Matenda A anyezi: Momwe Mungathandizire Chomera

Ngakhale malingaliro apano kuti ndikosavuta kukula anyezi, zenizeni zikuwonetsa kuti izi siziri choncho. Sikuti ndizofunikira pamapangidwe a dothi lokha komanso chinyezi, anyezi ali ndi matenda ambiri, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kuthana nawo. Zomera za anyezi nthawi zambiri zimadwala pamadongo okhala ndi dothi okhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Matenda a anyezi

Anyezi ndi a mbewu, kulima komwe sikuli kwa mlimi aliyense, ndipo muyenera kuyerekeza ngozi yomwe ingakhale chifukwa chodzala matenda a matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo komanso fungus. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anyezi omwe ali ndi zipatso, komanso mitundu yomwe nthenga zobiriwira zimakhala zopatsa thanzi.

Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi omwe matendawa ali angapo, ndi osiyana, titha kuganiza kuti njira zawo zamankhwala ndizofanana. Chifukwa chake, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri pazovuta kwambiri, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, mukayamba kuchita panthawi yake. Matenda a virus, monga lamulo, samathandizidwa, mbewu zodwala ziyenera kuwonongeka. Komabe, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus atha kupewedwa ndikumenyana ndi omwe akuwapatsirawo - tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tosavomerezeka.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew ndimatenda omwe amakhalapo osati anyezi okha, ndipo zizindikiro zake ndizofanana pazochitika zonse. Zitha kuoneka kale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe: kwa mauta osatha mutakula masamba, chifukwa obzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - patapita nthawi pang'ono. Masamba achikasu amawoneka pamasamba, posakhalitsa mtundu wawo umasandulika kukhala mauve, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndikupanga kuphika kwamtundu wambiri wa ufa, wokumbutsa ufa.

Zovalazi, zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri m'mawa, pang'onopang'ono zimadetsedwa, zimakhala zofiirira, pinki, masamba amakhala osalimba, owuma, mababu amasiya kukula. Makamaka, matendawa amadziwonetsera m'minda yokhazikika, nyengo yamvula, yopanda kuwala.

Nthawi zambiri komwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi mbewu, kotero kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda asadalowe timafunikira. Mbewu zonse ndi mbewu zimatha kusungidwa m'madzi otentha (40-42 ºº kwa maola 6-7, komanso kuposa pamenepo - mu pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kuti achulukitse chitsimikizo cha kutalikirana pambuyo pamenepa, olima ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi biofungicides (monga Bactofit kapena Poliram).

Kuphatikiza pa kukonza zinthu, kubzala kwathunthu zinyalala zam'mera mutakumba anyezi ndi kukumba mwachangu kwa bedi kumathandizira kupewa matenda a anyezi a chaka chamawa. Kasinthidwe ka mbewu ndikofunikanso kwambiri: ndikwabwino kuti musinthe malo ogona anyezi chaka chilichonse, koma ngati akhala pamalo amodzi kwa zaka 2-3, ndiye kuti amapuma nthawi yofananayo. Njira zabwino zodzitchinjiriza ndikufalikira kwa phulusa la nkhuni pamabedi anyezi, komanso kwa othandizira omwe amapanga mankhwala - yophukira nthaka yophukira ndi kukonzekera kwa Horus kapena Oksikhom.

Ngati matendawa akuwonekera, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthirira ndikuletsa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndikuthandizira anyezi ndi dothi lozungulira mozungulira ndi njira zothetsera fungicides (mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux madzi kapena Polycarbacin). Zachidziwikire, sizingatheke kudya anyezi pambuyo pochiritsira posachedwa kwambiri, ndipo nthenga, mwina, siziyenera konse. Komabe, mababu amatha kupulumutsidwa ngati mankhwalawa akuchitika munthawi yake.

Peronosporosis (Downy mildew)

Zizindikiro za peronosporosis ndi ofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a powdery mildew: choyambirira, mawonekedwe amtundu wofiirira wofiirira m'maso nthenga. Pambuyo pake, masamba amakhala opunduka, amdima ndipo amawuma. Pankhaniyi, mbewu yonse imafooka, yomwe imatha kufa: mababu ayamba kuvunda. Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira m'mundamo. Itha kudziwonetsa pafupi mwezi atayamba nthenga regrowth, zinthu zomwezo zimathandizira kuti ikhale yeniyeni ya ufa.

Ndi peronosporosis, chilichonse chimawoneka ngati powdery mildew, ndipo njira zowongolera ndizofanana.

