Mphesa za Amur mwachilengedwe zimamva bwino kwambiri m'nkhalango za Amur. Liana wamtali wosazungulira wazika mizu m'minda yambiri m'minda. Mpesa wokongoletsa wokhala ndi masamba okongola ndi zipatso zabwino umalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zake, mbewuzo zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Mphesa za Amur zimakondweretsa chaka chilichonse, popanda kupanga chisamaliro chochuluka.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa Amur
Vitis Amuretis, mtundu wakale wa mphesa, umamera kuthengo ku China, Korea ndi Far East m'nkhalango zowirira, pamalo otsetsereka kumapiri, m'mipata. Zipatso zazitali mpaka ma 30 mita zimatha kuluka mitengo ndipo, zikukwera m'mapiri ake, zimapatsa nyanjayo kuwala kokwanira. Mphesa womwe umapulumuka movutikira umadziwika ndi chisanu kwambiri ndipo umatha kupirira kupendekera kutentha mpaka -40 ° C.
Mphesa za Amur ku Primorye zimamera m'nkhalango
Kukolola kwakukulu kwa mphesa za Amur ndi kupirira kwake kunakopa chidwi cha obereketsa. Zilimidwe kumadera akumpoto, IV. Michurin adapanga ma hybrids okhala ndi mbewu zopangira: Korinku Michurin, Northern Black, Northern Blue ndi ena. Kuyambira mu 1950s, ntchito yogwira ntchito inachitika pa intraspecific hybridization ya Vitis Amuretis ndi wasayansi wosankhidwa wa Volgograd A. I. Potapenko. Adalenga mitundu yokhala ndi kukoma kwambiri, kukana kwathunthu matenda komanso chisamaliro chosasamala: Amursky Potapenko 1 (2,3,4,5), Chipambano, Amursky Breakthrough, Neretinsky. Ural obereketsa F.I. Shatilov apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso za mphesa za Amur zomwe zitha kupilira nyengo yovuta kwambiri, iwo adakhala zaka zambiri kumpoto kumpoto.
Mitundu ya mphesa zamtchire imadzichotsera kulima, ngati ikuyendetsedwa bwino. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumatengera momwe zinthu zikukula, ndikudulira koyenera, zipatso za mphesa za Amur zidzakhala zazikulu komanso zotsekemera.
Kanema: Mphesa zimabzalidwa ku Urals
Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ku Amur
Chomera ichi ndi chamtundu umodzi; chomera chimodzi chachimuna chodzalidwa pamimba zazikazi ziwiri pamalowo. Mu mphesa zakuthengo, mitundu yofanizira imapezekanso.
Mukadzala mbewu zachikazi zokha, zimabereka. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono, zopanda mbewu.
Zomera zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Maluwa achikasu achikasu otengedwa mu burashi amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso amakopa njuchi. Mphesa zimaphuka kwambiri, ma inflorescence angapo amatha kupanga mphukira imodzi.
Maluwa ofala amphesa a Amur ali ndi fungo labwino
Magulu okhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono ophatikizika ndi zipatso zokongoletsedwa mosatalikirapo amatalika masentimita 15. Mphesa ndi zazing'ono, zakuda ndi utoto wabuluu. Khungu limakhala lonenepa, thupi limakhala lopepuka komanso lokoma. Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa, vinyo amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Kukoma kwa chipatso kumakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka, acidity yake, ndi chinyezi. Mbewu za mphesa zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Amur mphesa buluu hue
Kukula kwa mpesa kumatha kukhala ndi dzanja lamunthu. Makungwa ake ndi a bulauni, osuluka ndi mikwingwirima. Masamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masamba asanu, akuluakulu, obiriwira akuda. Mukugwa kwawo. Mphesa zimakula msanga, mchaka chakecho amatha kukhala 3 metres. Chomera chamtunduwu chimayamba kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 8.
