Mitundu ya mphesa imagawidwa kukhala odyera komanso zaluso. Makristalo ndi a m'gulu lomaliza, koma sizitanthauza kuti ndi oyenera kukonzekera vinyo. Mitundu yambiri yaukadaulo imakhala yokoma chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, kukoma kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake osiyana, omwe amadziwika mosavuta ndi ma gourmets. Pamodzi ndi kukana chisanu, zabwinozi ndizokwanira kupereka Crystal kuti ikhale yotchuka pakati pa akatswiri olimawo aku Russia, kuphatikizira omwe alibe chidwi ndi winemaking.
Kufotokozera zamitundu ya Crystal mphesa
Crystal ndi mphesa zamtundu wina wochokera ku Hungary. Ndilo gawo laukadaulo. Zoweta makamaka mitundu ya mphesa yomwe imaphatikiza bwino acidity ndi shuga wambiri. Ndi mtundu uwu wa mitundu yaukadaulo yomwe imawapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera winemaking. Pankhani ya kukoma, iwo siotsika kwambiri ngati ma canteens, koma omalizawa ali ndi zipatso zokulirapo komanso zopindika.
Mphesa za Crystal sizikuwoneka bwino kwambiri, koma musakhale ochepera pa izi
Pakati pa makolo akale a Crystal pali mitundu ya Challoci Lajoche, Villars Blanc ndi Amursky. Adalandira zokoma ndi shuga zomwe zinali ziwiri zoyambayo (ChiHungary), komanso kusalemekezanso komanso kuzizira kozizira kuyambira omaliza. Crystal akulimbikitsidwa kuti ulimidwe ku North Caucasus dera ndi Russian State Register, koma machitidwewo akuwonetsa kuti imapulumuka bwino ndikubala zipatso m'magawo omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri - m'chigawo cha Central, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia komanso ku Urals. Zowona, pankhaniyi, pogona nyengo yachisanu ndiyofunikira.
Mphesa za Amur - m'modzi wa abale apafupi kwambiri a Crystal, omwe omaliza adalandira chisanu chokana
Maonekedwe a Crystal mphesa ndi zoyipa, koma zipatso osiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, ali ndi zamkati yowoneka bwino komanso yosalala yokhala ndi shuga wambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, msuzi umasanduka wonenepa kwambiri, ngakhale wowonda. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zolemera 1.6-2 g mu mawonekedwe a mpira wapafupipafupi wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa 5-7 mm. Khungu limakhala loyera komanso lofiirira. Ndiwotetepa, koma wandiweyani, ndiye kuti zipatso zimasokonekera kwambiri. M'malo omwe dzuwa limagwera zipatso, khungu limakhala ndi golide kapena chikasu chikasu.
Vinyo wa mphesa wa Crystal amayamikiridwa osati ndi okhawo omwe amachita amateur, komanso akatswiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Maburashi a Crystal, omwe amadziwika kuti mitundu yonse yamitundu, ndi yaying'ono. Kulemera kwawo kwapakati pa 160-200 g.Mnyengo zabwino makamaka malinga ndi nyengo, kulemera kwawo kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 320-350 g. Kapangidwe ka burashi kofanana ndi chulu komwe kaliikidwa pamwamba, sikamasiyana pakachulukidwe kapadera. Kuphatikizika kumafika 85-90% ya zipatso.
Mphesa Crystal ndi waukulu woyamba
Mphesa za Crystal zimacha pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Chiyambire kubwera kwa thumba losunga zipatso, masiku 110-115 akudutsa. Ngati sanakonzekere kupanga vinyo kuchokera pamenepo, ndikofunikira kuti zipatsozo zizipachika pang'ono pamtengo - izi ziwapangitsa kukhala okoma. Opanga makina salandila izi, chifukwa kukoma kwa zinthu zomalizidwa kumakhala kochepa ndikukhala kowlemera. Koma kudziwonetsa mopambanso sikoyenera - masango ayamba kupukuta. Kututa ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambira pamabrashi otsika kwambiri.
Masamba a mphesa a Crystal sakhala okwera, koma amasiyanasiyana pamlingo wokula. Masamba amakhala a pakati, kakulidwe kabiriwira kolimba, kosalala. Akuwombera chikasu-beige ndi mawu ochepa ofiira.
