Yoshta ndi chitsamba chomwe chimakhala chosazindikira kwambiri kuti chimatha kumera pamalo amodzi mpaka zaka 30. Kutalika kwa tchire limodzi kumafikira mamita 2.5, ndipo m'lifupi mitundu yambiri imakula ndi 1.5 metres yokha. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chomera sichimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndipo sichingatenge matenda mosavuta, osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu komanso "opanda kanthu" - opanda minga. Koma ngakhale zonsezi, chisamaliro chokhazikika chimafunikira kuti mukolole bwino.
Mbiri yakula
Kumayambiriro kwa 1900s, obereketsa adaganiza zosintha gooseberries ndi wakuda currants - kupanga zipatso, zabwino zake zomwe zinali:
Gome: Zomwe akuyembekezeredwa kuswana kwa yoshta kuchokera kwa "makolo"
| Jamu | Black currant |
| Kupanda spines | Kukaniza kuyamwa kwa impso ndi terry |
| Zopatsa | Zipatso zolemera Vitamini |
| Zipatso zazikulu | |
Ntchito yopanga mawonekedwe osakanizidwa oterewa idachitika m'maiko angapo nthawi imodzi: ku Russia - I.V. Michurin, ku USA, Germany, Sweden, Hungary. Kuyesa koyamba kudutsa jamu ndi othandizira kunabweretsa zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni: ma hybr anangofa, ndipo opulumuka adasandulika osabereka kwathunthu.
Mu 1970 kokha, mothandizidwa ndi ma genetic engineering komanso mothandizidwa ndi radiation ndi mankhwala kukonzekera, adalandira mbande zomwe zimatulutsa zipatso zoyambirira. Amadziwika kuti yoshta - kuchokera ku zilembo zoyambirira Johannisbeere - currants ndi Stachelbeere - gooseberries.
Tsoka ilo, wosakanizidwa sanakhalepo mabulosi abwino monga momwe anakonzera. Tchire limakulirakulira kwambiri ndipo popanda minga, masamba ali ngati jamu, koma amakula kwambiri. Zipatsozi zimasankhidwa mu burashi wazidutswa 5, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa, zotsika kuposa blackcurrant mu mavitamini C, koma 2-4 nthawi zazikulu kuposa gooseberries.
Yoshta ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umadutsa masamba akuda, kufalitsa jamu, ndi jamu.
Chofowoka cha Yoshta chinali zipatso zake. Malinga ndi zomwe ena awonetsa, pali zipatso zochepa pathengo kuposa owotchera ndi ma jamu, ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala kuwunikira kwamaluwa amateur pafupifupi osiyanasiyana omwe amapereka zoposa 6 makilogalamu pa nyengo. Ndipo zakudya zosinthidwa ma genet zimawopabe kudya.
Komabe, obereketsa akwaniritsa kukana kwa haibridi ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Tchire lokongola komanso lamphamvu ndilabwino kwambiri kuti muchotsepo womwe umakula wokha ndipo sufunika kudulira
Kanema: Mwachidule za hybrid wa currants ndi gooseberries
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu
Popeza wosakanizidwa anali wowerengeka m'maiko angapo komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "makolo" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pazifukwa zina ogulitsa amatcha zotengera za ma curants ndi jamu yoshta, ndipo, nthawi zina, kusiyana kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi: EMB, Yohini, Rekst, Moro, Kroma ndi Krondal.