Mphesa za Amur zimatha kuluka khoma lalitali
Nthawi yolima mphesa ndi yochepa; imayamba pa t = 5 ° C (kuyambira koyambirira kapena pakati pa Meyi). Mu Ogasiti, kukula kwa mphukira kumatha, mbewu imachotsedwa koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
Mphesa zimatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -40 ° C, mizu yake siyizizirira ngakhale nyengo yotentha. Zipatso pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba chimakhala chokoma kwambiri.
Posachedwa, asayansi azindikira kuti mphesa za Amur ndi chida chofunikira chothandizira kuchiritsa. Callus, kuchuluka kwakukula kwa minofu kumapeto kwa zodulidwazo, kumakhala ndi kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa antioxidant resveratrol.
Makhalidwe a mitundu ya mphesa za Amur
Uwu ndi mtundu wololera zambiri, kuchokera pa mahekitala imodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana matani 80. Simalimidwa kuti azilima mafakitale, ngakhale ngati kalasi yaukadaulo imadzilungamitsa, imapanga vinyo wabwino.
Mphesa zosavomerezeka zimakongoletsa malowa ndikuwadyetsa zipatso zokoma
- Ubwino wopindulitsa wa mitunduyo ndi kuzizira kwambiri. Popanda pogona, mpesa wachikulire umatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -40 ° C; masango sachita mantha ndi nyengo yoyamba kugwa. Mphesa zimamva bwino mu nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
- Kukula kwakanthawi kumalola kuti mphukira zazing'ono za mpesa zitheke asanakhale chisanu.
- Chikhalidwe chimaletsa matenda ndi tizirombo.
- Mphesa zocheperapo zimathandizira kayendedwe kake kupita kumalo komwe kukakonzedwa.
- Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano ndi kukonzedwa.
- Kukula kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti kusakhale kotheka kupanga hedeni kuchokera ku mphesa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga mawonekedwe a dziko kuti apange pergolas, makoma a chigoba ndi mipanda.
Mildew, downy mildew, alibe nthawi yophukira pamtengowu chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yophukira. Mphesa za Amur zimakhala ndi kukana kwapakatikati pa phylloxera. Tizilomboti titha kuwononga mizu ya mbewu.
Zambiri pobzala ndi kukula mitundu ya mphesa za Amursky
Izi mphesa zosiyanasiyana ndi odzichiritsa. Kuchita ntchito zosavuta zaulimi sizitenga nthawi yochulukirapo, ndipo mphesa zikukuthokozerani zokolola zabwino.
Kuswana
Kuthengo, mphesa zimafesedwa mosavuta ndikuyala ndi njere, ndikupanga nkhokwe. Kunyumba, kukula chomera kuchokera ku mbewu sikosatheka, ali ndi kumera kochepa ndipo ndizovuta kupeza mbande zapamwamba. Pofalitsa, kudula ndi kuyala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zodulidwa zodulidwa sizizika mizu bwino, chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira.
Mizu yodulidwa
Zodulidwa zimakololedwa bwino nthawi yamaluwa, pomwe chomera chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandizira kuti muzike mizu. Amadulidwa m'mawa m'mawa kwambiri. Dulani mwachindunji imachitidwa pansi pamunsi. Mphukira imafupikitsidwa pamwamba pamtunda wapamwamba, tsamba lamasamba limadulidwa ndi 3/4. Mapeto onse amachotsedwa, impso zimakhalabe m'machimo.
4-5 impso ziyenera kukhalabe pafupi
Mphukira imatha kuduladula ngati, ikapindika, bast (tsamba lakutsogolo) layamba kusweka.
Nthambi zodula zimayikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi ndikuyika m'malo abwino. Ngati callus ikapangika ndipo mizu ikawoneka, phesi imabzalidwa mu chidebe ndi nthaka kuti ikule. Mutha kuzika mizu mu dothi losakanikirana, lomwe limapangidwa mbali zofanana za humus, mchenga ndi dothi laminda.
Kuyika
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa mphesa pomata. Kuti muchite izi, mitengo yakuya mpaka 12 cm imatulutsidwa pansi pa chitsamba, yodzazidwa ndi 1/3 ya nthaka yachonde. Mpesa zimayikidwapo m'miyala, yokhazikika ndi matabwa ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi lapansi. Opaleshoni iyi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike mu April, kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Kuchokera pa mpesa umodzi mutha kupeza mbande zambiri zolimba ndi thanzi.
