Mphesa za Julian: mikhalidwe, kubzala ndi maulimi

Masiku ano, mphesa ndi chimodzi mwazomera zotchuka kwambiri m'minda yathu. Mndandanda wapadziko lonse lapansi wamitundu mitundu masiku ano umaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 20 ya chomera chokongola ichi, pomwe 3,000 awo ndi okulirapo mu CIS. Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandizira kubereka ndi kulima mitundu ya mphesa ndi kucha kucha. Zotsatira za maphunziro asayansi oterewa ndi zomwe zimatulutsa zoyambirira zamtundu woyamba wa Julius.

Mbiri yakulimidwa kwa mitundu ya mphesa Julian

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Julian idabadwira m'chigawo cha Rostov ndi woweta zoweta V.U. Kaplyushny podutsa mitundu iwiri yotchuka Kesha ndi Rizamat. Zinachokera kwa Kesha kuti adapeza mwayi wake waukulu - kucha koyambirira kwa zipatso. Ndipo kuchokera ku Rizamat adalandira kukoma kokoma ndi mawonekedwe a mulu.

Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Julian

Julian ndi zipatso za mphesa za gome, zodziwika ndi nthawi yakucha kwambiri. Kuyambira maluwa mpaka kukolola, masiku 95 okha akudutsa. Duwa lobiriwira silifunikira kupukutidwa. Mabulosi amodzi amalemera pafupifupi 20 g, tsango la 800-1000 g, ndipo amakhala m'malo abwino mpaka 2000. Zipatso zooneka bwino zimapakidwa pinki ndimtengo wachikasu. Ndikatentha kwambiri padzuwa, mtundu wa zipatsowo umakhala wopepuka. Khungu limakhala loonda. Kukomerako kumakhala kogwirizana ndi kutha kwa musky. Zipatso za Julian kwa nthawi yayitali sizitaya ulaliki wawo komanso kulekerera bwino mayendedwe. Julian akuyamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachitatu cha moyo, ndipo panthawi yabwino yachiwiri.

Kanema - mitundu ya Julian: mafotokozedwe, mbewu

Masamba ndi akulu kakulidwe, owoneka pamtima. Tchire silitha kulowa mpaka kufika -24 ° C, komabe mawonekedwewa amawoneka bwino kwambiri zigawo zotentha kapena zotentha. Tisaiwale kuti Julian, ngakhale atalimbana ndi chisanu, amafuna malo ogona nthawi yozizira.

Kuwoneka kwa zipatso za Julian: nyumba yazithunzi

: Zipatso za Julian zimadziwika ndi kukoma kosangalatsa.

: Kulemera kwa gulu limodzi nthawi zambiri kumaposa 1 kg

: Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumafika 20 g

: M'matchire obzalidwa pamthunzi, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mtundu wa pler

A Julian amatha kutengeka pang'ono. Kukana matenda a fungal, kuphatikizapo oidium ndi mildew ndi kwapakatikati.

Zambiri podzala ndi kupangira mitundu ya mphesa za Juliusan

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyandikira kwambiri kusankha mbande. Zobzala zapamwamba kwambiri zimatsimikizira osati kuchuluka kwabwino kopulumuka, komanso kutsika kochepa kwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Julian amakulitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi mbande zapachaka kapena mothandizidwa ndi kudulidwa kwa mpesa wapachaka. Koma, ngati mukusankha, ndibwino kuti mupangitse kukolola pachaka.

Mukamasankha zodzala, choyamba muyenera chidwi ndi mizu ya mmera. Mizu yochulukirapo, kosavuta mphesa zimalekerera kubzala. Onani ngati mizu ili ndi moyo: pemphani wogulitsa kuti adule muzu umodzi. Pakudula, izikhala yoyera. Mizu ya Gray kapena bulauni ndi chizindikiro cha chomera chakufa.

Pa thunthu la mmera sikuyenera kukhala kufufuza kwina kulikonse kwa thupi. Pangani kachidutswa kakang'ono pa khungwa ndi chala chanu, ulusi wobiriwira uyenera kuwoneka pansi pake, monga mizu, izi zikuwonetsa kuti mmera ndi wamoyo ndipo mwakonzeka kubzala panthaka.

Tsopano tiyeni tipitilize kuyesa impso. Maso ayenera kukhazikika kukakhudza. Miyezo sayenera kutulutsidwa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kugwa.

Masiku ano, mbande za mphesa zimapezeka m'masitolo, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi sera yapadera yoteteza. Imachepetsa kusintha, komwe kumathandizira kuti kutetezedwa kwa zinthu. Komanso, sera lotere limakhala ndi zoteteza kuteteza ku matenda. Palibe chifukwa choyesera kuchotsera isanayambe kapena mutabzala, sizimasokoneza kupulumuka.

Ngati mukusankha, gulani mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Sivulazidwa panthawi yophukira kukudula ndipo chindapusa chomwe chili ndi moyo wopulumuka kwambiri. Izi sizingagwire ntchito mphesa zokha, komanso mbewu iliyonse yomwe imafesedwa chifukwa chobzala.