Malalawo ali ndi chidwi - makulidwe omwewo amasiyidwa ndikuwoneka bwino, ndipo masamba athunthu amatha kupezeka pafupi.
Masamba a Crystal mphesa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza pamtengo umodzi
Ubwino ndi zoyipa
Mwa zabwino zazikulu za Crystal mphesa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatsimikizira kutchuka kwake pakati pa wamaluwa, zimapezeka.
- ambiri odzikuza pochoka. Kukula Crystal ndi mphamvu ngakhale kwa wamunda wopanda luso. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri komanso nyengo yabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mbande ndizosavuta kuzika mizu, kulekerera bwino kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa chothira, kusunthira mwachangu kumera;
- kukana matenda omwe amakhala pachikhalidwe. Crystal samakhala ndi zovuta zowona komanso zowawa. Sichimakhala ndi kachilombo, ngakhale nthawi yotentha komanso mvula. Ndi imvi zowola zimakhala ndi kuteteza kwachilengedwe;
- kukana kuzizira. Zosiyanasiyana zimalekerera kutentha mpaka -28 ... -30 ºº popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukule ku Russia, komanso osati kumadera otentha akum'mwera komanso gawo lake ku Europe, komanso ku dera la North-West komanso ku Urals (malinga ndi malo achitetezo nthawi yachisanu);
- zokolola. Kuchokera pa 1 m², kutsata njira yomwe idalimbikitsa kubzala, ma 5-6 kg a zipatso amachotsedwa. Pansi pavuto loyipitsa, chizindikirochi chitha kupitilizidwa. Masango omwe akhwima sawonongeka, zipatso pa iwo sizimasweka ndipo sizigwa. Kristalo amatha kugwira ntchito ngati pollinator kwa mitundu ina ya mphesa;
- shuga wambiri komanso juiciness. Ichi ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yonse ya mphete yaukadaulo. Zomwe zili mu shuga mu zipatso za Crystal ndizosachepera 18% (nthawi zambiri zimayandikira 20%), zipatso zamadzimadzi ndi 68-72%. Pamodzi ndi kukoma kwabwino, izi zimapangitsa kukhala wopikisana nawo mitundu yambiri ya tebulo;
- konsekonse kugwiritsa ntchito. Makristalo sioyenera kupanga vinyo, ngakhale akatswiri odziwa zambiri amatamanda kukoma kwake. Kuphatikiza pa kudya zatsopano, zipatsozi zitha kupukutidwa, msuzi, compote, jamu, kukonzekera kwina kopangidwa;
- Kukula ndi kusabereka mosavuta. Ngati kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika chaka chilichonse kumapeto, osasiya "maso" asanu ndi amodzi pa mphukira iliyonse, chaka chamawa pali kukula kwambiri kwa mpesa komanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zokolola. Ponena za kubereka, nthawi zambiri, osati mbande zokha, komanso zodulidwa zomwe zimapangidwa bwino zimazika mizu, ngakhale zitsamba zokutira sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chipatso cha mphesa cha Crystal ndi ponseponse kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
Zolakwika zochepa za Crystal mphesa zimatha kuwerengedwa ngati wachibale. Nthawi zambiri pakati pawo amatchedwa osawoneka bwino zipatso ndi maburashi. Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti zipatso zokhala ndi shuga wambiri zimasangalatsidwa mosamalitsa ndi mbalame ndi tizilombo. Khalidwe la Crystal ndi kusuntha kochepa. Koma kukoma kwa zipatso munjira zoyendera sikumavutika.
Mavu omwe amakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa madzi a mphesa amawononga zipatsozo
Tikufika
Crystal, monga mitundu yonse yaukadaulo, amadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri, kubzala zinthu mwachangu kumachitika bwino. Njira yobzala imayamba ndikusankha mmera woyenera. Amagulidwa kokha ku nazale kapena m'masitolo apadera. Kugula pamanja pamsika kapena paulimi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Osati kuti mupeza mitundu yomwe mukufuna. Ndikosatheka ngakhale kutsimikizira kuti ndi mphesa.
Nazale momwe mmera udagulidwa uyenera kukhala pamalo omwewo monga okonzera, kapena kumpoto. Mphesa zotere zimasinthasintha bwino komanso nyengo yanyengo.
