Mbuzi-Dereza: Zonse Zokhudza Kutchuka Kwambiri Kwa Cauliflower

Cauliflower m'minda ya Russian wamaluwa ndizofala, komabe ndizochulukirapo kuposa zachikhalidwe choyera. Ambiri, makamaka oyamba kumene, samayesa kubzala chikhalidwe chosazolowereka, akuwopa zovuta zovuta kuzisamalira. Inde, kolifulawa ndiyofunika kwambiri komanso yopatsa chidwi kuposa kabichi yoyera, koma palibe zauzimu zomwe zimafunikira kwa wolima dimba. Chifukwa cha ntchito yolimba ya obereketsa m'masitolo, mbewu za mbewu zimaperekedwa m'njira zambiri. Zomwe apanga posachedwa ndi monga Cosa Dereza zosiyanasiyana, zomwe wamaluwa adathokoza nazo mwachangu.

Kodi kolifulawa ya mitundu ya Mbuzi Dereza imawoneka bwanji?

Mndandanda wamitundu ndi ma hybrids a kolifulawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilima m'malo otentha mu State Record of the Russian Federation mulinso zinthu zoposa 140. Koma si aliyense amene akutchuka ndi wamaluwa. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zapanga posachedwa kwambiri komanso bwino kwambiri za obereketsa ndi mitundu ya Koz-Dereza. Woyambitsa ndi kampani yopanga mbewu ya biotechnology. Anaphatikizidwa mu State Register mu 2007 ndipo posakhalitsa adakhala mmodzi mwa okondedwa pakati pa nzika za Russia za chilimwe.

Koza-Dereza - kolifulawa yosiyanasiyana yomwe idatchuka mwachangu pakati pa olimi a ku Russia

Zosiyanasiyana zimasankhidwa kale. Kuchokera kuoneka kwa mbande mpaka kucha kwa masamba a kabichi, pafupifupi masiku zana, kuyambira mphindi yobzala mpaka kukolola - masiku 55-70. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha, mukabzala mbewu ndi mbande zokhala ndi "mafunde" ochepa, mutha kutenga zokolola 2-3 pakulima.

Rosette ya kolifulawa ya Cosa Dereza ndi yaying'ono, koma masamba ndi amphamvu, amawongoleredwa molunjika. Dothi lawo limakutidwa bwino, m'mphepete mumakhala thovu. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira. Zoyala zopyapyala zaimaso zaimtambo zimapezekanso.

Rosette wa masamba mu kabichi ya mitundu ya Kosa-Dereza ndi yaying'ono, koma masamba ndi amphamvu

Kutulutsa kulikonse kumakhala ndi masamba 20-25. Mutu umabisidwa pang'ono ndi iwo. Muli mozungulira, wowonda pang'ono, wopanda chotupa kwambiri. Kabichi amawoneka bwino, mitu ya kabichi yolumikizidwa. Kulemera kwa aliyense wa iwo ndi makilogalamu 0.6-0.8, koma "akatswiri" olemera 3-4 kg nawonso amakhala okhwima. Ogwira bwino ntchito kwambiri wamaluwa adatha kukula makilogalamu 6.6,5-kilogalamu kabichi. Ma inflorescence ndi oyera-oyera, wandiweyani, koma owutsa mudyo komanso odekha. Ngakhale mutu wa kabichi udulidwe, iwo 'sawuma'.

Masamba a Kosa-Dereza wochita kulima pang'ono amafukiza

Zokolola wamba ndi 3.2 kg / m². Ubwino wosatsutsika wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusasinthika kwaubwino kwa mitu ya kabichi, yomwe imakulolani kuti muwachotse nthawi. Zipatso Koza Dereza mosasunthika, ngakhale nyengo nyengo yachilimwe siyabwino kwambiri kukula kabichi. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi "plasticity" yazachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, amadwala mosakhazikika mpaka -10 ° C popanda kudzipweteka kwambiri.

Zokolola pa kabichi yamitundu ya Koza-Dereza ndi yabwino kwambiri, mitu imadzuka limodzi

Cholinga cha kabichi zamtunduwu ndizodziwikiratu. Mbuzi-Dereza ndi yoyenera mitundu yonse ya mbale zazikulu, komanso kukonzekera kwanyumba, komanso kuzizira. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Onse akulu ndi ana amakonda kabichi. Mbatata zosenda mmenemo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa kudyetsa ana akhanda.

Cauliflower samangokhala wathanzi, komanso wokoma kwambiri

Monga kolifulawa iliyonse, pakukula bwino kwa Kose-Deresa, mikhalidwe ina ndiyofunikira. Chikhalidwe chimalola kuchepa kwa nthawi yochepa, koma ngati chimatsika -10 ° C kwa nthawi yayitali, kabichi imazizira pakukula. Chikhalidwechi chimakonda chinyontho, chimalekerera chilala chisamaliro, kuima kuti chikule. Koma simungathe kupita patali kwambiri ndi kuthirira - izi zimakhudza kuperewera kwa mpweya kuzomera. Mwambiri, kolifulawa imakonda kukhazikika, sakonda kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kutentha, chinyezi.

