Wamaluwa omwe amalima nkhaka nthawi zonse amafunafuna mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi zokolola zapamwamba, kukana matenda komanso kuzindikira. Wophatikiza Herman kuphatikiza pa zabwinozi ali ndi umodzi wina - kucha kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Wophatikiza woyamba wa nkhaka ku Herman adapezeka ndi kampani yodziwika bwino yaku Dutch MONSANTO. Adalembetsedwa ku Russia mchaka cha 2001 ndipo adavomerezedwa kuti azilimidwa m'magawo onse, chifukwa kulima kwake nkotheka paliponse komanso m'malo obisalamo. Zoyenera kuwerengera ziweto zapakhomo ndi minda yaying'ono.
Sakanalo safuna kupukutidwa ndi njuchi (wotchedwa parthenocarpic).
Mitundu ya nkhaka yaku Germany pavidiyo
Maonekedwe a mbewu
Zomera zamatango za Herman zimadziwika ndi kutsimikiza (kuletsa kukula), kufikira kutalika kwakukulu. Mtundu wa maluwa achikazi, thumba losunga mazira limayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a Magulu. Masamba siakulu kwambiri, utoto wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wakuda.
Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi silinda, wobiriwira wokwanira, wokhala ndi malo ambiri owoneka bwino komanso oyera. Pa peel pamakhala mikwingwirima komanso malo owonekera. Unyinji wa nkhaka imodzi ukufika 80-90 g, kutalika 10-12 cm, makulidwe - mpaka 3 cm.
Zelentsy Germana yaying'ono, yobiriwira yakuda, yokhala ndi madzi ambiri
Ubwamuna wa amadyera ndi wandiweyani, umakhala wolimba, womwe umalola nkhaka kuti zizisungidwa bwino. Kununkhira ndikwabwino, popanda kuwawa.
Muli nkhaka Herman
Nkhaka zaku Germany zimadziwika ndi zingapo zabwino:
- zokolola zambiri (mpaka 8.5-9.0 kg / m2);
- Zizindikiro zofunikira pamsika (mpaka 95%);
- kupsa koyambirira (masiku 40-45 mutabzala);
- nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso;
- mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, sizimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew, nkhaka mosaic, cladosporiosis;
- kukoma kwabwino;
- konsekonse kugwiritsa ntchito.
Zoyipa zamitundu:
- kusagwirizana bwino kwa mbeu ku kutentha kwambiri (mu nyengo zotentha, zitsamba ziyenera kutetezedwa);
- kusakhazikika kwa chisanu;
- kuthana ndi dzimbiri;
- kulimbikira chakudya.
Zomwe zimachitika pakubzala ndi kubzala
Ziphuphu zimabzalidwa pofesa mwachindunji m'nthaka kapena mbande zomwe zakonzedweratu (njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri polima wowonjezera kutentha).
Dothi la nkhaka liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, tsambalo likhale dzuwa. Mabedi aziyikidwa paliponse dzuwa.
Kubzala nkhaka
Mbewu za nkhaka zaku Germany nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa mwanjira ndipo sizifunikira kukonzekera. Pofesa potseguka, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti nthaka isenthe mpaka madigiri 15-20 masana ndi madigiri 8-10 usiku.
Pofesa, muyenera kukonzekereratu mabowo kapena mizere yaying'ono yomwe imadzazidwa ndi humus yophatikizidwa ndi peat, mchenga ndi feteleza wa mchere. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mu gawo lapansi madzi osazama mpaka 1.5 - 2 cm. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch pamwamba pa mabedi ndi humus ndikuphimba ndi filimu.
Kuti muwone kuyatsa bwino kwa chomera chilichonse, muyenera kusiya mtunda wa 25-30 cm pakati pawo (17-18 cm).
Kubzala nkhaka poyera - video
M'madera ozizira, mutha kufesa pabedi lofunda. Kuti izi zitheke, masentimita 20 a manyowa amaikidwa mkati mwa mabedi ndikufundidwa ndi nthaka (15-20 cm). M'malo mwa manyowa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wobiriwira, masamba, nthambi zomwe zimafunikira kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuphatikiza ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Pamwamba pa bedi mutha kuphimbidwa ndi kanema kuti njira yovunda iyambe posachedwa. Pakatha miyezi 1.5-2, mutha kubzala mbewu.
Ndikofunikira kukonza mabedi ofunda m'makokedwe.
Nthawi zambiri, nkhaka zofesedwa panja m'malo ozizira zimayenera kuphimba ndi polyethylene usiku (nthawi zina mpaka pakati pa Juni).