Mbande yabwino ndiyo njira yabwino yokolola zambiri mtsogolo
Njira yayikulu yomwe iyenera kutsatidwa posankha chomera ndi momwe mizu imayambira. Iyenera kupangidwa, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mizu itatu yotalika kuposa 10 cm ndi mainchesi a 3-5 mm. Mizu yathanzi, yosalala, yofiirira kunja ndi yoyera pa odulidwa.
Moyenera, muyenera kugula mmera wokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Zomera zoterezi zimasiyiratu kupatsirana ngati zikuchitika mwanjira ya kupatsirana, popanda kuwononga dongo. Komano sizingatheke kuti iwo aziwona momwe mizu imayambira.
Mutha kubzala mphesa m'dzinja ndi masika. Njira yoyamba imachitika nthawi zambiri kum'mwera komwe kumakhala kotentha. Mukabzala mbande kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ndiye kuti chisanu choyamba sichikhala miyezi iwiri. Ino ndi yokwanira kuti chomera chizolowere moyo watsopano.
Kubala masika ndi njira yokhayo madera otentha. Nyengo kumeneko sindimayerekeza, kuzizira kumabwera mosayembekezereka ndipo nthawi zonse sikugwirizana ndi kalendala. Popita nthawi yachilimwe, mmera umadzakula kuti uzitha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu m'malo atsopano. Zoyesa zobiriwira zimabzalidwa mu Epulo kapena theka loyamba la Meyi, zobiriwira kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June.
Mphesa zotsogola mogwirizana zimafunikira kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (ndizowonjezereka). Mthunzi, mbewuyo ikapsa, zipatso zimayamba kukhala zouma. Chifukwa chake, kwa mbande, malo otseguka amasankhidwa, koma ayenera kutetezedwa momwe angathere kuzizira. Zabwino, mwachitsanzo, ndi malo oyandikira pakati pa phiri lofatsa lomwe lotsetsereka limayang'ana kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo. Kutali kwakutali ndi kotsala, chotchinga chachilengedwe kapena choyikirachi chikuyenera kupezeka chomwe chimateteza. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mphesa pafupi ndi 5-6 mamita kuchokera pamitengo yazipatso zilizonse.
Pakubzala mphesa muzisankha malo amadzuwa ndi chitetezo pamphepo
Malo osayenera kwenikweni - malo aliwonse otsika. Chapakatikati, sungunulani madzi pachithaphwi pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi mpweya wonyowa nyengo yonseyo. Zonsezi, ndi zina zimatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa mizu. Komanso Crystal molakwika amatanthauza madzi apansi oyandikira pansi. Ndikofunika kuti azinama pansi pa 1.5 mita mobisa.
Mizu ya mphesa imapangidwa bwino, kotero kuya ndi kupendekeka kwa dzenje lobzala kuyenera kukhala osachepera 80 cm (kwa dothi lamchenga - osachepera 1 m). Kuphatikiza apo, amateteza mizu kuti isazizire nyengo yozizira. Pansi pake, dothi lakuya la 5-6 masentimita dongo lakukulitsidwa, mwala wosweka, ndi mwala ndi lofunika.
Kudzala dzenje la mphesa kuyenera kukhala kwakuzama mokwanira, kukonzekeretsa pasadakhale
Kenako, zigawo zitatu za gawo lapansi lachonde (chernozem, humus kapena nthaka yachikale) zimapangidwa mu dzenje, pafupifupi 12-15 cm, lopatulidwa ndi feteleza. 180-200 g ya superphosphate yosavuta ndi 130-150 g ya potaziyamu sulfate amawonjezeredwa kawiri. Kuthira feteleza m'malo mwatsopano ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Zonsezi ndizopakidwa, kuthiriridwa madzi okwanira (malita 50-60), ndiye kuti dzenje limakutidwa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimalola madzi kudutsamo.
Ngati dzenjelo likukonzedwa mu kasupe, limayenera kuima osachepera milungu iwiri; bowo limakumbidwa pansi pa nthawi yophukira pakugwa.