Kukonzekera kunyamula

Mphesa za mphesa zimabzalidwa poyera nthawi yachisanu isanayambike chisanu koyamba kapena kasupe isanayambike.

Choyamba, kukumba mabowo a 25 cm mulifupi ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45. Sakanizani pansi kuchokera mu dzenjelo ndi mchenga ndi humus muyezo wa 2: 1: 1

Sapling mizu sayenera kuti mudapinda mukabzala. Ngati ndi zazitali kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuzidula kuti zikhale zofunikira. Osadandaula, njirayi singavulaze mphesa, koma kuyesa kuti mizu ya mphesa ikule kwambiri imachepetsa kupulumuka.

Algorithm pakubzala mbande za mphesa

Choyamba, muyenera kusamalira ngalande zabwino. Mphesa sizilekerera chinyezi chambiri. Kuti muchite izi, kutsanulira 10-15 masentimita dongo lokakulitsidwa, njerwa yosweka kapena miyala pansi pa dzenjelo.
Finyirani ngalande pamwamba pa zosakanizika kale za dothi kuti apange kakhoma kakang'ono pamwamba pake.
Khazikitsani mmera m'dzenje. Fatsani mizu pang'onopang'ono m'malo otsetsereka. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tsamba la katemera likhale ndi 1-1,5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Timadzaza dzenje ndi dothi, ndikuthira ndi ndowa imodzi yamadzi ndi nkhosa. Tsopano tsitsi la muzu ndilogwirizana kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta dothi.
Pambuyo kuti chinyezi chonse chimalowetsedwe, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera dothi lochulukirapo ndikuwonjezera dothi.
Tsopano, mbali yotsala ya mmera yomwe yatsala pamwamba pa nthaka imaphimbidwanso ndi nthaka yomasuka kuchokera kumtunda, ndikupanga mtunda waung'ono.

Vidiyo: Kubzala mphesa masika

Zosamalira Julian

Mphesa za Juliusan sizingatchulidwe kuti zonenepa. Nyengo sikhala bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda. Komabe, pakukula ndikofunikira kuchita ntchito zamalonda zapamwamba. Kusamalira a Julian achichepere kumakhala kuthirira (kamodzi pa sabata) kuthirira, kupalira ndi mulching. Tikulimbikitsanso kuti dothi limasulidwe mozungulira mozungulira kuti lonjezerani mizu yake. Manyowa ndi ma frequency otsatirawa:

Chapakatikati, ngakhale musanachotse malo ogona nthawi yachisanu, konzekerani tchire ndi njira yotsatira ya michere. Onjezani 20 g ya superphosphate, 10 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi 5 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu ndowa imodzi. Kutsirira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono malita 10 a yankho pachitsamba chilichonse.
Nthawi ina, dyetsani chomeracho ndi maluwa osasamba.
Koma musanakhwime zipatso ndikofunikira kupatula ammonium nitrate kuchokera kuvalidwe lapamwamba, kuti mphamvu zonse za mphesa zimangotulutsidwa ku fruiting, m'malo momanga msipu wobiriwira.
Mbewuzo zikakololedwa, mphesa zimafunika kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu. Izi zithandizira mphesa kukhalabe nthawi yachisanu.
Kamodzi zaka zitatu zilizonse muyenera kuthira nthaka ndi manyowa. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu April. Falitsa manyowa mu yunifolomu ndikukumba dothi pa bayonet ya fosholo.

Matenda, njira zamankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa

Matenda ambiri omwe Julian akudwala ndi ochokera ku fungus, ndiye kuti, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ndi causative ndi fungi wakhungu.

Matenda ofala kwambiri a Julian: tebulo

Mutu	Pathogen	Zizindikiro zakunja	Zoyenera kuchitika
Mildew (mame onyenga mame)	Bowa Plasmopara viticola	Mafuta amtundu amawonekera kumtunda kwa tsamba, kenako nyengo yonyowa kumawoneka kaphokoso kamtunda kotsalira, kofanana ndi nkhungu. Pang'onopang'ono, minofu necrosis imayamba pamtunda wa tsamba ndikuyamba kukhala la bulauni. Masamba owonongeka kwambiri amagwa. Pak maluwa, matendawa amafalikira kumasango. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa gawo la mbewu.	Nyengo ndi nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kwenikweni ndi pafupifupi 25 ° C.
Oidium (powdery mildew)	Mushroom Uncinula necator	Masamba owunduka amakhala okutira ndi phulusa laimvi. M'tsogolomu, "fumbi" ili limaphimba maluwa ndi zipatso. Zotsatira zake, ma inflorescence amafa, ndipo zipatsozo zimasweka ndikuuma.	Konyowa, nyengo yofunda. Kutentha koyenera 25-35 ° C.
Gray zowola	Bowa Botrytis cinerea	Masamba, maluwa ndi masango amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wokutira, womwe umakomoka ukakhudzidwa. Ngati chilimwe chikakhala chotentha, ndiye kuti matendawa amasiya okha, koma nyengo yonyowa kuwonongeka kumafalikira kumazipatso ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zokolola.	Zimakhudza makamaka malo ovulala. Amayamba kukula pakakhala mvula komanso nyengo yotentha.
Anthracnose	Bowa Gloeosporium ampelophagum	Masamba amaphimba mawanga a bulauni ozunguliridwa ndi mzungu. Pang'onopang'ono, mawanga amaphatikizana, ndipo minye yomwe ili m'matimo imamwalira. Zilonda zofananira zimawoneka pa mphukira, petioles ndi zipatso.	Mvula yamvula yamvula yambiri.