Onse kupewa ndi kuchiza matendawa pafupifupi sizisiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi ufa wa powdery. Peronosporosis mu gawo losasunthika limathandizidwa bwino ndi kulowetsedwa kwa maudzu osiyanasiyana (dandelion, nettle, ndi zina), omwe amakhalanso feteleza. Chida chothandiza ndi mankhwala a Ridomil Gold.

Kanema: Nkhondo yolimbana ndi peronosporosis ya anyezi

Gray kapena khosi lachiberekero

Cervical rot nthawi zambiri imadziwonetsera mwachindunji m'mundamo: izi zimatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati mvula yotalika imachitika mutayika nthenga. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuonekera patatha mwezi umodzi kututa. Chipolopolo pakhosi pake chimanyowa, chimayamba kuvunda, ndipo chimavunda mwachangu chimagwira voliyumu yonse. Mankhusu amatakutidwa ndi imvi, chifukwa choti mababu abodza nawonso ali ndi kachilombo.

Popeza causative wothandizila matendawa amalowerera mababuyo mwa kuwonongeka kwa makina, njira yabwino yodzitetezera ndi kupewetsa kachilombo ka mpeni komwe kumadula cholembera ndikudula ndi njira yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Mababu omwe amasungidwa nthawi isanakwane, komanso omwe khosi lake limakhala lakuda kwambiri, amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyanika koyenera kwa mbewu ndikofunikira kwambiri: kuyenera kupitilira sabata limodzi ndi theka pa kutentha pafupifupi 30 ^zaC ndi mpweya wabwino wabwino.

Khola lachiberekero limayamba kuchokera pamwamba, koma kenako lonse

Mwa mankhwala, Quadrice nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe sabata imodzi asanakolole, amalima dothi pabedi la anyezi. Kubzala mbewu za mbande zisanadze, komanso kuyeretsa bwino zitsamba zonse ndi zotsalira, ndizofunikira.

Grey nkhungu

Grey nkhungu ndi matenda fungal; fungus imatha kukhudza mababu nthawi iliyonse: izi zimatha kuchitika nthawi yonse yakukula komanso nthawi yozizira, nthawi yosunga mbewu. Mosiyana ndi zowola imvi, matendawa samakhudza khosi la babu, koma amakula mbali zina zonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika kuti khola libowole. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timakhudzidwa ndi bowa timasanduka thukuta, kukhala mitambo, kukhala ndi fungo lonunkhira komanso mtundu wachikasu, kuphimbidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira. Njira zothandizira kupewa matenda ndizofanana ndi kuwola kwa khosi.

Fusarium (kuzungulira kwa Fusarium pansi)

Gwero la matendawa limakhala m'nthaka, matenda a anyezi amapezeka nthawi yakula, zimathandizira kuti kugwe mvula, makamaka kumapeto kwa mbewu. Kukula kumayamba kuchokera m'munsi mwa babu, kumkafika pamwamba, bulb imakhala madzi, mizu ndi masamba amafera msanga. Mlandu umatheka pamene kachilomboka kanachitika, koma analibe nthawi yoti adziwonetse pakukolola; ndiye babuyo imayamba kuwola nthawi yosungirako, makamaka kutentha kwambiri.

Kubola mwachangu kumayambira pansi, kenako kumakweza

Popeza tizirombo timathandizira kufalitsa matenda a Fusarium, kufooketsa mbewu, njira imodzi yoletsera matenda ndikuwononga tizirombo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mitundu yoyambirira ya anyezi sitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Fusarium, makamaka pankhani yobzala koyambirira kwa mbewu yathanzi. Matentralization ake asanafike ikofunikira. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana kasinthidwe wolondola wa mbeu, kusapezeka kwa madzi, komanso kukumba kwakanthawi kwa mababu ndi kukonzekera kwawo mosamala, kuphatikiza.

Bakiteriya Anyezi

Bakiteriya chowola, monga Fusarium, imatha kudziwonekera kale m'mundayo, mpaka kumapeto kwa kukula kwa anyezi, ndipo mwina pokhapokha posungira. Ngakhale m'mundamo, masamba a anyezi amatha kuphimbidwa ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono onyowetsa, koma ndizovuta kuwona, chifukwa chake wosamalira mundawo amatumiza mbewu kuti isungidwe osayembekezera zovuta. Matendawa amatha kuonekera pafupi ndi dzinja, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga babu. Bola lakuwunda limawonekera pokhapokha babu litadulidwa: miyeso yabwinobwino imasinthidwa ndi kufewetsedwa, kufalikira. Posakhalitsa kuchuluka konse kwa bulb, kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa.