Pokonzekera nyumba, kabichi ya Kosa-Dereza amasunga inflorescence yoyera

Kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe pamitunduyi ndi 16-18ºС. Ngati kukuzizira, mitu imakhala yaying'ono, yopunduka, yasiya kukoma. Pa 25 ° C ndi kupitilira, mmera umatha kukula, inflorescence imatha "kumasuka".

Kabichi Mbuzi-Dereza ili m'gulu la mitundu yoyambirira kucha, munthawi yomwe mumatha kukolola zokolola ziwiri

Kanema: kufotokozera kwa Koza Dereza

Malo obadwira chikhalidwe ndi Mediterranean. Ku Russia, sanazike mizu kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa chokonda kutentha. Koma zonse zidasinthika motsogozedwa ndi Catherine II, pomwe katswiri wazodziphunzitsa yekha A. Bolotov adabweretsa mtundu wosagwira chisanu womwe ungapangitse mbewu kukhala nyengo yabwino.

Kabichi ya Kosa-Dereza ili ndi mavitamini komanso ma microelements ambiri ofunikira pamoyo wamunthu. Mwapadera kwambiri ndi mavitamini U osowa, komanso mavitamini A, C, D, E, K, H, PP, gulu lonse la B. za zinthu - potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, fluorine, cobalt, mkuwa. Ndipo zonsezi pamtengo wotsika kwambiri wa calorie - 8-10 kcal pa 100 g. Cauliflower ndiwofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amatsatira zakudya, poyesera kuchepa thupi. Muli ndi michere yokugaya mosavuta, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi "wopusitsa" thupi, ndikupangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chidzalo chifukwa chodzaza m'mimba. Mwa njira, fiber iyi ndi yachifundo kwambiri. Imagayikiridwa mosavuta ngakhale pakhale matenda am'mimba, kuphatikizapo zilonda zam'mimba ndi gastritis yomwe ili pachimake.

Ma inflorescence a kabichi amitundu ya Koza-Dereza ndi wandiweyani, koma owutsa mudyo

Mwa njira, kolifulawa ndikufanizira zipatso ndi vitamini C. 50 g yokha yazogulitsa ndizokwanira kukwaniritsa zofuna za thupi tsiku ndi tsiku. Chochititsa chidwi pachikhalidwe ndi kupezeka kwa biotin. Izi zosowa monga izi zimathandizira kupewa kukula ndikuthandizira pochiza matenda ambiri apakhungu, komanso ndizothandiza kwambiri kwamanjenje. Kugwiritsa ntchito kolifulawa pafupipafupi kumathandiza kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali, kupsinjika, matenda a kutopa kwambiri, nkhawa zosafunikira. Izi zamasamba ndizofunikanso kwa amayi apakati. Mavitamini a Folic acid ndi B ndi kupewa koyenera kwa vuto lokula mwa fetal.

Pali zotsutsana. Chenjezo muyenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kolifulawa ngati mukudziwa kuti mumakonda kuchita ndi mavuto ena onse. Pochulukirapo, amadyedwa pamavuto ndi mafupa, kwamikodzo kapena cholelithiasis. Ndi koletsedwa konse kuphatikiza masamba awa mu zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a purine metabolism.

Kanema: Ubwino Wathanzi la Cauliflower

Kukonzekera kwanyengo

Ubwino wa gawo laling'ono la Koza-Dereza limafuna zochuluka. Monga kolifulawa iliyonse, mizu yake imakakulitsidwa, siyapamwamba. Ili pamtunda wa 25-25 cm okhaokha. Njira yabwino yachikhalidwe ndi yachonde, koma madzi owuma ndi nthaka yanthaka osalowerera kapena acidic acid-base reaction (chernozem, grey lapansi, loam). Sizotheka kukulitsa Kozu-Dereza m'nthaka yac acid kapena saline, komanso gawo lofanana ndi dambo.

Humus imalowetsedwa m'nthaka kuti ichulukitse chonde chake

Cauliflower ali ndi malingaliro olakwika pa acidization wa nthaka pamizu. Amayamba kuvunda mwachangu, wosamalira mundawo amataya zambiri kapena zina zonse. Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa zowola, musabzale Kozu-Dereza m'malo omwe madzi oyandikira pansi amakhala pafupi ndi mita, kapena m'malo otsika. Madzi amvula amayimirira pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali, lonyowa, ndi kuzizira kumadziunjikira.

