Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya adyo: kasupe (wobzalidwa masika) ndi nthawi yozizira (amene anabzala mu autumn). Wamaluwa angavomereze kuti adyo mwachangu nthawi zambiri amakhala wachikasu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kuzindikirika ndikuchotsedwa.
Garlic amatembenukira chikasu mchaka: zoyambitsa zazikulu
Masamba achikasu mu adyo amatha kuwonekera kumayambiriro kwa masika, mphukira zake zikaonekera. Zifukwazi zimakhala zosiyanasiyana.
Ayambika kwambiri
Ngati kugwa simunayembekezere kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yozizira ndikuthamanga ndi kubzala kwa adyo kasupe, ndiye kuti mphukira zitha kuwonekera isanayambike nyengo yachisanu. Izi zitha kusokoneza chitukuko cha mbewu. Pofuna kuti izi zisachitike, yeserani nthawi yabwino mdera lanu - osatinso koyambira pakati pa Okutobala, komanso ngakhale kumadera akumwera.
Dothi la Acidic
Zomwe chikaso chimatha kukhala dothi lamasamba, omwe adyo sakonda. Imamveka bwino dothi lopanda gawo la PH.
Mulingo wa PH umathandiza kudziwa nthaka
Kuti mudziwe acidity yomwe nthaka ili pansi pamalopo a adyo, kunyumba, mutha kuchititsa kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito choko:
- 2 tbsp. l malo kuchokera pamalowo ayenera kuikidwa m'botolo.
- Onjezani 5 tbsp. l madzi ofunda ndi 1 tsp kusungunuka mmenemo choko chosankhidwa.
- Ikani chala chakumaso pa botolo ndikugwedezeka.
- Ngati chala chamanja chikuwongoka kwathunthu, nthaka ndi acidic; ngati theka - acidic pang'ono; sipadzakhala kusintha - dothi ndilosaloledwa.
Asidi acidity amatha kutsimikiza pogwiritsa ntchito choko chophwanyika.
Kuti muchepetse nthaka, muyenera kuwonjezera choko, ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wa fluff mu 300-500 g / m2.
Ndikofunika kubzala adyo wamasamba pambuyo pa tsabola, womwe umasungidwa nthawi zonse ndi organics. Koma pambuyo anyezi ndi mbatata, adyo amamva bwino.
Zobzala zosauka
Ngati zinthu zobzala sizinasinthidwe kwazaka zambiri, ndiye kuti tizirombo tambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tadziunjikira. Mutabzala mavesti ocheperako, pamakhala chiwopsezo kuti musadikire zokolola.
Zindikirika: ngati adyo abzalidwe m'miyala yayikulu, ndiye kuti amatembenukira chikaso pang'ono.
Kuphatikizidwa kopanda dothi
Ngati nthenga za adyo zitatembenuka chikasu zitangowonekera pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kungoyimitsa pang'ono mkati mwa zovala. Garlic iyenera kubzalidwa mozama mainchesi 4-5, ndikutsatira mulching nthaka ndi udzu kapena masamba agwa 7-10 cm.
Garlic iyenera kubzalidwa mpaka akuya pafupifupi 4-5 cm
Nyengo ya chisanu masika
Masamba obwerera masika amathanso kubweretsa chikaso cha adyo. Ngati mbewuzo zadwala chifukwa cha kuzizira, zimafunika kuthandizidwa ndi Epin kapena Zircon, zomwe zingawathandize kuthana ndi nkhawa. Mutha kuchitira zingapo za mankhwalawa kamodzi ndi sabata.
Kuchiza ndi Epin kudzathandiza adyo kuchira ngati akukhudzidwa ndi chisanu
Kukonzekera yankho ndi Epin, ndikofunikira kuthira zomwe zili pamapulogalamuwo ndi voliyumu ya 0,25 ml mu 5 l wamadzi ndikusakaniza bwino. Kuti malo a zamchere asawononge zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi owiritsa okha. Chochita chothandiza kwambiri chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito yankho lokonzedwa mwatsopano.
Kukonzekera yankho la Zircon, 1 ml ya mankhwalawa imasungunuka mu 10 l yamadzi ndikusakanizidwa bwino. Kumwaza kumachitika mwa kugwirizanitsa masamba.
