatsa zipatso. Chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwawo, zinthu zatsopano nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pamsika.

• Cumberland. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya raspberries wakuda. Inapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX ndipo mpaka pano ndiyomwe akutsogolera. Cumberland wakuda rasipiberi ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola chitsamba okhala ndi mapangidwe okongola. Zosiyanasiyana sizimapanga mizu, motero tchire silimera. Zabwino poyerekeza ndi hybrids zamakono ndi mitundu sizikukwera kwambiri, mbewu imangopereka zipatso 200 mpaka 500 g kuchokera ku chitsamba;
• Airlie Cumberland. Zipatso za mitundu iyi ndizokulirapo kuposa mitundu ya Cumberland, yomwe idakhala m'modzi mwa makolo a mitundu iyi ya rasipiberi wakuda. Kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi 2-2.2 g zipatso za Airlie Cumberland ndizowoneka mozungulira, zojambulidwa zakuda ndi zofiirira, zimakoma kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino;
• Ngodya. Mitundu yoyambirira ya kusankhidwa kwanyumba. Mphukira ndi zazitali, mpaka 2,5 m ndikugwada, ndikupanga khonde. Zovala zazing'ono ndizochepa. Zipatsozo ndizochepa kwambiri, koma yowutsa mudyo, ndizosangalatsa ndi wowawasa wokoma ndi kununkhira. Zabwino ku Ugolka ndizambiri, mitundu yake imagwirizana ndi chilala komanso chisanu;
• Mnyamata. Mphukira amakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya rasipiberi wakuda, Boysenberry alibe spikes. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owumbika, ndizambiri kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake ndi otentha. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino ndipo zimalekerera chisanu bwino;
• Bristol Zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa ngati zabwino kwambiri. Zipatsozi zimanunkhira bwino ndipo ndizambiri. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo ndi ozungulira, pansi ndi yokutidwa ndi buluni;
• Logan Yatsopano. Ololera kwambiri komanso oyambirira kucha ndi zipatso zabwino komanso zokoma kwambiri. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa mamilimita 2. Chimalekerera chisanu molakwika, kotero mbewuyo imafunikira malo ena owonjezera m'nyengo yozizira;
• Litach. Mitundu yoyambirira ya rasipiberi wakuda omwe amabadwa ndi obereketsa aku Poland. Tchire ndi lolimba, lolimba ndi lopindika lopindika limakulungidwa ndi malo akulu akulu. Zipatso za mawonekedwe ozungulira zimakutidwa ndi imvi;
• Zabwino zonse. Zopanga zamtundu wakuda zamtunduwu ndizapamwamba, mpaka 6 kg za zipatso zosankhidwa pakati zingachotsedwe pachitsamba chimodzi, kulemera kwawo pafupifupi 1.7-1.8 g;
• Mphatso ya Siberia. Mabasi a rasipiberi akuda amtunduwu ndi amtali komanso amphamvu. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri, koma sizili zazikulu kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa chipatso chimodzi kumakhala pafupifupi 1.6 g. Ubwino wa Mphatso ya Siberia ndiko kukaniza kwake tizirombo ndi matenda wamba;
• Kutembenukira. Zipatso zokhala ndi zamkati zamkati,, zimatha kulekerera mayendedwe ataliatali. Kupanga pafupifupi 5.4 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse. Nthawi ya zipatso ndiyifupi;
• Jewel wakuda. Ma rasipiberi amtunduwu, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ndiowongoka. Black Jewel ndi nthawi yozizira komanso yabwino kwambiri. Zipatsozo zimapakidwa zakuda, zimakhala ndi zokutira zabluu. Kapangidwe kake kali kozungulira, misa imafikira 2.5 g. Kukoma kwake kumakhala kokoma ndi kununkhira kwa mabulosi akuda.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mitundu Yakuda ya rasipiberi

Kanema: Black Raspberry Cumberland

Zambiri zodzala mbande zakuda rasipiberi

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuyamba kubzala mbande zakuda rasipiberi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati muchita njirayi mu kugwa, mbewu zosakhwima sizimavutika chisanu ndi kufa. Kuyika rasipiberi, mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo dzuwa, chifukwa chomera sichimalekerera ngakhale pang'ono.
2. Kubzala rasipiberi wakuda kuyikiratu ndi kufiyira pachikhalidwe, popeza mbewu zimatha kukhala fumbi ndipo m'malo mwa zipatso zakuda mumapeza zipatso zofiirira komanso zofiira.
3. Madzi ozizira sayenera kugona pafupi ndi nthaka, pobzala rasipiberi wakuda paphiri, panthaka yopanda chonde.