Kanema: njira yosangalatsa yolerera mbande kuchokera kudulidwe
Tikufika
Mphesa zimakonda dothi losauka, lotayirira, la acid. Pamadothi amchenga, mbewuyo imabzalira ngalande, pamadothi olemera othinana ndi madzi apansi panthaka, mphesa zimabzalidwa m'mizere. Kutalika kwa kaphiriko kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 80 cm, ndikofunika kuyika poyatsira ngalande 25 X 25 cm pafupi nayo.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: kubzala mphesa molondola
- Mutha kubzala mphesa kukhoma lakumwera kwa nyumbayo
- Ngati pansi panthaka pali kutali ndi kumtunda, mutha kudzala mphesa mu msewu
- Thumba lamadzimalo limalola kuthirira mbewuyo "pansi pa muzu"
Timasankha malo otentha, otentha bwino oti ikamatera. Mutha kubzala mphesa kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo.
Timakumba dzenje 70 x 70 x 70 cm, ndikuyika ngalande pansi - tinthu tokhala ngati njerwa, miyala, miyala, mchenga wokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 10. Kupangitsa kuthirira chomera chambiri, ndibwino kuti muziyika botolo la pulasitiki lokhala pansi kapena chitoliro chamadzi mu dzenjelo. Kwa nthawi yozizira amakutidwa ndi polyethylene.
Timathira dothi lapansi pamakina, ndikupinda, ndipo mmalo mwake timayika mbande mosamala. Pamwamba pa mizu muyenera kukhala 30 cm pansi pamunsi. Dzazani chomera ndi nthaka ndikuthiririra.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mbande za mphesa
Kudulira
Kudula mitengo pa nthawi yake ndikofunika kudulira ngati tikufuna kusintha zipatso zamphesa zamtchire. M'chaka choyamba pangani chitsamba chooneka ngati mtima, kusiya masamba awiri akuluakulu. Stepsons iyenera kukhomedwa pambuyo pa pepala lachiwiri. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, chotsani nsonga zophukira za mphukira zazing'ono. Mu Okutobala, dulani mphukira, kusiya masamba atatu.
M'chaka choyamba timapanga chitsamba chofanana ndi "mtima"
Wagwa chaka chachiwiri pa mphukira ziwiri timasankha mpesa umodzi wamphamvu, ndikuwasiya masamba 5-8. Mphukira zotsalira zimachotsedwa.
Kuyatsa chaka chachitatu pa mphukira iliyonse amasiya mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imadula masamba 5,6 (muvi wazipatso). M'chaka chachinayi, tikhala ndi chitsamba chachikulire, chokonzekera kuphuka.
Ndikofunika kupanga mtundu wamphamvu wazaka zambiri. Mtengo wakale umasunga zakudya zamagetsi ndikupanga mafupa olimba.
Kanema: mitengo yodulira
Kuthirira
Zomera zazing'ono mpaka zaka ziwiri zimathiriridwa nyengo youma, yotentha tsiku lililonse; ngati kuli kozizira komanso mvula, ndikokwanira kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. Zomera zachikulire sizifunikira kuthirira. Kupanda chinyezi kumapangitsa zipatso kukhala zokoma.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Zomera zazing'ono zaka ziwiri zoyambirira sizidyetsa. Kenako pachaka kasupe ntchito feteleza organic (ng'ombe manyowa, kompositi). Amayikiramo zitunda kapena mozungulira chitsamba, osakumba, ndowa imodzi pach chitsamba chilichonse.
Mu nthawi yophukira, mmera umafafaniza ndi phulusa la phulusa kukonzera mbewu yake nthawi yachisanu. Kuumirira tsiku 2 malita a phulusa 10 malita a madzi, ndiye zosefera. Pakupopera madzi malita 10 onjezerani theka la kulowetsedwa.