Kukonzekera kama wamabichi kumayamba kugwa. Nthaka amakumbidwa mosamala, nthawi yomweyo amasankha mbewu zonse ndi zinyalala zina. Mukuchita izi, chilichonse chofunikira chimawonjezeredwa: humus kapena kompositi wozungulira (15-20 kg / m²) kuwonjezera chonde, ufa wa dolomite kapena mazira a ufa (200-400 g / m²) kusintha mulingo wa asidi woyambira, superphosphate wosavuta ndi potaziyamu. (motero 140-160 g ndi 100-120 g) - kupatsa mbewuzo machungulo omwe amafunikira kuti akule ndikukula. Awo omwe amakonda kuvala mwachilengedwe atha kulowa m'malo mwa feteleza wa mchere ndi phulusa la nkhuni (0.8-1 l / m²).

Bedi lodzala kolifulawa limayamba kukonzekereratu

Chapakatikati, pafupifupi masabata awiri 2-3 isanafike, bedi limamasulidwa bwino. Ngati feteleza sanagwiritse ntchito kuyambira pakugwa, cholakwikacho chimakonzedwa. Pamafunika humus ndi zovuta za nayitrogeni-phosphorous-potaziyamu (Azofoska, Nitrofoska, Diammofoska) mu mlingo woyenera wopanga. Manyowa atsopano samasiyanitsidwa konse. Imachulukitsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo izi zimakhudza kusayenerera kwa mbewu. Vuto lina lomwe lingakhalepo ndikuyambitsa mazira ndi mphutsi za tizirombo, tinthu timene timayambira pansanja.

Dolomite ufa - osakhala ndi zoyipa mukamayang'ana Mlingo wa deoxidizer

Chofunika pakuwunikira kolifulawa. Ngakhale penumbra yopepuka siyigwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ichi. Malowa akhale otseguka, owala bwino ndi dzuwa, koma ndikofunikira kutetezedwa ku zojambula zozizira komanso mwadzidzidzi kamphepo. Cholephereka chilichonse chopangidwa ndi anthu kapena chachilengedwe chomwe sichimabisa bedi chizitha kugwira ntchito iyi. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti kolifulawa ndi chomera cha masiku ochepa. Ngati masana masana amatha maola 12 kapena kupitilira apo, inflorescence imakhala yodziwika mwachangu, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo siili yokoma komanso "yabwino" kwambiri.

Kholifulawa amabzalidwa padera

Musaiwale za kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Kholifulawa ndi wa banja la Cruciface, ndipo "abale" aliwonse amtunduwu ndiomwe adalowetsa m'mbuyomu. Pambuyo pa mitundu ingapo ya kabichi, radish, radish, rutabaga, mpiru, daikon, itha kubzalidwe pabedi lomweli osapitilira zaka 3-4. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukula Kozu-Dereza komwe ma nyemba, solanaceae, dzungu, anyezi, adyo, kaloti, amadyera anakula izi zisanachitike. Chaka chilichonse, kapena kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, amasamutsidwa kumalo atsopano.

Ma radad, monga Crucifers ena, ndi omwe amatsogolera kolifulawa

Kalifulawa kwa mbewu ndi mbande zake

Kolifulawa ya Caussa-Dereza ingabzalidwe m'nthaka ndi mbande, ndi mbewu, koma ambiri olima m'minda amachita njira yoyamba. Izi ndichifukwa cha nyengo komanso kusakhazikika kwa nyengo mu Russia yambiri.

Mbewu za kolifulawa zimabzyala m'nthaka, koma m'malo ambiri a Russia, chifukwa cha nyengo yamtundu, njira yotsalira yolimira mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kutengera ndi dera linalake, njere zimabzalidwa mbande kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena khumi oyamba a Epulo. Mbande sizimakula mwachangu, zakonzeka kusunthidwa kumalo osatha patatha masiku 40 zitamera, theka lotsatira la Meyi. Pakadali pano, akuyenera kukula mpaka 15-18 cm kutalika ndikukhala ndi masamba 4-5 owona.

Rosette wa masamba a Goat-Dereza ndi wophatikizika, koma kabichi iyi sakonda kubowola. Amabzyala pabedi, ndikusiya masentimita 50 pakati pa mbeu zoyandikana, pakati pa mizere - 40-45 cm. Izi zimagwira pambewu ndi mbande. Simuyenera kuyesa kusunga malo ndikuyika kolifulawa pansi pa mitengo yazipatso - potenga chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka, sikuti akupikisana nawo, koma mtengowo umapanga chithunzi chosafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi kayendetsedwe kosiyanasiyana kosiyana.

Omwe alimiwo odziwa maluwa sazibzala paliponse nthawi imodzi, koma mafunde a 2-3 omwe amakhala ndi masiku 10-12. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere nthawi ya zipatso.