Gome: Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri
| Mayina osiyanasiyana, komwe adachokera | Kukula kwakukulu | Masamba | Maluwa, zipatso, zokolola | Mbali ya kalasi |
| EMB, Britain | 1.7 m kutalika ndi 1.8 m mulifupi | Maonekedwe a masamba ndi ofanana ndi currant, mtunduwo ndi wofanana ndi wa jamu | Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa Epulo kwa milungu iwiri. Zipatso zolemera 5 magalamu, zokoma, zokumbutsa za jamu. Zokolola ndi zabwino, koma kucha sikofanana | Imalephera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthracnose, powdery mildew, koma imatha kukhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa impso. Kulekerera chilala |
| Johini, Germany | Kufikira 2 metres, mulifupi 1.5 metres | Makungwa ali ofanana ndi jamu, ndipo masamba ali ngati ma currants, koma osanunkhira bwino | Maluwa ndi akulu, 3-4 mu burashi. Zipatso ndizazungulira, zotsekemera. Mu nyengo, mutha kutolera makilogalamu 10 kuchokera kuthengo | Kukolola zosiyanasiyana ndi mchere wokoma |
| Rext, Russia | Wamphamvu, mpaka 1.5 metres | Masamba a Gooseberry | Zipatso zake ndi zakuda, zozungulira, 3 magalamu iliyonse, zosangalatsa. Kuchokera kuchitsamba mutha kusuta makilogalamu oposa 5 | Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kugonjetsedwa ndi nthata, impso |
| Moro | 2,5 mita kutalika, mainchesi. | Masamba a Gooseberry | Zipatso zakuda zokhala ndi fungo la nutmeg ndi kukoma kosangalatsa ndi wowawasa, zokulirapo, ngati chitumbuwa, osapunthwa; kudzipereka mpaka 12 kg | Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, osagwira matenda |
| Krome, Sweden | Wamphamvu, mpaka mamita 2.5 | Masamba a jamu | Amapezeka kwa wakuda currant cultivars Karelsky, gooseberries ndi oyera currants, omwe akukula msanga. Zipatso zakupsa pakusintha kukoma kwawo kuchokera ku jamu - m'chigawo choyamba cha chilimwe, kuti kupindika - pakutha kwa chilimwe, musataye | Osiyanasiyana omwe ali ngati nthambi zambiri, ngati mtengo, amagonjera tizirombo |
| Krondal, America | Osapitirira 1.7 m m'mbali zonse | Mawonekedwe a tsamba la currant | Amalandiridwa kuchokera kudutsa gooseberries ndi golide curators. Maluwa ndi achikasu, zipatso zimakoma ngati gooseberries. | Zipatso za mbewu zazikulu kwambiri |
Wophatikiza wa Rike adawonekeranso ku Hungary, koma palibe chomwe chimadziwika za izi.
Zojambulajambula: Mitundu ndi mitundu ya yoshta
- Zipatso za Moro yoshta sizitumphuka mutakhwima, zazikulu kwambiri, ndizokoma komanso wowawasa
- Mitundu ya EMB yoberekeredwa ku UK, kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kofanana kwambiri ndi jamu, zazikulu kwambiri
- Mitundu ya Yohini imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zotsekemera
- Krondal kola wobalidwa ku USA - wosakanizidwa wa gooseberries ndi golide currants
- Zosiyanasiyana Rekst zoperekedwa ku Russia, zipatso ndi zakuda, zonyezimira, zolemera pafupifupi magalamu atatu
Yoshta Phased Landing
Mtundu wosakanizidwa uwu ungawonetse zipatso zabwino pokhapokha nthaka yachonde:
- dongo ndi humus ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka yamchenga;
- ngati dothi lomwe lili pamalowo ndi lolemera, dongo, onetsetsani kuti mumathira mchenga ndi kompositi m'dzenjemo.
Dothi labwino kubzala yoshta ndi chernozem ndi loam chonde.
Madzi apansi ali pafupi (1-1.5 mita), ikani dzenje lakuya kwambiri, pangani ngalande yosachepera 15 cm ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukubzala chitsamba chamtundu wakuda kapena chitsamba cham'madzi pafupi kuti apukutire bwino kwa yoshta.
Malo ndi nthawi sizingasinthidwe
Chitsamba chachikulu choterochi chimafunikira malo, chifukwa chake chibzalani m'malo otentha dzuwa, osapitirira 1.5 metres kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kupatula kubzala cholinga chokongoletsera: mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi pafupifupi 50 cm.
Nthawi yabwino yodzala imayesedwa kuti ndiyambiriro kwa kasupe - masamba asanatseguke. Ngati chabzalidwe pambuyo pake, chokhala ndi masamba ndi mizu yopanda kanthu, chomera chocheperochi chimatha kufa chifukwa champhamvu chodzadza ndi manyowa a masamba. Mbande za Yoshta, zobzalidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembara kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala, zimamera bwino;
Kukumba chomera chaching'ono, muyenera kusankha malo omwe sikusefukira ndi madzi amvula. Sipafunika kukhala maenje a kompositi kapena ndulu za udzu momwe mbewa zimatha kukhalamo yozizira.