Pakakulitsa nkhaka poyera, wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofulumira wa bedi. Kukula kwa mabedi kumakhala wamba - 20-30 masentimita kutalika ndi mulifupi. Amakonzekera masabata 3-4 asanabzalidwe. Zotsalira zilizonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepo - mulch wakale, masamba a masamba, nthambi za mtengo wazipatso. Sprigs anagona pansi, owazidwa zinyalala zina zonse chomera, yokutidwa ndi dothi kapena mchenga. Bedi lomalizidwa limatsanulidwa ndi phulusa la phulusa (kapu ya malita 10 a madzi), kenaka limakulitsa kukula (mwachitsanzo, Tamair) ndikuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene yakuda. Mutha kubzala nkhaka pabedi lomaliza kumapeto kwa Meyi, ndipo ngati mutaphimba masheya ndi zojambulazo, ndiye kuti mu Meyi wachiwiri. M'dzinja, bedi lakumunda limasokonekera ndipo ndalamazo zotsalira zimayikidwa munyenje ya kompositi.
Kubzala mbande zamkaka
Pokulira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kukonza mbande.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande zikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi milungu itatu ndi itatu isanakwane kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, mbande zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba.
Mutha kubzala m'miyala ya peat, mabokosi kapena makapu. Njira yotsirizirayi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa amachepetsa kusankha, komwe mbewu zokhazikika sizilekerera bwino.
Nkhaka mbande zabwino kwambiri mu osiyana
Zomwe zakonzedwa zadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanizika ndi peat (2: 1) ndipo mbewu zomwe zimamera m'mbuyomu zimabzalidwa mpaka ma 1.5-2 cm. Zomwe zili ndi mbeu zimasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda (kutentha kwa 23-25 zaC) ndikuyenda kuthirira kawiri pa sabata ndi madzi otentha. Pambuyo zikamera, mbande zimasunthidwa kumalo owunikira bwino (mwachitsanzo, pazenera). Ngati ndi kotheka, muthanso kukonza kuyatsa ndi phytolamp. Masiku 10 aliwonse, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa (1 lita imodzi ya mullein ndi 10 g wa urea pa ndowa).
Masamba atatu enieni atabzala pa mbande, mutha kuwasunthira kumalo kwanyengo. Ngati mungaganize zongolongetsa nkhaka pabedi, ndikofunika kubzala chimanga pafupi ndi bedi lamtsogolo (zitha kuteteza mbewu kuti zisawotchedwe ndi dzuwa).
Kukula mbande zamkaka - kanema
Kulima kunja kwa nkhaka
Kuti mukule bwino nkhaka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta osamalira - madzi apanthaŵi yake, chakudya, njira yolimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kuthirira
Nkhaka zaku Germany sizilekerera chilala, komanso sizimakonda chinyezi chambiri. Pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi (mpaka 4-5 pa sabata) kuthirira ndikulimbikitsidwa. Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachulukitsidwa nyengo yotentha ndikuchepetsedwa nyengo yamvula. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyenera.
Onetsetsani kuti madzi samagwera pamasamba komanso osasinja nthaka mozungulira mizu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Wophika nkhaka Herman F1 amayankha bwino kudyetsa, mawonekedwe awo ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana momwe angathere.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhaka imadyetsedwa maluwa asanayambe maluwa kuti azikula bwino. Munthawi imeneyi, feteleza wa nayitrogeni (mwachitsanzo urea) amafunikira mokulira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe (kulowetsedwa kwa kavalo, manyowa amphaka kapena ndowe). Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimapangidwa kuti chikhale bwino pakupanga zipatso (zomwe zimachitika popanga ovary). Zinthu zofunika pa izi ndi mankhwala a phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Ngati ndi kotheka, njirayi imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 7-8. Nthawi yonse yokula, nkhaka ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi phulusa.
Kumbukirani: nkhaka silivomereza chlorine, chifukwa chake musagwiritse ntchito feteleza wa chlorine.
Kapangidwe ka ndevu pamtchire kumawonetsa kukula kwa mbeuyo. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndevu zambiri zimachotsera mphamvu ya chomera, ndiye kuti gawo lina la masharubu liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Nthambi za nkhaka nthawi zambiri zimayamba kutulutsa m'mawa kwambiri, kotero kuti mbewuyo ikule bwino, ndikofunika kuchotsa maluwa pazinthu zinayi zoyambirira za masamba. Mukamachotsa mphukira zosafunikira, khalani osamala ndikutulutsa pafupi ndi thumba losunga mazira.