Kupititsa kumera, mbeu zimakhazikitsidwa. Njira yosavuta ndikumakhala ndi batri pabokosi mpaka kuwaswa, kapena kukulunga mu nsalu yothira ndi madzi otentha chipinda kapena yankho la pinki la potaziyamu. Kupukuta kuyenera kumakhala konyowa nthawi zonse. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito biostimulant iliyonse (Epin, Emistim-M, potaziyamu humate, msuzi wa aloe, presinic acid).

Epin - imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri

Pali njira yovuta kwambiri. Mbewu kwa kotala la ora limamizidwa mu thermos yokhala ndi madzi otentha (45-50º,), ndiye kwenikweni kwa mphindi zochepa kumizidwa mumtsuko wozizira. Pambuyo pake amasakanikirana ndi peat yonyowa kapena mchenga ndikusungidwa mufiriji usiku kwa sabata limodzi, ndikusunthidwa kumalo otentha kwambiri mnyumbayo kwa tsiku limodzi.

Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kumakonzekeretsa bwino kumera kwawo

Gawo lomaliza - kukhazikika kwa mphindi 15 yankho la biofungicide (Fitosporin-M, Bactofit, Fitolavin). Mankhwalawa amawononga bowa yambiri, ndipo kolifulawa iliyonse imayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda otere. Asanatsike, amasambitsidwa m'madzi ndikuwuma kuti akhale otaya.

Mbewu za kolifulawa zimabadwa molingana ndi ma algorithm otsatirawa:

1. Makapu a Peat okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 10cm amadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi lokonzekera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi zotere, zomwe mtsogolomo zimathandizira kupewa kutola ndi kufalikira. Mizu ya mbande imakhala yosalimba. Dothi limagulidwa m'sitolo kapena kukonzedwa palokha mosakanikirana pafupifupi mitundu ingapo yama humus, peat, nthaka yachonde komanso mchenga wowuma. Pazigawo zonsezi, gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala losawilitsidwa ndikuwonjezera supuni ya phulusa la nkhuni kapena phula la kaboni pa ma 2 malita. Uku ndikothandiza kupewa chitukuko cha "mwendo wakuda".
   

   Miphika ya peat imapewa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya kolifulawa - mbewu zimasinthidwa kumunda limodzi ndi chidebe

2. Pafupifupi ola limodzi njirayi isanachitike, dothi mumaphika limakhala lonyowa pang'ono. Mbewu zimabzalidwa zidutswa 3-4 mumchombo chilichonse, zoyikidwa ndi 0,5-1 masentimita. Patulani ndi mchenga wabwino pamwamba. Miphika imakulungidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena kuyikidwa pamwamba pagalasi kuti ipange "wowonjezera kutentha".
   

   "Zomera zobiriwira" zokhala ndi nthangala za kolifulawa zimatsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuti mpweya wabwino uzichoka
3. Mpaka mphukira yoyamba, zotengera zimasungidwa mumdima pamtunda wa 20-22ºС. Atangooneka, amatsitsidwa kwambiri mpaka 8-10 ° C masana ndi 5-6 ° C usiku. Munjira imeneyi, mbande imakhalapo kwa sabata limodzi. Ndikosavuta kupanga zoterezi mu chipinda chopanda tsankho kwa iwo, motero ndikofunika kusunthira miphika kupita ku loggia yowala. Pambuyo pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, matenthedwe amakweza 13-16 ° C. Chofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndi kuyatsa. Ngati kulibe kuwala kwachilengedwe kokwanira kupereka maola 10-12 patsiku (ndipo m'malo ambiri a Russia ndi), kolifulawa imayatsidwa ndi fluorescent, LED kapena phytolamps apadera. Mphukira zimathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono, kuletsa gawo lapansi kuti lisaume. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muzigwiritsa ntchito njira yofiirira ya pinki ya potaziyamu m'malo mwa madzi ofunda.
   

   Mbewu za kolifulawa zimafunikira malo otukuka bwino

4. Asanadzalemo mu nthaka, mbande zimadyetsedwa kawiri - mu gawo la tsamba lenileni komanso pambuyo masiku ena 10-12. Njira yothetsera michere imatha kukonzedwa payokha pofinyira madzi okwanira 2,5 mpaka g wa nayitrogeni, 2 g wa phosphorous ndi 1.5-2 g wa feteleza wa potaziyamu. Palibe zoyipa ndizogulitsa zapadera (Rostock, Kemira-Lux, Mortar). Asanadye kaye koyamba, zipatsozo zimasiyidwa, kusiya imodzi mwa mbande mumphika woyamba, yamphamvu kwambiri ndikukula. Zotsalazo, kuti zisavulaze mizu, zimadulidwa kapena kumanikizika pafupi ndi nthaka yomwe.
   