Saplings amakumba mu maenje okonzedwa kale ndi otsetsereka ku mbali ya kumwera; M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimakhala cha 1-1,5 mita
Kusankha Mmera
Malo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa amagulitsa yoshta mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseka komanso yotseguka. Pomwe mizu yopanda kanthu, yang'anirani momwe aliri: mizu youma ndi yopanda mphamvu singatenge mizu, ndipo mbewuyo idzafa.
Kuphatikiza pa mizu yake, mmera womwewo umafunikiranso kukhala ndi moyo: chifukwa, khungwa pa thunthu limatengedwa ndi chala, ndipo ngati lili lobiriwira, mmera ndi wabwinobwino
Mukadzala nthawi yophukira, masamba amayenera kudulidwa pachomera kuti phesi lomwe limatsalira limatsalira thunthu - kuti musawononge impso. Mbande zamasamba zimagulidwa bwino ndi masamba osakhazikika. Ngati yoshta amagulitsidwa mumtsuko, mutha kuwabzala nthawi iliyonse yotentha, koma nthawi yotentha chitsamba chimafunikanso kusinthidwa ndi chophimba kuchokera padzuwa.
Kutula kwa mbande padzuwa pachitsanzo cha mphesa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubzala kudapangidwa patsiku lotentha
Kukonzekera malo omwe akutsikira
Abereki ambiri amalangizidwa kuti asakonzekere maenje obzala, koma kuwonjezera humus kapena kompositi ndi feteleza wina wamafuta m'dera lonse lomwe tchire limakula. Pa 1 m2 ingotsanulira zidebe ziwiri za kompositi kapena humus ndi 1 lita imodzi ya phulusa, kukumba pansi ndikuchisiya kwa milungu ingapo. Zitatha izi, mutha kubzala mbande.
Ngati palibe njira yothira dothi lonse pansi pa zitsamba, ndiye:
- Amakumba maenje 50x50x50 masentimita kukula motalikirana ndi 1.5-2 mita wina ndi mnzake kuti atenge mbewu kapena 40-50 cm kwa hedges. Mukakumba dzenje, dothi lokwera 30 cm limayikidwa mbali imodzi - uwu ndi nthaka yachonde, yomwe ingafunikire kudzazidwa ndi mbande.
- Thirani magalamu 100 a superphosphate, 0,5 malita a phulusa, ndowa ya kompositi kapena humus, nthaka yachonde mu dzenje lobzala, sakanizani bwino. Pa dothi loumbako, amawonjezera malita asanu a mchenga wowuma.
- Malo okonzekera kubzala mmera amathiriridwa ndi zidebe ziwiri kapena zitatu za madzi.
Pamadothi amchenga, pansi pa malo ophimbawo amakutidwa ndi dongo, wandiweyani masentimita 2-3 - piloyo imasungabe chinyezi chofunikira pamtengowo. Pa dothi loumbapo, dzenje limakumbidwa 60-70 cm kuya, ngalande zimatsanulidwa pansi (pafupifupi 15 cm) - njerwa zosweka, dongo kapena miyala yophwanyika.
Pa dothi lolemera kapena dothi lonyowa, makina amadzaza madzi kuchokera kumiyala yosweka, dongo lokulitsa, njerwa zosweka
Maenje akuluakulu akonzedwa masabata awiri 2-3 asanakhazikitse.
Adabzala pansi
Mmera wogula uyenera kukonzedwa musanadzale:
- yoshta wamkulu mu chidebe amangoyikidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 10-20;
- mbande zopanda zoumba zimanyowa m'madzi pafupifupi tsiku, ndipo nthawi yomweyo asanabzike, ndikuviika mu ndowe.
Kuti mukonzekere zokambiranazo mutenge gawo limodzi dongo, magawo awiri a mullein ndi magawo asanu a madzi, sakanizani bwino.
Onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana mizu ndikuchepetsa, kuwonongeka kapena kuphwanyidwa. Dulani liyenera kudulidwamo kuti muchepetse chilondacho, kuwonjezera, yesetsani kusunga mizu yambiri yoyamwa momwe mungathere.
Magawo obzala mmera pansi:
- Timakumba dzenje lokwanira kuyika mizu ya mmera, kuyika msomali.
- Pansi pa dzenje timapanga chitunda, m'mphepete momwe timawongola mizu ya mmera, ndikuonetsetsa kuti zonsezo zalunjikidwa pansi.
Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kupanga mulu wa mizu ya chomera chaching'ono
- Osazika khosi mizu.
Kuzama kwambiri kumadzaza ndi kuvunda.
- Timamangirira mmera wa msomali ndikudzaza dzenje ndi dothi, pang'ono pokhapokha dothi ndikuthirira madzi kuti nthaka ikhale yokwanira kumizu.
Ngati wabzala mosayenera, voids amakhalabe pansi pa mizu, mmera ungagwere pansi ndipo khosi la mizu limazama kwambiri
- Mutabzala, ndikofunikira kufupikitsa mphukira kuti masamba atatu okha azitsalira pansi.
Zomera zazing'ono zimaphuka kwa zaka 2-3, ndipo zokolola zochuluka zimayamba kupereka pofika zaka 5-6.
Kanema: Kuyika yoshta kuchokera pachidebe
Kusamalira popanda nkhawa zapadera
Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa yoshta kumakhala kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi yophukira, kuthirira mu nyengo yotentha ndi kumasula kwotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala othandizira kupewa tizirombo kapena matenda ayenera kuchitika.
Kutsirira kwanzeru
Yoshta ndiwokonda chinyontho, amakula bwino ngati dothi pafupi ndi shrub ndi lonyowa pang'ono, chifukwa chake, m'miyezi yowuma komanso yotentha kwambiri, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika, kunyowetsa nthaka 30-30 cm.
Madzi molondola - kuthira madzi osati pamtengo, koma pangani poyambira kuzungulira kolona ndikutsanulira madzi pamenepo. M'lifupi mwake poyambira amatha kupitirira 20 cm.
Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumatengera kuti dothi lophimbidwa ndi mulch kapena ayi. Bare malo amauma msanga, ndipo kuthirira kumafunikira nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi zambiri 1 mita yonyowa2pafupifupi malita 30 amadzi amafunikira.
Mukathirira kapena mvula yambiri, dothi lomwe lili pansi pa tchire liyenera kumasulidwa mpaka masentimita 5, koma ngati dothi ladzaza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (kompositi, udzu, udzu, zinyalala zamasamba), ndiye kuti dziko lapansi silidzasulidwanso.
Mulching
Mulch amachepetsa udzu wobiriwira nthawi zingapo, amachepetsa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuthilira kwamadzi kambiri. Nyengo yotentha, mulch (udzu kapena utuchi) umateteza nthaka kuti isamatenthe kwambiri, kwinaku ikusunga kutentha kwa nthawi yopanga mizu ya yoshta. Kuphatikiza apo, pang'onopang'ono kuzizira, zolengedwa zimapereka zakudya zowonjezera ku mbewu. Dothi la mulch organic liyenera kukhala kuyambira 10 mpaka 20 cm.
Ndibwino kuti mukubzala, nthawi yayitali, masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi udzu, masamba kapena kompositi.
Organch mulch imaphatikizapo:
- udzu
- hay
- udzu;
- pepala logawidwa kapena manyuzipepala;
- masamba;
- utuchi;
- khungwa kapena tchipisi;
- kudula makatoni;
- kompositi
Zomera zopanda mulch sizipereka zakudya zowonjezera kwa mbewu, sizikuwola, sizikopa tizirombo, monga ma slgs kapena mbewa. Nthawi zambiri, mchenga, miyala, miyala, ma geotextiles ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa polypropylene amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga mulch, zinyalala zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kudyetsa ndikusankha
Yoshta sakukonda kuvala pamwamba:
- koyambirira kwam'mawa, ndikokwanira kuthira magalamu 30 a superphosphate ndi 20 magalamu a potaziyamu pansi pa chitsamba;
- Chilimwe ndikofunika kuphimba dothi ndi mulch yachilengedwe;
- m'dzinja, kumwaza phulusa la malita 0,5 kuzungulira chitsamba.