Kuchepa kwa zakudya
Nthawi zambiri mchaka, adyo amayamba kusanduka wachikasu chifukwa chimasowa zinthu zing'onozing'ono kapena zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri, chikasu chimatulutsa njala ya potaziyamu kapena nayitrogeni. Potaziyamu akhoza kuperekedwera mbewu pothira feteleza wa potaziyamu (15-20 g wa feteleza pa 10 l wamadzi wochitira 1 mita2 landning). Mutha kuchita izi mwa kupopera masamba, kusungunula 5 g wa potaziyamu sodium mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Ndikofunika kuchita kukonzekera madzulo madzulo nyengo yabwino.
Ngati palibe nayitrogeni wokwanira, ndiye kuti kuthira feteleza ndi urea kapena ammonium nitrate kuthandizira mbewu. 20-25 g wa urea iyenera kusungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi ndikuthiridwa masamba a mbewu, mutatha sabata kukonzanso.
Garlic silivomereza kupezeka kwa chlorine. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi, potaziyamu wa chloride sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma sulfate. Chodziwika povala zovala zapamwamba ndi 1 tsp. pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Sodium ya Potaziyamu Imathandiza Kubwezeretsa Kuperewera kwa Potaziyamu ku Garlic
Kanema: momwe mungadyetsere adyo
Kutsirira kolakwika
Ndipo kuchepa kwa chinyezi, komanso kuchuluka kwake, mbewuyo imatha kuyankha masamba achikasu. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo ena:
- nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa dzinja, adyo ayenera kuthiriridwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi koyambirira (kutengera chigawo). Izi zitha kuchitika ndi mavalidwe apamwamba;
- mu nyengo yoyamba yokulira (Epulo - Juni), kubzala adyo kuyenera kukhala wofinyira kamodzi pa sabata mpaka 30 cm;
- mu Julayi, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, kenako ndikuyimitsidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa chinyezi chowonjezera sichingasokoneze mapangidwe a mitu ya adyo;
- ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika ndi kutentha osachepera 18zaC;
- ngati kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala pansi pa 13zaC, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa;
- nthawi yokwanira kuthirira - m'mawa kwambiri kapena nthawi dzuwa litalowa;
- mutathilira, dothi liyenera kukhomekedwa mpaka pakuya masentimita awiri, mwinanso - mulch (mwachitsanzo, udzu wosenda) ndikathira madzi mulch.
Pakagwa mvula yayikulu, zimbudzi zam'madzi zimakumbidwa pamodzi ndi mizere ndi adyo, zomwe zimachotsa chinyezi chambiri.
Garlic amatembenukira chikasu m'chilimwe
Ngati adyo ayamba kutembenukira chikasu m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti pali mwayi woti matenda kapena tizirombo tayamba kale.
Gome: Matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa chikasu cha masamba mu adyo
| Mutu | Zizindikiro kupatula masamba achikasu | Njira zolimbana ndi kupewa |
| Fusarium | Masamba, mapesi owuma, opindika ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuzimiririka, babuwo amataya mizu yake. |
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| Zola yoyera (sclerotinia) | Pansi pa chomera chikuwoneka zoyera mycelium. |
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| Anyezi akuuluka | Mphutsi zoyera zimatha kupezeka m'munsi mwa masamba. Izi ndi mphutsi za anyezi. |
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| Tsitsani anyezi Nematode | Pansi pa chimbacho, zokutira zoyera kapena zapinki zimawoneka, mizu yowola. |
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Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe zimatsogolera ku chikasu cha adyo
- Fusariosis imatsogolera ku kufa kwa mbewu
- Sclerotinia imatha kupewedwa powona kusintha kwa mbewu
- Ntchentche ya anyezi imawonekera koyambirira, mu Epulo
- Anyezi nematode amalowetsa m'nthaka ndikukhalamo kwa zaka zambiri
Kanema: momwe mungathanirane ndi adyo fusarium
Dziwani chomwe chayambitsa pamalo omwe akuwonetsera
Zoyambitsa zosiyanasiyana ziziwoneka ndi chikaso cha magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu.
Nthenga zimasanduka zachikaso
Ngati masamba otsika, achikulire amasanduka achikasu, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake chimakhala chosowa potaziyamu ndi magnesium m'nthaka. Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kumasonyezedwanso ndikuwoneka ngati wopendekera, ngati wowotchedwa, m'mphepete mwa masamba. Kuwongolera vutoli kungathandize kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Pa kulowetsedwa, tengani 1 kg ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi malita 10 a madzi. Kuumirira masiku atatu, ndiye kukhetsa popanda kugwedezeka. Garlic amathiridwa, ndikuwonjezera 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa ndi ndowa.