Ngati kuvala pamwamba kumachitika pokhapokha ndi organics, kuwonjezera zokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsina pamwamba (mbewuyo imatha kukula 30-30%).
Zambiri za kukula kwa nkhaka za Herman mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kukula nkhaka ya Herman mu wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala ndiubwino zingapo poyerekeza ndikukula panthaka:
- mbewu imapangidwa mosasamala kanthu nyengo;
- zipatso zimacha mwachangu kuposa panthaka (pafupifupi masiku 35-36 mutabzala);
- mu wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malowa mwakukula mwakulitsa nkhaka zamabedi molunjika.
Mwambiri, ukadaulo wa kusamalira nkhaka pamalo obiriwira ndizofanana ndi kusamalira minda yakunja. Chowonjezera ndichofunikira kuwunikira microclimate mu wowonjezera kutentha - imayenera kupatsidwamo mpweya munthawi yake. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chowonjezereka mu wowonjezera kutentha chimathandizira pakupanga bowa osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, dothi liyenera kutsukidwa chaka chilichonse chanyumba zonse (ngakhale kuthyola dothi la 3-4 cm) ndikuthira mafuta opakidwa mankhwala amtundu (supuni mu ndowa, 5 l kwa 7-10 m2).
Kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha - kanema
Zolemba za mapangidwe a chitsamba cha nkhaka Herman
Nkhaka Herman imamera m'makwalala achilengedwe ndipo sikofunikira kuti ipangidwe. Nthawi zambiri, nkhaka imamera mu phesi limodzi. Kuti muwonjezere malo obzala zipatso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwa nkhaka kuyendayenda ndikukula pa trellises.
Mukakulitsa malo obisalirako, ndi kosavuta kutsata tsinde limodzi (makamaka kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, kuti musawononge zimayambira). Amawamanga timiyala tating'ono, kuti tchire lirilonse lizilumikizana. Kuti mumange mphukira zam'mbali, zowonjezera zowonjezera za 0.45-0,5 m kutalika ndizofunikira. Tchire likafika pamtunda wa 0,35-0.4 m, tsinde lake limakulungidwa mwaluso. Kenako njirayi imabwerezedwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, imayambira mpaka 5 m kutalika itha kukhala wamkulu.
Monga tanena kale, zolakwika zinayi zoyambirira zimachititsidwa khungu, ndipo m'magawo awiri otsatira mungangosiya ovary imodzi ndikuchotsa masamba onse oyambira. Mu zolakwika zamachimo atatu otsatirawa (7-10th), mazira awiri amatha kusiyidwa, ndipo mphukira ziyenera kuchotsedwanso. Pamenepo, mapangidwe a chitsamba ayimitsidwa.
Mapangidwe nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha - kanema
Awunikira wamaluwa
Kalasi yabwino komanso yodalirika. Imalekerera kutentha mopitirira muyeso, mwamtendere komanso mwamphamvu kubala zipatso. Kungolanda kuzizira ndikungwiro. Khungu limakhala pang'ono. Koma ndidzabzala mbeu 2-3 nthawi zonse, monga wopulumutsa.
LenaVt, Moscow
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wosakanizidwa pansi pa dzina la Herman F1, adzapereka machitidwe akuluakulu komanso osavuta.
Sergey Prazdnichnov
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Zapsa zoyamba, zokolola zambiri, zodzipukuta zokha, Mankhwala owonda: Utoto wopanda pake, kununkhira, khungu loyipa, losayenera kutola. Ngakhale zaka 10 zapitazo, pomwe boom idabweranso chatsopano cha Chidatchi. Zinkawoneka kuti mitunduyo inali yabwinoko nthawi imeneyo ndipo sinali pakati pa zinthu zatsopano. Zachidziwikire, maubwino abwino monga kukhwima koyambirira, kusalemekezeka kukula kwa nthaka m'nthaka komanso m'malo obiriwira, zokolola zambiri - zonsezi ndi zowona, ndipo palibe mawu oti tisamayamikire izi nkhaka zosiyanasiyana. Ndidakulitsa m'mabedi komanso wowonjezera kutentha.
Nikolaevna
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Zikuyu ku Germany zimatha kukula ngakhale wamaluwa oyamba kumene. Sangafunike ndalama zochulukitsa nthawi, koma adzawathokoza ndi kututa koyambirira komanso kosangalatsa.