Kubzala rasipiberi wakuda: malangizo ndi masitepe

1. Konzani dzenje lakufika. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 0.5 m mulifupi ndi kuya.
   

   Kukula kwa dzenjelo kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 50 cm komanso mulifupi

2. Konzani gawo lapansi lokhala ndi michere kuchokera pamwamba padziko lapansi, humus, mchenga ndi phulusa lamatabwa poyerekeza 2: 1: 1: 0.5.
3. Finyani dothi losanjikiza ndi feteleza pansi pa dzenjelo ndikumunyowetsa.
   

   Gawo lamankhwala lazinthu limathiridwa mu dzenje lobzala kuchokera pamwamba lapansi, humus, mchenga ndi phulusa lamatabwa

4. Onetsetsani bwino mizu ya mmera, ikani dzenje ndikuyala ndi lapansi.
5. Onjezani kubzala kwanu.
6. Mbande zitha kukhazikitsidwa mu mzere. Raspberries wakuda amabzalidwa muminga ndikuzama kuya kwa 0.5 m. Pangotsala pang'ono mamita 0.5 pakati pa mbewuzo, ndi pakati pa mizere 1-1.5 m.
   

   Malita osachepera 0,5 amatsala pakati pa mbewu, ndi 1-1,5 mamita pakati pa mizere

Chizindikiro cha rasipiberi wakuda ndikuti sichifalitsa ndi mizu, ndiye kuti, chikhalidwecho sichingabowolere.

Chisamaliro

Masamba obiriwira amaonedwa ngati mbewu yosasangalatsa. Kusamalira izo kumatsikira kumatulira, kuthirira angapo ndi kuvala kwapamwamba pamsika. Ndipo tchire lophika bwino lomwe ndi mphukira zokongoletsedwa bwino lidzasanduka chokongoletsera malowa, kukopa chidwi.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Panyengo, chikhalidwe chimafunika zovala zitatu zapamwamba. Njirayi imayamba pomwe mbewuyo yatulutsa. Kuti muchite izi, pangani kulowetsedwa kwa ndowa (gawo limodzi mpaka magawo 16 amadzi) kapena manyowa (1: 6). Kuti 10 l okonzekeretsa michere yankho kuwonjezera 1 l nkhuni phulusa ndi 50 g ya superphosphate. Pansi pa chitsamba cha rasipiberi wakuda amapanga chidebe chimodzi cha feteleza, ndikuthira mozungulira kuzungulira kwa kubzala. Mutatha kuphatikiza manyowa, dothi limanyowa kwambiri. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chokhala ndi yankho lomwelo chimachitika nthawi yakupanga zipatso, ndipo chachitatu - zitatha kutola zipatso zoyambirira.

Kulenga kwamathandizo ndi mawonekedwe a kulima

Mphukira za rasipiberi wakuda ndizitali kwambiri, mchaka choyamba mutabzala, zimakula, ndipo chachiwiri zimatenga ngati chipilala. Nthawi yomweyo, nsonga, zokhudza nthaka, zimatha kuzika mizu, chifukwa chodzala chadzadzulidwa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achikhalidwechi, ndikofunikira kusamalira chithandizi chithandizi musanadye. Kuti muchite izi, waya trellis. Kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa mzere, nsanamira zamatabwa zimakumbidwa pafupifupi 2 m, pomwe waya wolimba umamangiriridwa m'mizere itatu, ndikuyikhazikitsa pamtunda wa 0.5 m, 1.8 m ndi 2.1 m.

Njira ina yothandizira michere yamphamvu ikhoza kukhala chipilala. Imayikidwa pakati pa tchire ziwiri, ndipo zimayambira zimamangika pazomangamanga. Kupanga uku sikugwira ntchito kokha, komanso kukongoletsa kwambiri.