Masamba otsika akatembenuka chikasu, adyo mwina sangakhale wokwanira potaziyamu
Malangizo a masamba amasanduka achikaso
Ngati nsonga za nthenga zayamba kusanduka chikasu, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiritso chakuti mbewu zilibe nayitrogeni. Kuthamangitsa kuvala kwamizu komanso yolimbikitsa kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Izi zitha kukhala feteleza wachikhalidwe ndi ammonium nitrate: 1 tbsp. l pa 10 l madzi. Itha kuthiridwa pamtunda wa 5 l / m2ndi kuthira mbewu pamasamba.
Nitrate ikhoza m'malo mwa mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20) pamlingo woyenda wa 3-5 l / m2. Chakumapeto kwa Juni, kuvala kwapamwamba kuyenera kubwerezedwa.
Ngati nsonga za nthenga zitasanduka chikasu, muyenera kudyetsa adyo ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni
Zimayambira chikasu
Pesi ya adyo imatha kukhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira ngati iwonongeka nthawi ya chisanu. Pang'onopang'ono, mbewuyo imadzichira lokha, koma kuti izi zitheke, fotokozerani nkhokwezi ndikukula kwina kulikonse. Itha kukhala:
- Epin
- Zircon
- Gibberib.
Mivi imakhala chikasu
Mivi ikayamba kutuluka chikasu, ndiye nthawi yoti muwatulutse. Zimangosokoneza mbeu, zimapatsa michere pakapangidwe ka mbeu. Osasweka munthawi, mivi imachepetsa kucha kwa adyo kwa masabata awiri. Mitu ya adyo yotere imasungidwa bwino, ndipo miyeso yophimba zovala zimayamba kuchepera.
Omwe alima maluwa amangosiya chomera chimodzi chokha chomwe chili ndi muvi m'munda wonse ndi adyo. Kukula kwake kumathandizira kudziwa nthawi yakucha ya adyo wamasamba. Adzakhala wokonzekera kukolola pomwe muvi ulimba, mbewu pamapeto ake zimapanga mpira.
Ngati mivi ya adyo itatembenuka chikasu, ndiye nthawi yoti muwatulutse
Pali chinyengo chabanthu akale: mutatha kuthyola mivi pa adyo, machesi owotchedwa amayikidwa mu chitsa. Njirayi imatsogolera pakupangidwe kwa mitu yayikulu.
Mivi yosweka ya adyo wamasika sayenera kutayikiridwa konse. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopereka chowonjezera ku mbale za nyama. Mwatsopano amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku saladi. Komanso khalani ozizira. Ndipo ngati mungawazule, mutha kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya champhamvu.
Nayi njira yaying'ono yonga iyi: onjezani supuni 1.5 zamafuta amasamba ndi supuni 0,5 yamchere ku mapaundi amiyala ya adyo. Pogaya osakaniza mu blender ndikuyika mumtsuko, kenaka ikani mufiriji. M'nyengo yozizira, onjezani ku nyama zakudya monga zonunkhira zabwino.
Mivi yakuphwanyika ya adyo wamasamba imatha kudulidwa
Kupewa chikasu cha adyo
Pofuna kuti tisataye mwachangu adyo ku chikasu, ndibwino kuyesetsa kupewa izi. Mukakonzekeretsa bwino mabedi musanadzalemo adyo nthawi yakuthengo, kumapeto, kudyetsa ndi madzi munthawi yake, kupewa kuti tizirombo tisawonekere pamalowo, ndiye kuti adyo sangakukhumudwitseni ndi nthenga zake zachikasu.
Monga kupewa, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- chembani chimbaliricho pakugwa, mutachotsa zotsalira zonse zam'mera, kuzama pang'ono pang'ono;
- deoxidize nthaka, ngati ingakhale ndi acidity yayikulu;
- onani kusintha kwa mbewu, adyo chomera pamalo amodzi pambuyo pa zaka 3-4;
- mutabzala, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zofunikira kwambiri mutatha kukonza njira yothetsera potaziyamu;
- onetsetsani kuya kwakubzika mutabzala zipatso za adyo m'nthaka (osachepera 3-4 cm);
- kuti adyo asavutike ndi madzi oundana obwerera masika, malo obisalapo ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi zinthu zosakongoletsedwa panthawi yotsika kutentha;
- dyetsani mbewu mosamalitsa ndi malamulo, kukumbukira kuti zochuluka kwambiri za feteleza ndizovulaza monga kusowa kwawo.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kubzala adyo kasupe mu kugwa mwachindunji pa siderates (oats, vetch, mpiru).
Zotsatira zake, pali zifukwa zambiri zachikasu mu adyo. Ndipo kutiamuthandize pakapita nthawi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi ndani amene adawonekera pankhani inayake.