Mphesa zimabzalidwa pokhapokha nthaka ikamatentha mpaka 10ºº,, ndipo kutentha kwa mzere masana kwa masiku 7-10 sikugwe pansi pa 15ºº. Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa chizindikiro cha wowerengeka - maluwa a maluwa otchedwa bird, dandelion, masamba akutulutsa pa mabatani.
Duwa lotulutsa maluwa limatanthawuza kuti nthaka idawotha bwino kuti ibzale mphesa
Njira zopangira:
- Pafupifupi tsiku limodzi asanabzike, mizu ya mmera imanyowetsedwa m'madzi mpaka 23-25 ° C. Mutha kuwonjezera potaziyamu wambiri wamadzimadzi (kumtunda wapinki) kuti mupeze mankhwala opha majeremusi, kapena biostimulant (Kornevin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, msuzi wa aloe, succinic acid) kuti mukulitse chitetezo chokwanira ndikusintha bwino pazikhalidwe zina. Kenako muyenera kudula mizu, kufupikitsa ndi 1.5-2 cm.
- Mizu imayikidwa mu chisakanizo cha dongo la ufa ndi yankho la potaziyamu humate. Ukulu wokonzedwa bwino mosadukiza uyenera kufanana ndi zonona. Muyenera kusiya kuti ziume.
- Mmera umalowetsedwa kudzenje kuti masamba ambiri atembenukire chakumpoto, ndipo chidendene cha muzu chimalowera kumwera. Zomera za pachaka zimakonzedwa molunjika, mbewu zazaka ziwiri (kuchokera 25 cm wamtunda) - pakatundu pafupifupi 45º mpaka nthaka. Kusunga mizu bwino.
- Payipi ya pulasitiki yaying'ono yotalikirana (pafupifupi 5 cm) imakumbidwa mu dothi kuti gawo limodzi la iyo limalunjikitsidwa ku mizu ya mmera, ndipo yachiwiri imadzuka ndi 8-10 masentimita pamwamba panthaka.
- Dzenje limakutidwa bwino bwino ndi dothi laling'ono (chisakanizo cha dothi lakuda kapena matope achonde ndi mchenga waukulu wamtsinje mu chiyerekezo cha 1: 1), nthawi zina ndikuchita. Sikoyenera kuyerekezera ndi dziko lapansi. Mapeto ake, muyenera kupeza bowo lakuya masentimita 7-10.
- Akuwombera amafupikitsidwa, ndikusiya "diso" lotsika. Mmera umadzala ndi madzi ambiri, umawononga madzi okwanira 35-40 malita. Dothi pansi limapangidwa, kumangirizidwa ndi filimu yakuda pulasitiki. Bowo lokhala ndi mtanda limadulidwira mmera, kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira imakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa, kapu yagalasi. Akayamba kukula, pogona amatha kuchotsedwa.
- Thirirani mbewuyo kudzera paipi yokumba, yomwe dzenje limapangidwanso mu filimuyo.
Mmera wamphesa wobzalidwa ukhalebe dzenje ndikuzama masentimita 7-10
Kubzala muyalidi sikuli kosiyana ndi masika. Chokhacho chomwe chikufunika kuonjezerapo ndikuzaza chitunda kuchokera pansi kapena peumb crumb kutalika kwa 10 cm pamizu ya chomera ndiku mulch bwalo lozungulira ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 0.5 m.
Mbande za mphesa za Crystal biennial, mosiyana ndi mphesa zapachaka, zimabzalidwa pansi, zimayikidwa pakatikati pa dothi
Njira yodzala mphesa zimatengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kupanga vinyo, mtunda pakati pa mbeu ndi masentimita 75-80. Mphesa za tebulo zimabzalidwa nthawi zopitilira ziwiri. Pakati pa mizere kusiya osachepera 2 m (makamaka 2,5-3 m). Kapangidwe koyenera ka mphesa ndikofunikira - mbewuzo zimalandira chakudya chokwanira, choyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Amapatsidwanso mpweya wabwino - izi zimathandizira chisamaliro chawo ndipo ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera yomwe imathandiza kupewa kuoneka ndi matenda ambiri komanso tizirombo.
Mtunda pakati pa tchire cha mpesa umadalira cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito chipatsocho.
Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka malo othandizira. Kusankha kosavuta kwambiri ndi trellis wamba: pakati pa nsanamira, waya woonda amatambasulidwa mozungulira m'mizere ingapo kutalika pafupifupi 50 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 150 cm.Anthu onse amaphukika amamangidwa kuti azithandizira pokhapokha. Pakumala izi zimakula ndikubereka zipatso chimodzimodzi. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndi "maso" akulu okha omwe amakhala.
Ma tapestry amafunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa
Mphesa m'mundamu zimafuna malo ambiri, koma pakati pa tchire ndizotheka kubzala mbewu zina zotsika mwachitsanzo, masamba, zitsamba zonunkhira. Mazu awo ndi apamwamba, motero sangapikisane ndi mphesa zomwe mizu yake imapita mpaka 4-5 m nthaka.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mphesa molondola
Malangizo a Kulima
Mitundu ya mphesa yaukadaulo ndiosavuta kusamalira kuposa mitundu yonse yamitundu ya canteen.
Kuthirira
Mphesa ndizomera zotentha, choncho amakonda chinyezi. Koma ana ang'onoang'ono okha osakwana zaka 2 amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira. Amathiriridwa madzi mutabzala. Kenako mtengo womwewo (35-40 l) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pachomeracho masiku onse a 7-10 kwa miyezi itatu yotsatira.
Ndi mbande zazing'ono zokha za mphesa zomwe zimathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi
Kwa mbewu zachikulire, kuthirira kwambiri ndi koopsa. Nyengo imathiriridwa nthawi 4, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 15-20. M'dzinja, mutatha kuphukira, zotchedwa kuthirira kwamadzi (70-80 l) kumachitika, pokhapokha nyengo yozizira komanso mvula. Komanso, mbewuyo imafunikira chinyezi masamba ake akamaphuka, nthawi yopanga mazira azipatso ndipo pafupifupi mwezi umodzi kutatsala kotheka kukolola.
Kutsirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa sabata lisanafike maluwa. Kupanda kutero, masamba adzagwa, kucha kwacha kumachepera.
Nthawi zambiri, mphesa zimathiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi pansi omwe amakumba pansi, izi zimathandiza kuperekera chinyezi mwachangu mizu yomwe imalowera munthaka
Njira yosayenera yothirira ndikumwaza. Zimatha kubweretsa kukulira kwa bowa yambiri yama pathogenic. Mphesa zimadana ndi masamba onyowa. Chifukwa chake, bwino, ndikofunika kuyika visor pamwamba pa trellis kuti muteteze ku mpweya. Ndikofunika kuthirira mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodontha kapena kudzera mapaipi apadera amakumba pansi.
Kubwezera komwe kumatsalira pamasamba ndi zipatso za mphesa kumatha kubweretsa kukula
Ntchito feteleza
Crystal ilibe zofunika zapadera pakuvala kwapamwamba. Ndikokwanira kuphatikiza kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakula ndikutulutsa zipatso.
Poyambirira, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni. Urea, ammonium sulfate, youma ammonium nitrate (15-20 g / m²) amwazikana pabwalo loyandikira. Njira ina - feteleza womwewo umaphatikizidwa ndi malita 10 amadzi, yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Pakatha zaka 2-3 zilizonse, manyowa, manyowa owola, ndi kompositi (10-15 l / m²) zimayambitsidwa.
Humus - feteleza wogwira bwino wa mphesa
Mu nthawi yophukira, mphesa zimadyetsedwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate (25-30 g) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (10-15 g) mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena ngati yankho.
Njira yachilengedwe ndi phulusa lamatanda (1.5-2 L).
Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous
Palinso feteleza wovuta wopangidwira mphesa. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Master, Florovit, Kemira, Mortar, Novofert, Plantafol. Yankho lokonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo limafafaniza masamba asanayambe maluwa ndi masabata 1.5-2 atapangidwa mazira azipatso.
Yankho la feteleza aliyense limakonzedwa mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo
Kukonzekera yozizira
Mphesa za Crystal poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina sizizizira kwambiri, koma zigawo zomwe zimakhala zotentha zomwe sizabwino kwambiri kuti zikule mbewuyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizingoloweka ndi kuzika mizu yake.