Mphukira za rasipiberi wakuda zimakula nthawi yayitali ndikukupindika, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira chithandizo chisanachitike

Kudulira wakuda rasipiberi kumachitika kawiri pachaka: kachitidwe koyamba kumapeto kwa June, ndipo lachiwiri kumapeto kwa yophukira. Mukamapangira kudulira kwa chilimwe, gawo lodetsa nkhawa limadulidwa kutalika kwa 1.7 m. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwamitengo yamaofesi, omwe amatha kufikirako mpaka zidutswa 6-8, zomwe zithandizira zipatso zamtchire. Panyengo yophukira, ndikofunikira kudula mphukira wazaka 2 zomwe zalengeza kale. Ndipo zitsamba za 1 zakubadwa zimafupikitsidwa mpaka 30-50 cm pamtunda.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Rasiberi wakuda samalekerera chisanu komanso wachibale wake wofiyira zipatso, motero ndikofunikira kukonzekera bwino nyengo yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

1. Mosamala pindani mphukira pansi.
2. Atetezeni mabatani achitsulo.
3. Pakubzala, mutha kuyala nthambi za spruce, zomwe ndizabwinobwino kwambiri mwachilengedwe.

Ngati nthawi yozizira simakhala chipale chofewa, ndiye kuti muunjike matalala pachitsamba ndikutsanulira utuchi, zomwe zingathandize kupewa kusungunuka.

Mphukira wakuda wa rasipiberi amayenera kugwada pansi ndikumata mabatani achitsulo

Kufalikira kwa rasipiberi wakuda

Woyala rasipiberi wakuda osati ngati wofiira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zakuda sizipanga mizu ya ana. Koma mutha kusokoneza chikhalidwe pamalopo pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo, kudula apical ndi mbewu.

Kuchulukitsa mwa kuyika patali

Njira yofalitsira zakuda rasipiberi poyang'ana matayala iyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro.

1. Ndevu zosaya pansi zimapangidwa mtunda wa 0.5 m kuchokera pachitsamba.
2. Pindani pansi mphukira ndikuziyika m'malo okonzeka.
3. Malo omwe kulumikizana kwa tsinde ndi pansi kumakulungidwira ndi bulaketi yachitsulo ndikuphimbidwa ndi lapansi.
4. Nyengo yachilimwe, mizu imakhazikika m'malo ano, ndipo chomera chatsopano chimayamba kupanga.
5. Chotsatira cham'mawa, chisiyanitse ndi chitsamba cha chiberekero ndikuchiyika chitsamba chatsopano.

Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Kuchokera pachomera chimodzi chachikulire, mutha kupeza mbande zapamwamba za 5-6

Kufalikira kwa rasipiberi poyang'ana patadutsa ndi njira yosavuta.

Kudula

Njira yina yolerera imakhala ndi zodulira zobiriwira. Ndondomeko ikuchitika m'chilimwe, pomwe ndikofunikira kuti mukolole zinthu zobzala pa mitambo. Pakati pa nyengo, tchire la wakuda wakuda kuyambira kumizu limawoneka yaying'ono pogwiritsa ntchito masamba angapo. Mphukira zotere ziyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni 2-3 cm pansi pa nthaka.

Pambuyo pake, amayikidwa mumtsuko ndi yankho la Kornevin kwa maola 6-8. Kenako wobzala mu sukuluyo mtunda wa pafupifupi 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, nyowetsani nthaka ndikuphimba kubzala ndi filimu.

Pofalitsa rasipiberi wakuda, tengani mphukira zobiriwira 8-10 cm ndikuwadula ndi gawo la muzu

Pakatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, masamba obiriwira atayamba kuzika mizu, chizindikiro cha izi ndi mawonekedwe a masamba atsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, mutha kuchepetsa kuthirira ndipo nthawi zambiri mumayambitsa kutentha. Chapakatikati pa nyengo yotsatila, kudula mizu kumaikidwa kumalo okhazikika, pomwe akuyenera kufufutidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko.