Othandizira kulima kwachilengedwe amatha kuwonjezera 1 chidebe cha kompositi yovunda pachomera chilichonse kasupe.
Kukonzanso Konzedwe
Nthawi zambiri, wosakanizidwa amakula kwambiri mpaka osamalira maluwa ambiri akamausiya kamodzi. Zachidziwikire, ngati mukufuna kuthana ndi yoshta, kapena kuchuluka kwa chitsamba sikokwanira inu, ndiye kuti mutha kuthetseratu. Komabe, pali yankho. Chifukwa chake, kudulira kumakuthandizani kupeza chomera chofanana (koma nthawi zina, pokhapokha mutha kuwononga):
- Yoshta, wakula ngati udzu, amapangidwa ndikudulira ngati pakufunika;
- fruiting yoshta imadulidwa mu Epulo ndi Okutobala-Novembala, pomwe nthambi zowonongeka, zosweka kapena zamatenda zimadulidwa;
- tsamba lanyundo litagwa, nthawi iliyonse ikakwaniritsidwa, kudulira nthambi zamatenda, mphukira zonenepa, ndi nthambi zamaluwa zimafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3.
Mphukira wopanda mphamvu wongopeza wobiriwira wokhawo uyenera kuchotsedwa
Chapakatikati, njira zonse zochotsera nthambi ziyenera kuchitika masamba asanatseguke.
Nthambi za yoshta zimakhala nthawi yayitali, koma ndibwino kudula, mphukira wazaka 7-8, ndikusiyira masamba asanu ndi atatu okha pansipa.
Fotokozerani momwe mungafunire
Njira zabwino komanso zosavuta kwambiri zoberekera ndi:
- kudula;
- kuswana zigawo;
- kugawidwa kwa chitsamba.
Dulani, kudula, ndi kudulanso
Pali mitundu iwiri yamasamba podula:
- zodula zodula;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira.
Tiyeni tidziwe aliyense mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuswana wobiriwira
Njira iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zachangu kwambiri zopezera mbande za yoshta. Zokolola, sankhani tchire lalitali kwambiri, labwino, ndikudula mutha kudula kangapo nthawi yotentha:
- nthawi yoyamba - koyambirira kwa June kuchokera kumtunda;
- chachiwiri - pambuyo regrowth ndi bwino kuchokera mbali nthambi;
- kachitatu - koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Kutalika kwa odulidwa sikuyenera kupitirira 15 cm.
Mukamaliza ntchito yomwe mukufuna:
- M'pofunika kuti muthane nawo mu chilichonse chomwe chikukulitsa.
- Chotsani pafupifupi masamba onse, kusiya ochepa pamwamba.
- Konzani wowonjezera kutentha: tsanulirani dothi mwatsopano chidebe, ndi dambo loyera loyera pamwamba.
- Mutabzala, kuphimba wowonjezera kutentha ndi filimu.
- Musaiwale za kuthirira nthawi zonse.
- Pambuyo pozika mizu, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo zodzidulira zomwezi zimasinthidwa posachedwa kuti zikule.
Zodulidwa zodulidwa
Pakufalikira kwa yoshta ndi mbali zobisika za tchire, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha nthambi zokhwima za nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zaka zoyambirira mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, chifukwa kudula kumeneku kumakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzika mizu ndi kulekerera nyengo yachisanu popanda mavuto:
- Dulani nthambi zathanzi ndikuzigawa m'magawo 20 cm ndi masamba 4-5. Kudula kotsika kumachitika makamaka m'malo mwa 450ndipo pamwamba ndi 1 masentimita pamwamba pa impso ndi owongoka.
- Mphukira zopangidwa zokonzeka zimabzalidwa pabedi lokonzedwa bwino mu nazale yomwe ili mumtunda wocheperako. Pa dothi lofunikira ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mchenga kapena vermiculite: ndowa ya 1m2.