Mphesa za Crystal zimakhala ndi kukana chisanu
Kuti tichite izi, mkati mwa yophukira, bwalo loyandikira limatsukidwa bwino ndi zinyalala zamasamba ndikuyika ndi peat crumb, humus. Muyenera kupanga mawonekedwe osanjikiza ndi 10 cm. Phiri lomwe kutalika kwake kuli 20-25 masentimita limathiridwa pafupi ndi thunthu. Ndikofunika kupangira masamba ang'onoang'ono mpaka zaka zitatu zathunthu, pogwiritsa ntchito makatoni okhala ndi kukula kwabwino odzazidwa ndi udzu.
Mutha kumanga kachulukidwe kanyumba kuchokera pa zigawo zingapo za burlap, zokutambasirani.
Ndikofunika kuti ndizophimba kwathunthu mbande zazing'ono za Crystal mphesa za dzinja
Ngati ndi kotheka, mphukira amachotsedwa mu trellis, woyikidwa pansi ndikufundidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Mutha kujambulanso pamwamba pazinthu zilizonse zolimba zolimba mpweya. Chipale chofewa chikangogwa, chimayikidwa pamimba, ndikupanga chipale chofewa. M'nthawi yachisanu, chimakhala chokhazikika, motero pangafunika kukonzanso kachulukidwe ka katatu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuthyola kutumphuka kolimba komwe kumapangidwa pamtunda.
Lapnik amateteza bwino mphesa ku chisanu
Chapakatikati, pogona chimachotsedwa pokhapokha kutentha kwa mpweya kumaikidwa pa 5ºС. M'madera omwe nyengo yachisanu ikadzabweranso siyachilendo, mutha kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono m'nyumba yopumira. Ngati kuzizira kumadziwika kale, tsiku kapena awiri izi zisanachitike, mbewuzo zothira mafuta ndi yankho la Epin. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha masiku 8-10.
Matenda atizilombo komanso tizirombo, titetezedwe kwa iwo
Mphesa Crystal imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, sichikhala ndi bowa wa pathogenic. Komabe, kupewa sayenera kuyiwalika. Kawiri pachaka (masiku angapo asanafike maluwa ndi kuphukira), mbewuzo zimapopanitsidwa ndi njira yothira fangayi yomwe inakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo. Ikhoza kukhala madzi a Bordeaux aatali komanso otsimikizika, sulfate yamkuwa, komanso mankhwala amakono (Horus, Topaz, Abiga-Peak, Kuprozan, Skor).
Bordeaux madzi amatha kugula kapena kukonzekera pawokha
Kuchokera kuzirombo zambiri, yankho la Nitrafen (20 g / l) limathandiza bwino. Zomera zimathandizidwa ndi izo kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito, masamba atayamba kale kutuluka, koma osaphuka. M'nyengo yotentha, pafupi pamwezi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni, yankho la phulusa la sopo, colloidal sulfure.
Vuto lalikulu la wosamalira mundawo ndi mbalame ndi mavu. Amakopeka kwambiri ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso fungo labwino. Mutha kuteteza mbira kwa mbalame pophimba mbewuzo ndi ukonde wolimba. Njira zina (zowopsa, zopangira phokoso, zotupa zonyezimira, magalasi) zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa.
Mesh molondola amateteza mphesa ku mbalame
Njira yabwino yochotsera mavu ndikupeza ndikuwononga zisa zonse zomwe zikupezeka patsamba lino. Misampha yapadera ya pheromone ndi zopangira tokha imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino. Njira yosavuta ndi chidebe chomwe chimayimitsidwa pafupi ndi kubzala, chodzaza ndi madzi a shuga (uchi kapena chodzaza ndi madzi).
Kusalira ndi kulima
Nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi tsinde likufunika kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Zabwino, izi zimayenera kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ikagwa mvula, koma ngati singagwire, osachepera 6-8 pachaka chimodzi. Kupalira kumachitika pofunikira. Kuti tisunge nthawi yomwe tawononga paiwo, mulching ingathandize.
Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamasamba amalimbikitsa kamodzi pamasabata 1.5-2 kuti "aphatikizeni" mphesa zopangidwa mu burashi wa utoto wamba kuti muchotse zinyalala. Masango oyera oyera amawoneka okongola kwambiri ndipo sangadwale.