   Rostock ndi feteleza wotchuka wopangidwa makamaka kwa mbande
5. Masiku 7-10 asanagwetsedwe, kuumitsa kumayamba. Mbande zimatengedwa kupita kumweya watsopano, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe zimagulidwa kunja kuchokera maola 1-2 mpaka tsiku lonse. M'masiku atatu omaliza, kabichi ngakhale "amagona" mumsewu.
   

   Kukhazikika musanalime mu nthaka kumathandizira kolifulawa kuti isinthane mwachangu ndi malo okhala m'malo atsopano

Kanema: Kubzala mbewu za kolifulawa kwa mbande ndi kusamaliranso mbande

Sikoyenera kuchedwetsa ndikamatera panja. Mbande zokulira sizingafanane ndi zochitika zatsopano, nthawi zambiri zimakhala mitu yaying'ono yotayirira kapena "yophuka" konse.

Kuti mutsate njirayi, sankhani tsiku losatentha. Pamaso pake, mogwirizana ndi njira yobzala, mabowo 10-12 masentimita akuya amapangidwa ndikuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi kotero kuti kabichi imabzalidwa "matope". Pansi ikani humus pang'ono, supuni ya supuliflower yosavuta (kolifulawa ndiyofunika kwambiri pamtundu wa phosphorous m'nthaka) ndi anyezi mankhusu (fungo lonunkhira limathira tizirombo tina).

Mbande zimayikidwa m'nthaka masamba awiri oyamba a cotyledon. "Pakatikati" yake iyenera kukhala pamwamba. Kenako tchire limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikukonkhedwa ndi humus kapena peat crumb kumunsi kwa tsinde. Mpaka pomwe mizu isazike, imakhazikika padenga kuti iwateteze ku dzuwa. Muthanso kutseka kolifulawa ndi nthambi zamalawi, zipewa zamapepala.

Mbewu za kolifulawa zimayikidwa m'nthaka mpaka masamba ochepa

Mukabzala mu dothi mwachindunji, kukonzekera kwa mbewu kumachitidwanso. Amabzalidwa zitsime zokonzedwa zidutswa zingapo, ndikukulitsa ndi masentimita atatu ndi kumwaza mchenga pamwamba. Dothi pakadali pano lakuya masentimita 10 liyenera kutenthetsa mpaka 10ºº. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kukonzekera ikamatera kale kuposa zaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi m'madera otentha komanso koyambirira kwa Epulo komwe kumatentha.

Kubzala mbewu za kolifulawa mu nthaka kumachitika makamaka m'malo otentha akum'mwera

Asanatuluke (zimatenga pafupifupi sabata), kama wake umakhala wolimba. Mbewu zikangotuluka, ma arc amaikidwa pamwamba pake ndikutseka ndi zoyera zilizonse zoyera zamkati (agril, lutrasil, spanbond). Amayeretsa ngati pakatha mwezi ndi theka.

Zinthu zophimbirazi ndiziteteza kolifulawa ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena kuzizira

Kusamalira mbande sikusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mbande zimafunikira kunyumba. Amathiridwanso mozama ngati dothi lapamwamba limawuma (nthawi zambiri wokwanira masiku 4-5), limadyetsedwa ndikuwongoleredwa nthawi yomweyo. Bedi limafunikira kuti lizimasulidwa nthawi zonse ndikuumasulidwa. Kuteteza ku nthomba zopachika, mbande zongobwera zaka 10 mpaka 10 zimapukutidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni, tchipisi cha fodya ndi tsabola wofera pansi.

Malangizo a Zakusamalira Mbewu

Kholifulawa ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera, koma ngati mungapangitse kuti zinthu zikule bwino, sizifunikira chilichonse chovuta kwa wolima dimba. Bedi limasulidwa, limasulidwa katatu pa sabata, koma mosamala kwambiri, mpaka kuya kosaposa 7-8 masentimita - mizu yazomera ndiyopamwamba. Koyamba mchitidwewo umachitika patatha masiku 6-8 ndikubzala mbande mu nthaka. Ndikofunika kuchita izi mutathilira kamodzi, koma si onse wamaluwa omwe ali ndi mwayi.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira Mbuzi-Dereza ndizofunikira. Kholifulawa makamaka amafunikira madzi panthawi yopanga inflorescence. Musalole kuti dothi liziuma. Koma kuthirira kwambiri kumakhalanso kovulaza. Izi zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa muzu zowola.

Ndikofunika kuthirira kolifulawa ndi kukonkha, kusanja mvula yachilengedwe. Ndiye mutha kunyowetsa nthaka moyenerera. Ngati palibe kuthekera kwaukadaulo, madzi amathiridwa m'nkhokwe pakati pa mizere ya ikamatera, koma osati pansi pa tsinde. Mizu, yopanda kanthu, imafulumira.