Mbewu

Kufalikira kwa raspulosi wakuda ndi njere kumadziwika kuti ndi njira imodzi yovutirapo komanso yayitali, koma ngati palibe njira ina yoti mbande zibzalire, ndiye kuti mutha kumera chitsamba kuchokera ku mabulosi. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Timasankha zipatso zabwino komanso kucha.
2. Pogaya ndi kufinya msuzi.
3. Thirani zamkati womwe wapezeka ndi madzi ndi kusakaniza.
4. Mbeu zoyenera ziyenera kumira pansi, ndipo njere zowala ziyenera kuyandama.
5. Timathira madzi ndi zinyalala zoyandama.
6. Timatola ndi kupukuta mbewu mumlengalenga.
7. Mbewu zofesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha mu lotayirira gawo lapansi kuti akuya 2 mpaka 5 mm.
8. Nthawi ndi nthawi timanyowetsa mashesa, kupewa nthaka kuti iume.
9. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa masamba enieni a 2-3, timayamwa mbande.
10. Patatha zaka ziwiri mutabzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika pansi.
    

    Mbande zibzalidwa m'malo okhazikika m'nthaka 2 mutabzala mbewu

Ndemanga wamaluwa akukula raspberries

Chitsamba chokongola kwambiri, zipatso zosapsa zimakhala zofiira, ndipo zakuda zakuda ndi utoto wabuluu. Kulawa, amafanana ndi mabulosi akutchire, okoma kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi rasipiberi wofiyira, "siyabowola", koma imamera m'thengo. Njira yosangalatsa yoberekera, ngati mumasowa chisoti chachifumu, imayambira mizu ndipo chitsamba chatsopano chimayamba kupanga kasupe wotsatira - chifukwa adachipatsa dzina loti "kuyenda raspberries."

Svetlana Yurievna

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Ndakulira rasipiberi, koma mulibe kukoma kwambiri, zipatsozo ndizochepa komanso zophulika, zimatenga malo ambiri, zimafunikira garter mosalekeza (ngati simungathe kuzimangiriza, zimayesa kudzizika zokha pamalo osayembekezeka), ndiyabwino kwambiri, zimakula kuposa mamitala atatu ndipo mbewuyo ndi yaying'ono. Kwa raspberries, gawo labwino kwambiri m'mundamu lidasungidwa. Ndidamuyang'ana kwa chaka chimodzi, ziwiri, zitatu, kenako ndidakumba chonse. Chifukwa chake Cumberland ndi amateur. Mu kupanikizana, ndizoyipa kwambiri: palibe fungo, mafupa akulu, palibe kulawa, chifukwa chake amawonjezera rasipiberi ofiira, popanda ofiira, ndipo kupanikizika sikungathandize.

Dokotala

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Ndimayembekezera chaka chatsopano cha Cumberland. Ndiwotchipa kwambiri kuposa raspberries wamba. Ndikofunika kubzyala moyenera, kumangiriza kwa trellis, ndiye kuti ndikosavuta kusankha mabulosi, ndipo palibe mizu yosafunikira.

Svetlana (Kharkov)

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Ndili ndi rasipiberi wakuda akukula, koma chaka chachiwiri chokha, chifukwa chake tikuyembekezera zokolola, mbuyanga. Ndinkayamba kutentha nthawi yozizira kwambiri. Chaka chatha, sindinamutsatire, ndipo kumangodzi komweko kunagona pansi ndipo kugwa kunapezeka kuti wapamwamba uja anali atazika mizu. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka, ndipo ziyenera kufalitsidwa.

Olesya

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Mlongo wanga anandifunsa mbande. Ali ndi rasipiberi wakuda akukula bwino. Ndidadzala ndekha - chaka choyamba chinali chakuda, monga momwe amayembekezeka, ndi zipatso zazikulu. Ndipo mchaka chachiwiri, adakhala rasipiberi wamba ... wofiyira. Kupita kwa rasipiberi ena oyandikira - 200 metres ... Wopukutidwa? Koma chifukwa chiyani zipatso zonse?

Delayamu

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Rasipiberi wakuda ndi mabulosi athanzi omwe kukoma kwawo sikotsika poyerekeza ndi wachibale wawo ndi zipatso zofiira. Komabe, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndi aronia omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwechi chili ndi zopindulitsa zina zambiri, ndizokongola kwambiri, chimawoneka chosowa kwambiri. Ana ake samakwawa pamalopo, mutha kubzala mbewu ngakhale m'munda wamaluwa.