Mutha kuwaza masamba a chomeracho ndi phulusa kuti muchotse slugs. Kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa chlorosis chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimayamwa ndi nayitrogeni.
Kuyang'anira tizilombo
Izi zosiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, kupewa njira kuteteza mbewu.
- Chithandizo cha phylloxera chithandiza mankhwalawa ndi sodium sodium. Chapakatikati mutadzuka, chomera chimapakidwa ndi yankho (300 g ya FA mu 10 l yamadzi). Kuzungulira mipesa kumakhala kukumba miyala yotalika masentimita 15 ndipo yankho limatsanulidwa mwa iwo (500 g LC pa 10 l yamadzi), miyala ikakumbidwa.
- Kututa ndi kuwotcha masamba akale ndi mipesa youma kungapulumutse. Mabasi amatha kuthandizidwa kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi sulufule ya colloidal.
- Kuchokera kwa ma whiteflies, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo - intavir, decis, kudzathandiza.
Pofuna kuti musasokoneze tsamba lanu ndi phylloxera, gulani mbande zokha kwa wogulitsa wodalirika. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono sitimapangidwa bwino mu dothi lolemera, mapangidwe a parsley osavulaza amawononga.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Munthawi ya Okutobala mpaka Novembala, timakonza chomera chambiri nthawi yachisanu. Timawombera pansi ndikuwaphimba ndi spanbond, nthambi za spruce, makatoni odala. Mpesa wamkulu safuna pobisalira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzaze dzenje pansi pa chitsamba ndi nthaka.
Ndemanga
Zipatso zathu za Amur m'malimwe otentha okhala ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri, mumvula yambiri yomwe imakhala acidic. Komabe timadya zonse. Vinyo akangopanga, ndimalikonda. Koma nthawi zambiri, sikuti timamwa vinyo). Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndikuti ndikangophwanya zipatso ndi njere ndi masamba ndi shuga komanso mumtsuko. Sichitali, imawuluka ndi tiyi m'masiku awiri. Mnansi wapereka shank. Mu chaka chachiwiri, burashi yoyamba inali yonyansa;
Alexandr97 (Moscow)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/page-4
Dzuwa yambiri, madzi ambiri (amakonda kumwa, makamaka kutentha), amphika wowawasa, amalemekeza, chimenecho ndi chinsinsi cha bwino Inde, sizovuta, kumasula mizu mu kasupe, kuthira feteleza ndi kutaya bwino. Ndipo kuzungulira Juni, ndidafalitsa supuni ziwiri za citric acid mu ndowa 10 yamadzi ndikuthira kuzungulira thunthu. Mutha acidate nthaka ndi peat, utuchi, makungwa. Sindikukumbukira kuti, koma ndidawerenga kwinakwake kuti mphesa izi zimakonda nthaka ya acidic.
Yana (St. Petersburg)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/page-3
Zipatso za mphesa za Amur ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zipatso za mphesa za mtsikanayo, mainchesi mu sentimita, zamtundu wabuluu, zokhala ndi njere. Kwa vinyo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito, ngati mankhwala - chisangalalo chokayikitsa. Mphesa za Amur zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, masamba. Koma kukoma kwa zipatso sikusintha.
Helga (Moscow)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/
Chaka chatha, kasupe, ndidabzala mbande za mphesa ku Amur pachikhalidwe changa (ma ma 2 ma PC.) Ndidazisamalira, ndimamwetsa ... Mbewuzo zidakula msanga ndipo sizinadye chilimwe chonse. M'nyengo yozizira anadziphimba. Tinafika kumapeto, koma kukuzizira. Osatsata kapena kuphukira. Ndikulavulira pamenepo. Ndipo malo a udzu, kumene mbande idakula, adapangira kanayi ndi wowotchera udzu. Kenako sanabwere kwa mwezi umodzi (chabwino, sanadule tsitsi lake). Kenako adabweranso ndikuganiza zofuna kutchera limodzi udzu ndi udzu. Mwadzidzidzi ndawona ... Bah! Pamalo pomwe mbande za mphesa zidamera kale - mpesa wamphamvu komanso wopangidwa kale, mtengo wa mpesa uwu wokhala ndi masamba ambiri umamera!