Cauliflower ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyontho, izi zimagwiranso ntchito pambewu zake, ndi zomera zachikale

Mbande zazing'ono zimathiriridwa kamodzi kamodzi pakadutsa masiku atatu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 7-8 a madzi pa mita imodzi. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi mutabzala m'nthaka, zopangidwira pakati pa njirazi zimachulukitsidwa mpaka masiku 4-6, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafika pa 10,5 l / m². Zachidziwikire, zonsezi zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala pamsewu. Pakutentha kwambiri, mitu ndi masamba zimatha kudonthezedwanso kuchokera ku botolo lamapeto madzulo dzuwa litalowa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Mbuzi-Dereza ndi mtundu wakucha kwambiri. Kwa iye, kudyetsedwa kwa 3-4 pa nyengo yake ndikokwanira. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi ikuchitika patadutsa milungu iwiri mutathira mbande m'mundamo, kenako - ndikubalirana kwa masiku 12-14.

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, chikhalidwe chimafunikira nayitrogeni kuti athandize kabichi bwino kumanga msipu wobiriwira. Mbuzi-Dereza imathiriridwa ndi yankho la feteleza wa nayitrogeni aliyense (10 g pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena manyowa atsopano ng'ombe, zitosi za mbalame, maudzu aliwonse omwe amakula pamalowa (masamba a nettle ndi dandelion amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri).

Urea, monga feteleza wina wa nayitrogeni, amaikidwa panthaka, kupenda mosamala mulingo woyenera.

Ndikofunika kuti osapanikiza ndi nayitrogeni. Mlingo woyenera, ndiwothandiza pamtengowo, koma zochulukirapo za microcell iyi m'nthaka, chofooka cha mtengowo chimachepa, kolifulawa siyipanga mitu yabwino, nitrate imadziunjikira mu inflorescence.

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle musanagwiritse ntchito kumasefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8

Chachiwiri ndi chotsatira kudyetsa - phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Gwero lachilengedwe la macronutrients awa ndi phulusa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito zonse mu mawonekedwe owuma komanso kulowetsedwa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate wosavuta ndi potaziyamu (25-30 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Amasinthidwa ndi feteleza wapadera wa kabichi (Kristalin, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Master).

Mbuzi-Dereza, monga kolifulawa iliyonse, imafunikira boron ndi molybdenum kuti ikule. Ndi kuchepa kwake, mitu imakhala yotuwa, "yong'ambika". Chifukwa chake, osachepera kamodzi pamwezi, amathiridwa ndi yankho la mankhwala apadera. Mutha kuphika nokha, kuthira mu lita imodzi ya madzi 1-2 g ya ammonium molybdenum acid ndi boric acid.

Kanema: Malangizo Akusamalira Malonda

Kuyeretsa

Cauliflower yoyera ngati chipale chofewa imawoneka wowoneka bwino kwambiri, wobiriwira kapena pabuka. Kusintha mtundu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwala kwadzuwa. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi limapwetekanso. Kuti asunge mthunzi wa inflorescence ndi kulawa chibadidwe cha Cosa Dereza, ndipo akamakula, mutu wokulirayo umakutidwa ndi masamba akumunsi, ndikuwadula. Njira imodzimodziyo imakulitsa kukula kwa mitu ya kabichi - michere yambiri amatumizidwa kwa iwo.

Kuphimba mutu wa kolifulawa ndi masamba ake, mutha kusunga utoto ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a Koza-Dereza

Matenda, tizirombo ndi kayendetsedwe kake

Tsoka ilo, kolifulawa imagwidwa nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Zosiyanasiyana Kosa-Dereza wochokera kwa omwe adapanga chitetezo adalandira chitetezo chokwanira, koma samatetezeka kwathunthu ku matenda. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo, ndikofunikira kusamalira bwino mbewu. Zomera zathanzi zimadwala nthawi zambiri. Njira zina zodziletsa ndizoyang'anira kuzungulira kwa mbeu komanso njira yoyenera yobzala (popanda "kubwangula"). Asanabzale, mbewuzo zimafunika kuzifutsa mu njira yothira fangayi.

Ngati vutoli likuwoneka pa nthawi yake, nthawi zambiri limatha kuthana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku wowerengeka. Iwo, mosiyana ndi mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse, ndipo omaliza - pokhapokha atapangidwa mitu. Tizilombo tambiri sitimakonda fungo lamphamvu. Pafupi ndi bedi ndi kolifulawa ndi ma kanjira, anyezi, adyo, timbewu tonunkhira, maluwa, basil, komanso tchire, lavenda, marigold timabzala.

Ngati simunawone kuyambika kwa matendawo, ndipo ambiri a mbewuyo ali kale ndi matenda, simuyenera kuiwala. Kabichi yotere imatulutsidwa ndikuwotchedwa kuti isapitirire kufalikira. Dothi m'malo ano limatetezedwa ndi kutulutsa ndi 3% mkuwa wa sulfate kapena rasipiberi wa potaziyamu wa potaziyamu wa potanganum.