Kudulira
Kudulira ndikofunikira kuti zipatso zambiri zitheke. Kupanda kutero, msipu wobiriwira umakula mwamphamvu, thumba losunga mazira limagwa, zipatsozo ndizochepa komanso zimasiya kukoma. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti katundu woyenera pa chomera wamkulu si oposa "maso" 60-65.
Kudulira mphesa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokha chakuthwa
Chapakatikati, mphukira zomwe zimasweka kapena kuzizira nyengo yachisanu zimachotsedwa. Kudulira mosasinthika panthawiyi sikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakuti mabala onse omwe amapakidwa pamtengowo amachiritsa moipa komanso amamasula madzi mokwanira - njuchi. Amadzaza "maso", omwe "wowawasa" chifukwa cha izi, sangatsegule kapena kuvunda. Mutha kutaya osati zokolola panthawiyi, koma chomera chonse.
Mphukira zazing'ono mchaka zimakula mwachangu kwambiri. Akakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 2-3, amadzichotsera. Nthawi yachiwiri ikamadzachita izi, ikadzakula mpaka 12-15 cm. Izi zimathandiza kuti katundu pazomera azikhala kwambiri ngakhale mtsogolo. Mphukira zomwe zafika kutalika kwa 60-70 cm zimangirizidwa ndi trellis. Popewa kuvulaza, amagwiritsa ntchito waya wapadera wokutidwa ndi pepala kapena chotupa chamadzi.
Kupangidwe kwa chitsamba cha mphesa ndi njira yovuta kwambiri
M'nyengo yotentha, amayang'anira maonekedwe a "stepons", nthawi zonse amawadula. Mphukira zomwe sizigwira bwino ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsamba chiwonongeke, kupewa magetsi ake amodzimodzi komanso mpweya wabwino, zimachotsedwanso. Mu malingaliro akulu, tsitsani pamwamba pomwe wafika pamtunda wa masentimita 170-180.
Kudulira kwakukulu kwa mphesa Crystal kumachitika mu kugwa, pafupifupi masabata 2-2.5 masamba onse atagwa. Ndikofunikira kukhala nthawi isanayambe chisanu woyamba. Pambuyo pawo, nkhuni zimakhala zosalimba, zitha kuvulaza mbewu. Ndondomeko imachitikanso pa kutentha kwa mpweya osati kotsika kuposa -3ºº.
Pa mbande zazing'ono, mphukira zamtundu wa 4-8 zomwe zakula kwambiri ndikutsalira, zimazifupikitsa nthawi yomweyo kuposa "diso" lachinayi kapena lachisanu. M'minda yayikulu, gawo lamunsi la thunthu ndi mphukira zamuyaya mpaka masentimita 40-50 zimatsukiratu mphukira .. Pa omwe apanga nyengoyi, chotsani mitengo yonse, tsinani nsonga, kufupikitsa mphukira ndi 10%.
Kudula kulikonse kumachitika kokha chakuthwa ndi chida chakuthwa. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kukameta ubweya wa saizi yoyenera - zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa ndizochepa.
Vidiyo: kudulira mitengo ya mpesa wamkulu
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Chaka ndi chaka cha Crystal sichofunikira, chaka chino panali magulu ambiri osakwanira. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino pacholinga chake. Mutha kudya, koma khungu ndi mafupa salola kuti zizichitika mwachikhalidwe.
_Anton//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1438
Ku Yekaterinburg, Crystal inakhazikika pofika nyengo yachisanu komanso yotentha pofika 20 Ogasiti. Lero adatola mbendera yoyamba - mphete zisanu ndi imodzi zamtundu wa 350 g. Ndine wokondwa mopenga, nditakhala woyamba kubala zipatso zabwino. Banja lonse linakonda kukoma, mphesa zinatha ndi bang. Mafupa mkati mwa zipatso amapsa ndipo, njira, nthawi zambiri sawonekera akadyedwa. Mipesa ndi yamphamvu, kutalika kwa 4-5 m. Wood ikupsa mukutumphuka kwathunthu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti chaka chamawa zokolola zikhala zitakhazikika kale. Ponena za kukoma kwa Crystal, dzulo lokha panali gawo losangalatsa. Alongo anachita chikondwererochi. Patebulopo panali mphesa za mitundu iwiri zomwe zinagulidwa. Ndipo aliyense, osanenapo mawu, ankanena kuti mphesa zawo zomwe zabzala mdziko muno (ndipo ichi chinali Crystal) ndizabwino.