- Zodulidwa zimangika munthaka pang'ono pang'ono pa mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kwina, kuthiriridwa ndi kuyilidwa ndi kompositi kapena peat kuti isunge chinyontho.
- Kuwasamalira kwina kumayamba kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi (nthaka ikamuma), kumasula ndi kuchotsa udzu.
Gwiritsani ntchito ma secateurs okhwima okha!
Zidutswa zobzalidwa bwino ziyenera kukhala ndi masamba awiri pamtunda.
Nthawi zambiri, mu kasupe, kudula palimodzi kumayamba kukula.
Vidiyo: Yozika m'magalasi
Kuyika kuswana
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira wosakanizira imagwiritsa ntchito matayala (yopingasa, yopingasa komanso yokhota). Izi sizosiyana, pokhapokha ngati nthambi ya amayi. Pansipa tikambirana njira "yopingasa":
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba asanatseguke, nthambi yosankhidwa imasankhidwa ndikugwada pansi. Kupanga nthambi kuti izi zitheke, ma studio azitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atikakanize mwamphamvu.
- Nthaka imathiridwa panthambi.
- Mphukira zazing'ono zikutuluka impso posachedwa.
- Muwagwiritse ntchito pafupipafupi (kangapo pachilimwe ngati pakufunika).
Mutabzala njirazi, munthu akhoza kukolola zochuluka mchaka chachitatu
Gawo logawa
Popeza chitsamba chimakula kwambiri, nthawi zina chimapangidwanso: chimagawidwa m'magawo angapo ndikubzala m'malo atsopano. Pakuchita kotereku, chitsamba chimakumbidwa pansi ndikugwera pansi, kudula ndi mpeni kapena kupangika pamanja m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mizu komanso mphukira wathanzi.
Zigawo za zigawozo ziyenera kupukutidwa ndi malasha osweka, pambuyo pake zigawo zakonzeka kubzala
Mizu yake ikhale ndikukula, ndipo nthambi zitatu zolimba ziyenera kusiyidwa pa tuber. Kenako ziwembuzo zimakhala m'mitsime yokonzedwa kale (onani maenje akufikira).
Kuukira ku Yoshta
Jamu ndi currant wosakanizidwa anali amazipanga kuti azigwirizana ndi impso, anthracnose ndi terry. Komabe, nthawi zina tchire limadwala ndipo limagwidwa ndi tizirombo, makamaka ndi chisamaliro chochepa.
Zithunzi Zojambula: zotheka kutsutsa za yoshta
- Anthracnose amawonekera mkatikati mwa chilimwe ndi masamba pamasamba
- Matendawa oopsa kwambiri - - terry - samachiritsidwa, amadziwonetsa pakatha zaka 4-5
- Ndi matenda okongola, tsamba limakutidwa ndi masamba achikasu ndi a bulauni, pambuyo pake limawuma
- Powdery mildew nthawi zambiri imakhudza chofooka chomera; mankhwalawa, utsi chitsamba ndi phytosporin
- Dzimbiri dzimbiri ndi mzati limapanga mawanga a lalanje, tsamba lomwe limakhudzidwa limawuma ndikugwa
Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa matenda ndi zilonda, kupanikizika kwa prophylactic kumachitika. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri iyi ndikumayambiriro kwamasana - masamba asanatseguke, ndipo nthawi yophukira - masamba atagwa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 50zaC.
Kukonzekera kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa:
- Bordeaux madzi - kuchuluka kwa sulfate yamkuwa, madzi ndi mandimu oterera kumadalira kuchuluka kwazomwe zimapanga (1 kapena 3%), choncho ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux yopanga, yomwe mungagule m'misika yaminda;
- sulfate yamkuwa - 10 magalamu a mankhwalawa amadzipereka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre;
- urea - 70 magalamu a mankhwalawa amathandizidwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: mankhwala opewera matenda
- Kuti mupeze zitsamba mchaka kapena nthawi yophukira, gwiritsani ntchito 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid
- 1% yankho la mkuwa sulphate amathandizidwa ndi tchire popewa matenda
- Pakupopera, njira ya urea ya 7% imaphatikizidwa: kasupe, mankhwalawa ndiwofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mbewu ikule
Matenda ndi tizirombo: Njira zowongolera
Monga tanena kale, yoshta ndichikhalidwe chosazindikira, koma ngati sichisamalidwa bwino, "chimataya malo ake". Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosavuta kwambiri, chotengera matenda a mavairasi, nkhupakupa. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi masamba akuluakulu kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Khanda lalikulu lokhala ndi nkhupakupa loonekera kwa ena, liyenera kumkhadzulidwa ndi kuwotchedwa
Pa mphukira zazing'ono, nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zina zimatha kupezeka.