Mwa tizirombo, zowononga zambiri za kolifulawa zimayambitsidwa ndi:

• Akabuluka kabichi. Amaikira mazira pansi. Mphutsi zimaswa kwa iwo kumadya mizu ndi tsinde, ndikudya “timizere” titaliitali. Chomera chimachepetsa kukula, kuuma. Kuwopseza akuluakulu, dimba lozungulira malo ozungulirazungulira lazunguliridwa ndi mapira, udzu winawake, mbewu zimapopera thonje ndi sopo wanyumba kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi viniga wamadzi (15 ml pa 10 l). Kuti muthane nawo agwiritse ntchito Tanrek, Mospilan, Fufanon.
• Amphaka amphaka. Amadya masamba amiyala, kusiya masamba ochepa okha kwa masiku angapo. Akuluakulu amakopeka ndi pheromone ya shopu kapena misampha yopangira tokha. Zapansi zakuya zimadzazidwa ndi kupanikizana, shuga manyuchi, uchi wothira madzi. Usiku, mutha kuyatsa gwero loyatsa pafupi. Entobacterin, Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocide amawopseza mankhwala awo. Makatani amawonongeka mothandizidwa ndi Actellik, Fufanon, Confidor-Maxi.
• Tizilomboti tambiri. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kusintha masamba kukhala chofunda m'masiku angapo. Amawopa kutali ndi kununkhira kwa adyo ndi nsuzi za phwetekere. Nthaka yomwe ili m'mundamo idavunda ndi phulusa la nkhuni, tchipisi cha fodya ndi tsabola wofiira. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, Trichloromethaphos ndi Fosbecid amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Slug. Amadyetsa tinthu timene timadya, kudya mabowo akuluakulu mumasamba ndi inflorescence. Chovala chasiliva chomata chikuwoneka pamtunda. Amawopseza ma slgs, mozungulira bedi ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira, kupopera ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mpiru. Pansi pa tsinde, "chotchinga" chimapangidwa ndi singano za paini, mchenga, mazira a pansi kapena nsonga, tsabola wotentha. Zowola zitha kusungidwa pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito misampha. Matanki amakumba pansi, theka ndikudzaza ndi mowa, kvass, magawo kabichi. Kuchulukana kwa tizirombo ndi chinthu chodabwitsa. Pankhaniyi mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala - Meta, Bingu, Sludge.
• Kabichi aphid. Chimadyera pamadzi chomera. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tofiirira timene timamatirira masamba. Ma dothi angapo a beige amawonekera, omwe amawoneka bwino pakuwala. Chotsani nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zitsamba zilizonse zokhala ndi fungo lakuthwa. Muyenera kupopera kabichi masiku khumi ndi anayi aliwonse. Komanso masamba owuma a fodya, masamba a mpiru, masamba a mandimu, mivi ya adyo, nsonga za mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira. Ma infusions omwewo amathandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo, ngati nsabwe za m'masamba sizambiri. Cauliflower amangoyesedwa katatu patsiku. Nthawi ikatayika, Biotlin, Aktaru, Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: zomwe zimawoneka ngati tizirombo zowopsa kwa kolifulawa

Matenda achikhalidwe:

• Mucosal bacteriosis. Masamba obiriwira "akulira" akuwonekera pamitu. Pang'onopang'ono zimada, kufalitsa fungo losasangalatsa. Popewa, kolifulawa imatsanulidwa ndi Mikosan, Pentaphage. Ngati matendawa apita patali kwambiri, amangotsalira basi. Pakakhala zina zowerengeka, minofu yomwe imakhudzidwayo imadulidwa, ndikuwazidwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena makala okhazikitsidwa ndi ufa.
• Zovunda. Mizu yake imakhala yakuda, kukhala yochepera kukhudza. Pansi pa tsinde amatembenukira bulauni, ofewa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yopewa ndi kuthirira koyenera. Ndikofunika kusintha m'malo mwa madzi wamba kamodzi pakatha masabata 1.5-2 ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Tazindikira zizindikiritso zoyambirira za matendawa, kutsirira kumacheperachepera. Gliocladin, makapisozi a Trichodermin amalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
• Aliyense. Matenda owopsa kabichi iliyonse, njira zochiritsira zomwe palibe. Tumphuka tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafanana ndi zotupa zimapezeka pamizu, gawo la mlengalenga limawuma ndikumwalira. Njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbewu. M'munda momwe kabichi idavutika ndi keel, sichitha kubwezeretsedwa kale kuposa zaka 5-7. Ndikofunikanso kuthirira mbewu masabata atatu aliwonse ndi yankho la ufa wa dolomite (200 g pa 10 malita a madzi), ndi kufumbi nthaka ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
• Alternariosis. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga akuda bii, pang'onopang'ono amasintha kukhala mabwalo ozungulira. Amauma mwachangu ndi kufa. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti pakhale kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri. Popewa, nthaka m'mundamu ndi yamafuta ndi choko chophwanyika kapena kuthira ndi Plriz, Bactofit.
• Fusarium Masamba amasintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu, wokutidwa ndi mawanga obiriwira, mitsempha imadetsedwa. Kenako amagwa, inflorescence ndi yopunduka. Kwa prophylaxis, Fitosporin-M kapena Fitolavin amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira. Pakadali pano chitukuko cha matendawa, chitha kuchiritsidwa pochiritsa zomerazo komanso dothi lomwe linali m'mundamo ndi Benomil kapena Fundazol.
• Peronosporosis. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi malo owoneka oyera achikasu. Mbali yolakwika imakokedwa kwathunthu ndi chidutswa cha mauve. Tiziwalo tomwe timakhudzidwa timawuma ndikufa, mabowo mawonekedwe. Popewa, bedi laphimbidwa ndi choko chophwanyika, mbewu zomwezo zimasefa ndi phulusa. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, fungicides iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: mawonekedwe akunja a matenda ofanana ndi kolifulawa