AndreyS//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=378962
Kwa ine, Crystal ndiosangalatsa poyambira monga mitundu yopanda kuphimba, ndipo zipatso zake sizabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera sunazizire, zomwe zimatsimikizira mosazungulira kuzizira kwambiri. Ndili ndi tchire tiwiri tambiri, umodzi umamezanitsidwa pa Rusball, pa iwo panali zipatso kamodzi ndi theka kuposa pamizu. Lawani, fungo lamchere.
Saksens//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?s=2e09f8198f0e22782e2ee85af8d4f180&t=1438&page=2
Kristalo adayamba kulowetsa mabulosiwo. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kuli ngati, magazi a Amur amakhudza. Tchire ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Yokhazikika nthawi zonse ndi zokolola, kucha ndi kucha. Chokoma, khola, Hardy Hardy. Pakanakhala malo, ndikanadzala mzere wazoyera.
Vadim Utkin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=487.0
Ma kristalo mdera langa ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira komanso yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa, ndipo popeza imagwiranso ntchito ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, imakhala yolimba nthawi yachisanu, imatha kusungidwa ndi magawo awa. Nyengo iyi, adachitiratu zithandizo zodzitetezera zokha, sanadyetse, sanasinthiretu, chitsamba chomwe chinakokedwa mosavuta ndi mabulashi awiri pa mphukira, zonse pamodzi kuchokera ku tchire la ana atatu azaka zitatu (koma adabzala wazaka ziwiri) zinali pafupifupi malita 15. Kuchekedwa sabata limodzi pafupi ndi Plovsky yomwe ikukula, adapeza shuga wambiri, kupachikidwa kwa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, osataya mtundu - mdzukulu wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi yemwe anali mlendo anali kumudya tsiku lililonse. Mwachilengedwe, palibe chomwe chinatsala kuti chikhale juwisi, kochepa kwambiri ndi vinyo. Zithunzithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizabwino kwambiri. M'njira zonse, iyi ndi kalasi yaukadaulo, koma popeza ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino aukatswiri, ndiyabwino kwambiri, imadyedwa ku chitsamba ndimikhalidwe yanga.
Yuri Semenov//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=104.0
Zowonadi, mphesa ya Crystal ili ndi zabwino zambiri, koma pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri - chimataya asidi posachedwa pakucha. Ili ndi vuto kwa winemaker, popeza vinyo amakhala "lathyathyathya", kotero ndidachichotsa mu assortment yanga.
Algerd//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=104.0
Mphesa Crystal ndi wa mamiliyoni aukadaulo, umawerengedwa koyambirira kwambiri. Kudera lathu la Volgograd, lidabwera. Mphesa ndi zazitali kutalika, ndipo zipatso zake ndizopopera. Mtundu wonyezimira. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, m'malo ometa komanso okoma. Ndimakonda izi mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kutsekemera kwake komanso kukoma kwake, thupi lake limakhala lokoma komanso khungu lake limakhala loonda. Mphesa za Crystal zimatha kupirira matalala mpaka -29ºº. Mphesa sizimadwala, zimagwirizana ndi matenda a virus. Ndimapopera ndimadzi a Bordeaux kawiri pa nyengo: yophukira ndi masika. Mphesa za kristalo zomwe timadya makamaka. Mitundu iyi imapanga vinyo wokoma komanso wokoma. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga juwisi, yomwe ndimayendetsa mu juicer. Madziwo amasanduka achikasu, okoma komanso olemera.
Tutsa//otzovik.com/review_2035652.html
Crystal ndi mitundu ya mphesa yoyambirira yomwe ili m'gulu laukadaulo. Koma pankhani ya kukoma, zipatso zake sizokhala zocheperako zokha, koma nthawi zambiri zimaposa mitundu yotchuka ya matebulo. Palibe chovuta pankhani yosamalira mbewu. Malalanje ndi zipatso zambiri, omwe amakhala ndi vuto lozizira pang'ono, samatha kupewedwa kumatenda ambiri monga mphesa. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yabwino kwambiri kuti ikalimidwe ku Russia.