Chitsamba chodwala chodwala chimachiritsidwa ndi phytoderm, kupopera mbewuzo kumunsi, kenako kumtunda kwa tsamba
Polankhula za matenda amtchire, ngakhale titha kukana nawo, titha kusiyanitsa 5 zazikulu zomwe tinatengera kubadwa.
Gome: Chithandizo cha Matenda
| Matendawa | Kuwonetsera | Chithandizo |
| Anthracnose | Mawanga ofiira ofiira pamasamba, mpaka 1mm kukula kwake | Kusanthula chitsamba ndi yankho la 1% ya madzi a Bordeaux chilimwe ndikukonzanso kukolola |
| Powdery mildew | Zovala zoyera zotayirira ngati ufa | Chithandizo cha phytosporin mogwirizana ndi malangizo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pambuyo masiku atatu. Muzochitika zapamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux fluid |
| Dzimbiri | Madontho a lalanje kapena bulges pansi pamasamba | Spray phytosporin kanayi ndi gawo la masiku 10. Ngati sichithandiza, ndiye kuti muthandizire ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid |
| Mose | Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu ndi abulauni, otumpira mkati | Matenda a viral. Pa mawonetsedwe oyamba, baka la karbofos amathandizidwa (magalamu 75 pa malita 10 a madzi). Kwambiri bwanji chomera kutentha |
| Terry | Maluwa amakhala ndi mtundu wopanda chilengedwe - rasipiberi, violet. Masamba amasintha mawonekedwe ake, chitsamba chimaleka kubala zipatso, koma chimakulitsidwa ndi nthambi zambiri | Matenda owopsa a virus omwe samachiritsidwa. Chitsamba chimachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. |
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chida chabwino kwambiri ndi kupewa - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mu nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira osati yoshta tchire lokha, komanso zipatso zonse ndi zipatso ndi mabulosi omwe akukula pamalowo.
Kukula yoshta m'matawuni
Chitsamba chosavomerezeka chimakula bwino m'malo opezeka anthu. Mitundu yonse imamera bwino ndikukula, koma pano sangathe kuwulula zomwe angathe kuchita. M'zaka zachisanu kwambiri, nsonga zimayamwa, ndichifukwa chake zokolola zimachepa. Komabe, monga chomera chokongoletsera, chimawoneka bwino.
Ndemanga
Onjezani ndi spoonful wa phula. Ndinakulitsa mtunduwu kwa zaka pafupifupi 5. Ndinaugula pomwe unkayamba. Zaka 2 zapitazo Tchire ndi lalikulu, koma siligwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Zipatso zimapsa pomwepo - tambalayo inang'ambika misozi, kulawa kwambiri ngati khola. Zabwino kwambiri. Ndidamva kuti zowonjezera zophatikiza zidawonekera, koma sindikufuna kuyesanso.