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Kholifulawa chaka chino ndi zokongola. Nayi Mbuzi-Dereza yanga, pafupifupi pansi pa 2 kg.

Kuzya68

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Chaka chino ndili ndi mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya kolifulawa ndi Alfa, Kosa-Dereza ndi Alrani. Alrani si woyipa, koma enawo palibe.

Admin

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M'chaka chachinayi m'moyo wanga, ndi kabichi yokha yamtundu wa Kosa-Dereza yomwe yapangidwa, mitundu yotsala yamitu siyimanga. Chavuta ndi chiyani, sindinamvetsetse. Adabzala mbande zake zonse ndikugula. Zofanana zimafesedwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi mu nazale, kenako ndikuziika kumalo osatha. Mwakutero, ndikotheka kufesa pomwepo malo okhazikika - kumera ndikwabwino, palibe chifukwa chofesera.

Alay

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Ndimakulitsa Mbuzi-Dereza zosiyanasiyana za kolifulawa. Kukula chifukwa cha kulawa ndi kukulitsa mutu mwachangu. Choyera ngati chipale, chokoma, chopanda kuwawa, mwana amakonda mawonekedwe osaphika, mwamunayo mumaphika. Ndimayesa kupsa koyambirira - 5, zokolola - 4.5, kukoma - 5+, kukana matenda ndi zovuta zina - 4.5.

Bezhechanochka

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Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu nyengo yapita, mitu yabwino ya kabichi idatulukira. Adabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Mbuzi ya kolifulawa. M'mbuyomu, sizinali zotheka kukula chinthu chamtengo wapatali, ndipo ngakhale momwe zimakhalira sizinali kuti zikule, koma tsopano ndadzuka ndipo ndikuganiza zitha.

Valentine

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Kosa-Dereza ndi wabwino kwambiri, amakula nyengo zonse. Folokoyo ndi yoyera ndipo satuluka kwambiri masamba.

Larisa Pavlyuk

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Ndimakonda kolifulawa Koza-Dereza, ndakhala ndikubzala kwa zaka zinayi ndipo chaka chino ndidzabzala kachiwiri. Zowona, mitu ya kabichi siyabwino kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, mwina izi sizoyipa, koma mphamvu.

Olga Pushkova

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Adabzala kolifulawa pamiyeso, yotchedwa Goat-Dereza. Anacha mu Seputembala, pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto ... Adabzala zidutswa ziwiri, mitu ya kabichi inali mkati mwa 3 kg.

Bagheera123

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Ndipo panali kasupe ... Ndipo ndinabzala mbewu za kolifulawa wa Kulifulawa wa Kosa-Dereza ... Ndipo zidafikira mbande 54. Ndipo ndimaganiza kuti ndidzabzala chilichonse: mwachizolowezi, pakugwa kwa mafoloko 5-8 adzacha, ndipo ena onse mu chitoliro, kapena ndi keel odwala, kapena kufota, kapena kufufuma. Ndipo nthawi yophukira idafika ... Ndipo, monga zidalembedwa pa thumba la mbewu, zikuni 54 zakucha nthawi imodzi zolemera 1 kg.

Massbu

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Koza-Dereza ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka ya kolifulawa pakati pa olimi a ku Russia. Amayamikirira mwachangu kufunika kwake kosakayika komanso kusakhalako konse kwa zophophonya.Palibe chovuta pakupeza zokolola zambiri. Ngati mudzidziwiratu pasadakhale "zofunikira" zomwe chikhalidwe chimapanga paukadaulo waulimi, kulima kolifulawa kumakhala kovomerezeka ngakhale kwa wosamalira munda wopanda nzeru kwambiri.