Pakukolola kwa nyundo m'mundamo, ndikofunikira kutola zinyalala zonse pansi pa mphesa ndikuziwotcha, makamaka kunja kwa dimba. Masamba opsa ndiye chikhodzodzo choyenera cha matenda a fungus.

Matenda a mphesa omwe ali pachithunzichi

: Gulu la mphesa la Oidium

: Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi

: Zizindikiro zoyambirira zakugonjetsedwa kwa mphesa mildu

: Anthracnose akuwombera

Mankhwala omwe amakulolani kulimbana ndi matenda amtundu wa fungus amatchedwa fungicides. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwamankhwala otere kumawonetsedwa m'masitolo. Komabe, pamakonzedwe osiyanasiyana oterowo sikotheka nthawi zonse kusankha njira yabwino komanso yabwino kwambiri yomwe ingakhale yoyenera munda wanu. Pachifukwa ichi, sulfate yamkuwa, yomwe imayesedwa ndi mibadwo ya anthu wamaluwa, ikadali yofunika kwambiri masiku ano.

Kanema: kukonza mphesa ndi mkuwa sulphate

Koyamba kukonza mphesa ndi sulfure wamkuwa kumachitika mchaka masamba asanatseguke. Kwa mbewu zazing'ono, muyenera yankho la 0.5%: 50 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Mphesa zachikulire zidzafunika 1% yankho. M'dzinja, masamba atagwa m'mphesa, amakonzedwanso: mphesa zazing'ono - 3% yothetsera, mbewu zazikulu - 5%.

Ndemanga za magiredi oyamba

Pamabzala zitsamba 4. Kubzala kwa mphamvu pa nthaka yonse komanso munthaka zathu ndiwambiri kuposa pafupifupi, koma osaposa. Kukana kufinya ndi kunyoza.Pakati kwamaluwa, kuthira kwa ovary kunawonedwa, koma makamaka pamipanda yayikulu. mapesi a maluwa, muyenera kuyesa. Koma ngakhale zomwe zatsala zimalonjeza kukhala zochititsa chidwi komanso zazikulu.
Elena Petrovna
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Kubzala muzu wodula pa Meyi 19, 2010 lero ndikukula kwa mita 1. Zotsatira zakupezeka pofewa, oidium sizinawoneke.
Syretsky
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859

Moni
Nyengo yathayi, masamba a a Juliusan adamezeranitsidwa pachitsamba choyambirira. Chilichonse chiri pakadali pano, popanda nandolo, koma china chake chayima pakadali pano. Ndikutanthauza, sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi kukhwima kwa masiku 95-100. Ndi kukhwima kofananako Super, kowonjezereka, koma kumakhala kale koyenera komanso magulu otsika pafupifupi wokhwima. Ndipo Julian sindinayesere kuyesa ndipo mabulosi atangoyamba kufewetsa ...
Tsopano, zina zomwe zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwa ine: Nthawi zonse ndimachotsa ana opeza, koma zidachitika kuti ndalephera kuchita izi m'munda wamphesa sabata imodzi. "Chifukwa chake a Julian adakula okhazikika mwadzidzidzi ndipo amakhalanso ndi inflorescence 2-3, adatsala ochepa kuti ayesere ( awiri pa mphukira iliyonse) - palibe, m'modzi wopukutidwa, winayo pachimake, wachitatu amasonkhanitsidwa. Ngakhale ma stepons enieniwo saleka kukula, koma akupitiliza kukula, ena mwa mita, ndimawamanga kale. Mphamvu yakukulira kwa mphukira imalola, pafupifupi, mamita 4. kuti mawonekedwe awa azikhala ndi kuzungulira kwa zipatso kuvala mpaka chisanu.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859

Julian adalumikizidwa ku Arcadia. Kusiyana kwa Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi UN ndikumvekedwe, Julian akuchepera pa Julayi 26
Sergey Dandyk
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2859

Ubwino waukulu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Julius ndi nthawi yake yakucha. Mudzakolola masiku 95. Komanso, mitundu iyi imafanizira bwino ndi kukana kwake matenda ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri kwa zipatso.