Ndi bacteriosis, zipolopolo zimachokera mkati

Monga lamulo, mabakiteriya amawola osakhazikika ndi anyezi wouma bwino, gwero la nthendayo ndi zinyalala zodetsedwa zomwe mabakiteriya amatha kukhala zaka zingapo. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa mosamala mabedi mukakolola, komanso kuwunika kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndikofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonongeka siziyenera kuloledwa mukakumba anyezi ndikuchinyamula.

Dzimbiri anyezi

Dzimbiri ndi matenda ofala fungal a zomera zonse za anyezi, komanso adyo. Uwu ndi mliri weniweni wa anyezi wachikhalire wobzala zitsamba. Mukadwala, khungu lanu limakhala ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wachikasu, lomwe limatha kusintha utoto kuti ukhale lalanje. Malo awa ("ma pads") ndi magulu achifungo. Chifukwa cha kukopa kwake, kukula kwa masamba ndipo, kenako, mababu amayima.

Dzimbiri limangowoneka lokongola, koma limatha kuwononga mbewu.

Dzimbiri limapatsirana kwambiri, ndipo tizilomboti tikakhazikika, ndipo ngati zinyalala za mbewu sizitsukidwa bwino ikatha nyengo yamunda, matenda anyezi amatha kupitilirabe pabedi kwazaka zingapo. Chodetsa chake chimalimbikitsidwa ndi kupulumutsa malo: simukufunika kuti muchotsefikitsa, ngakhale mutafuna zochuluka motani. Mwambiri, njira zothandizira kupewa ndi kuchiza matendawa ndizofanana ndi matenda ena am'mimba.

Anyezi a Mose

Mose ndi matenda oopsa a virus omwe sangathe kuthandizidwa. Akakhala ndi kachilombo, anyezi amasiya kuzimiririka, amapanga mawanga osiyanasiyana, mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima, makamaka chikaso, nthawi zina imayera. Mababu amatalika, kucha kwawo kwatha. M'tsogolomu, masamba amabala nthawi isanakwane, mbewu zambiri zimafa. Kuthekera kwa kufa kwathunthu kwa mbewuyo sikwambiri, koma kuchuluka kwake ndi mtundu wake umachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Popeza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, nematode) zimagwira ntchito zonyamula kachilomboka, kupewa matenda kumatengera kuthana nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalikira kwa udzu munthawi yake, kuthilira pakumapeto ndi kuvala bwino, kasinthidwe koyenera ka mbeu komanso kupewa kuthana kwambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Anyezi Jaundice

Jaundice ndiwonso matenda opatsirana, chithandizo chake ndizosatheka. Kachilomboka kaukira, nthenga ndi mivi ya anyezi amatembenukira chikasu, kuyambira pamalangizo ndikusintha mtundu pang'onopang'ono. Masamba amakhala osalala, nthawi zambiri amapindika. Mababu amasiya kukula. Chonyamulira chaiyo ndi cicada, pomwe, komanso maudzu osiyanasiyana, chimakhazikika. Anyezi wokhudzidwa ayenera kuwonongedwa. Njira zopewera ndi zofanana ndi zamitundu.

Tsitsi lopotana

Akalankhula za anyezi wopindika, chosavomerezeka chimavomerezedwa: palibe matenda pansi pa dzinali, koma nthenga zopindika (kapena zokhotakhota) zimatsagana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, nthenga zimayamba kupindika zikagwidwa ndi mosaic kapena jaundice. Kuphatikiza apo, anyezi phula nematode amakhalanso ndi matenda monga lithylenchosis. Ma Nematode ali pafupifupi osawoneka ndi maso amaliseche, amakhala pansi, kuvulaza mababu onse ndi masamba anyezi. Zotsatira zake, mababu amang'ambika, ndipo nthenga zimasokonekera komanso zimapindika, pamapeto pake zimafa ndikufa.