NK, Moscow//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=575
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, makolo anga adagula tchire msuzi pamsika. Wogulitsayo adatsimikizira kuti uwu ndi mtundu wina wapadera, wopatsa zipatso komanso zipatso zazikulu. Popeza ndidabzala chitsamba mdzikolo, mwachilengedwe, kunalibe zipatso kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ngati sindili kulakwitsa. Mtengowo udayendetsa ntchito zake zamasamba, ndikusiya zipatsozo pambuyo pake. Mwadzidzidzi, titafika pakhomopo, tinadabwa kupeza kuti yoshta wakula m'malo mwa jamu wamkulu. Tchire limamera komanso kutalika, masamba ali ofanana ndi masamba a jamu, koma minga ndichinthu chomwe obereketsa ku Germany akhala akulimbana nacho kwazaka zopitilira 40. Zipatso, zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, ndizabwino kwambiri, zilibe mbewu zolimba ndi gooseberry acidity. Zowona, atachotsedwa kuthengo ndikukakhala kunyumba popanda firiji, amayamba kuzunguzika pang'ono ndi kuwawa. Maonekedwe ake, amawoneka ngati ma jamu, koma atayang'anitsitsa, amafanana ndi chimphona chakuda chakuda. Amachotsedwa pachitsamba mosavuta, koma ndidachita izi limodzi ndi mapesi, kuti tisungidwe bwino, ngati mapesi atachotsedwa pamalo ochotsera, khungu losalala la zipatso liwonongeka. Zimasungidwa bwino mwanjira iyi ndipo sizikhala wowawasa. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zimapangidwa m'magulu a nthambi zam'munsi pafupi ndi nthaka, apo ndizokoma kwambiri, koma zomwe zimakhala pamwamba ndizochepa komanso dzuwa zimapangidwa pang'ono, koma nthawi yomweyo sizigwa.
katyushka237//otzovik.com/review_3620426.html
Ndikufuna kunena za chitsamba chomwe ndimakonda - chosakanizidwa cha mtundu wakuda ndi jamu - yoshta. Kwa nthawi yayitali ndinkaona kuti ndi yopanda ... Ndipo ndizomwe ndimakonda kwambiri mdziko muno - chaka chilichonse chitsamba chachikuluchi chimakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zakuda ... Zaka zambiri. Sindikukumbukira chaka popanda mbewu. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zakuda, ndizokoma kwambiri, ndimazidya mpaka Novembala. Zomwe sizidulidwe, zosangalatsa ngakhale kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Sitimayang'anira chitsamba mwanjira iliyonse, chaka chilichonse ndimangoyeretsa pang'ono - kudula nthambi zakale, kutsitsimutsa, ndizo chisamaliro chonse. Ndipo zokolola ndizodabwitsa chaka chilichonse! Limachita maluwa okongola kwambiri - pofika pachimake, tchire lonse limakhala lachikasu. Ana adayandikira pafupi - kotero ndikosavuta kuti likhale kumtunda, silabwino. Ndikupangira izi kwa aliyense. Mosiyana ndi jamu wosakhwima, yemwe amadwala nthawi zonse ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chitsamba ichi sichidapopera mankhwala, ndipo sichidadwalepo.
Stalker-lg//otzovik.com/review_3297634.html
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, yoshta adalengezedwa kwambiri - wosakanizidwa wa gooseberries ndi currants. Ndipo ndi zabwino zamtundu wanji zomwe sizinatchulidwe: zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zokoma, ndipo pali mavitamini ambiri kuposa ma currants, ndipo zokolola ndizambiri, ndipo sizikukhudzana ndi chisanu ndi dothi - pazambiri, ndizabwino kwa aliyense wa malo. Wogulidwa (osati wotsika mtengo), wobzalidwa. Ndiye ndimatha ndi chiyani? Zipatso ndizokulirapo kuposa ma currants, koma zowoneka bwino zazing'ono kuposa gooseberries. Inde, ndipo kulawa ngakhale kutikumbutsire "abambo" (jamu), koma otsika kwa iye; Zokolola ndizochepa - ndibwino kutchire ngati mapepala awiri a mabulosi asayidwa; kukana chisanu kumakhalanso kotsika. Pambuyo yozizira, muyenera kudula nthambi zambiri zowonongeka. Mwambiri, kutsatsa sikuli koona. Ngakhale, mwina ndinali wopanda chidwi?
kale3745//irecommend.ru/content/ne-vpechatfire-151
Wophatikiza wa currants ndi gooseberries wayamba kutchuka, koma pali ndemanga zake za onse okangalika komanso osasangalatsa. Pofuna kuti musapeze chomera china cholakwika, gulani mbande kwa okhawo omwe mumawadalira ndipo, mwina, yoshta idzatenga malo ake oyenera m'munda mwanu.