Alvik Moscow//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/
Pansi pa mphesa mumafunikira chitsime chokhazikika komanso chokhomedwa 40 cm pansi pa miyala kapena miyala yabwino, ndiye mchenga, udzu wokhala ndi manyowa kapena humus ndi nthaka. M'mbiri yakudziko, mphesa zimamera pamiyala - marl - chifukwa chake miyala ndi miyala yofunikira ndiyofunika. Chosanjikiza chilichonse ndi masentimita 5-7, ena onse ndi dziko lapansi. Choyimiridwabe bwino - mpandawo ndiwokwera kumpoto, ndipo chilichonse ndi chotsegukira dzuwa kuchokera kumwera. Mthunzi, masamba ndi nthambi zidzakhala zosalimba ndikuyamba kupweteketsa. Kuthira feteleza kwa curators ndi zipatso zitsamba kumapita (mukadzala supuni zingapo m dzenjelo) ndikunyowetsa muzuwo ... M'nyengo yozizira, mphesa zimakanikizidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa. Chipale chidzagwa - kugona kwambiri. Mphesa zinangokhala yozizira pokhapokha yozizira, chifukwa chake sanachite chilichonse - amawopa matenda ndipo palibe chochitika.
Mila (Yakutia)//forum.ykt.ru/viewmsg.jsp?id=9790957
Mpanda wobiriwira wokhala ndi mchere wotsekemera! Mphesa zolimba yozizira zomwe zimamera zokha. Zapamwamba, kulawa kwakukulu ndi vinyo wodabwitsa!
Kukongola kwa Yulechka//irecommend.ru/content/zelenyi-zabor-s-vkusneishim-desertom-zimostoikii-vinograd-kotoryi-rastet-sam-po-sebe-vysokii
Funso pa mphesa za Amur. Mpesawo ndi wokulirapo komanso wamphamvu. Zopanda. Lohse ali kale zaka 4. Ndinkakonda kusungabe nthawi yonse yozizira. Koma kukaikira kumandizunza. Mpesa waukulu choterewu siwophweka kuchotsa mu trellis ndi chivundikiro. Kodi ndizotheka kusabisalira mphesa nthawi yachisanu? Amalimbana ndi chisanu ... Ngati ndi Amur weniweni, ndiye kuti inde, imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, koma kutentha-chisanu ndi kutentha-kozizira sikufanana. Amourts amatha kudzuka kumapeto kwa dzinja panthawi ya thaw, yomwe ili yofowoka. Kuphatikiza apo, pali kuthekera kwa mipesa kuyanika m'nyengo yozizira kuchokera kumphepo ndi chisanu, ndikosavuta kungoluka kena kena kuchokera kumphepo popanda kuchotsa masamba m'mphepete mwa trellis. Koma kungoyesa kokha komwe kungayankhe kwathunthu funso la hardness yachisanu!
Anthu okhala kuchilimwe (dera la Moscow)//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=43751&st=0&p=1101140&
Mphesa za Amur zidabzalidwa zaka zitatu zapitazo - kuchokera ku Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. Mu zaka zathu za ophunzira, tidazidya mu Seputembala - onunkhira bwino, onunkhira. Iwo amapanganso vinyo. Tchuthi zamphamvu (2 ma PC) ndikugwedeza, sindinaphimbe, sindinachotse zovala zamtunduwu - tinapulumuka nyengo yozizira iyi popanda mavuto. Pachimake kwambiri kumapeto kwa Meyi. Chovuta ndikuti palibe ovary imodzi. Ndawerenga kuti Amur, ndikutheka, ndiwosokonekera.
Listopad (Dera la Moscow)//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=43751&st=0&p=1101140&
Mphesa zamtchire zamtchire zitha kulimidwa bwino pazomera zomwe zili ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kummwera ndiye kuti sangakhale bwino; ku Moscow Region, Northwest, Urals ndi Siberia, sadzakongoletsa mundawo, komanso adzakusangalatsani ndi zipatso zokoma.