Kuteteza Matenda a Anyezi

Ngakhale kuti ma virus ndi osachiritsika, atha kupewedwa ndikuwona ukadaulo waulimi. Matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa, ndibwino kuti asaloledwe pamundapo. Ndipo ngati simupanga kalikonse ndi mvula ndi nyengo yozizira, china chilichonse chili m'manja mwa wolima dimba. Popewa matenda a anyezi chomera, chilichonse kuchokera pamndandanda wotsatirawu ndikofunikira:

• kutsatira kasinthidwe wolondola wa mbewu (nthawi ndi nthawi, bedi la anyezi limasamukira kumalo ena, malo obzala mwatsopano amapangika kumene anyezi, adyo, masamba a kakombo, beets sanakulire);
• kuvomerezeka disinawon of kubzala zakuthupi;
• kubzala kapena kufesa anyezi koyambirira, osakukula;
• kusankha komwe kuli dzuwa kwamabedi anyezi;
• kupewa kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka;
• kupanga okha Mlingo wofunikira wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, osachita chowonjezera;
• Kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwamasongole, limodzi ndi kumasula kwa nthaka;
• kuyeretsa bwino zotsalira zazomera mukatha kukolola komanso kukumba pansi nthawi yomweyo;
• kutola anyezi pokhapokha nyengo yowuma;
• kuyanika bwino mbewu isanatumizidwe;
• kusunthira modekha kwa mbewu kupita kumalo osungirako oyeretsedwa bwino komanso oyeretsedwa.

Ndi kuonetsetsa mokwanira izi, mwayi wa matenda anyezi amachepetsa. Ngati izi zidachitikabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chikuyambitsa msanga komanso ngati matendawo akuchiritsika, pitirizani kukonza masungidwewo, apo ayi, kuchotsedwe kwa matenda omwe akudwala kale.

Chithandizo cha anyezi m'minda vuto la matenda

Zizindikiro za matenda oyamba ndi fungus zikawoneka, kuthilira kwambiri komanso kudyetsa nayitrogeni kuyimitsidwa, mabedi amathiridwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, dothi limamasulidwa bwino ndipo zotsalira za udzu zimawonongeka, ndipo zinthu zamankhwala zomera zimasankhidwa. Othandizira kupangira mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha hafu ya chilimwe, ndipo ngati anyezi atakula nthenga, ndibwino kukana. Mulimonsemo, musanaonthekere ndi mankhwala aliwonse, ndikofunikira kukoka kunja kachilombo kachilombo, ngati palibe ambiri.

Mu magawo oyamba a matendawa, wowerengeka azitsamba angathandize. Izi ndi infusions ndi decoctions a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu (dandelion, celandine, marigolds) kapena fumbi la fodya. Kubzala mbewu monga marigolds, katsabola, hisope, ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndikuthamangitsa tizirombo. Zomera zochepa zokha zikadwala, ziyenera kutulutsidwa, ndipo maenje m'malo mwake akuyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena mkuwa wa sodium (1%).

Marigolds si maluwa okongola okha, komanso oteteza mbewu odalirika

Ngati mbewu zambiri zakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, dimba lonse limafafaniza kukonzekera zamkuwa, mwachitsanzo, mkuwa wamkuwa (40 g pachidebe chamadzi) kawiri pa sabata. Komabe, masamba atatha kulandira chithandizo sayenera kudyedwa kwa masabata atatu. Mwa zina mwa mankhwala, Aktara, Karate, Fitoverm ndi ena ndi odziwika.Amakulolani kuti muthane ndi tizirombo tina tomwe tili ndi ma virus oopsa.

Vidiyo: kupopera anyezi matenda a fungus

Mavuto omwe akukula anyezi

Kuphatikiza pa matenda owopsa, olima m'munda nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kulima anyezi ndi zovuta zina zomwe sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi matenda, koma zofunika kuthana nazo. Ena mwa iwo amaperekedwa patebulo.

Gome: zovuta za kukula anyezi ndi yankho lawo

Monga mukuwonera, vuto lililonse lomwe likubwera limakhala ndi zifukwa zambiri, nthawi zambiri limagwirizanitsidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizotheka kuthana ndi vutoli. Komabe, ukadaulo woyenera waulimi pafupifupi nthawi zonse umakulolani kuti mukule zipatso zabwino za anyezi wathanzi.

Kukula anyezi nthawi zambiri kumakhala popanda mavuto, chifukwa pamafunika kutsatira mosamalitsa kuukadaulo waulimi. Zolakwika zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha kubweretsa zovuta, kuphatikizapo matenda omwe samachiritsika nthawi zonse. Komabe, kupewa matenda kumachepetsa kwambiri kuopsa kwawo, ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse zaumoyo wa chomera kungapulumutse mbewu zambiri komanso ngati mwadzidzidzi mwayamba kudwala bowa kapena ma virus.