Masiku ano, m'masitolo, kupatula mitundu yam'deralo, yachilendo komanso yoboola komanso zipatso zowoneka bwino zimagulitsidwanso. Koma izi ndizosangalatsa. Anthu okhala pachilimwe amadziwa kuti zotsatira za ntchito yawo ndizabwino, kukoma, kupindula komanso kukongola. Chikhalidwe chofala kwambiri komanso chothokoza pazamalamba ndi currant. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa akufuna mitundu yatsopano, kubzala tchire, kudulira mphukira, ndikupanga korona kuti ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana komanso yabwino kusankha zipatso. Kupatula apo, njira yosamalira ndikuwonera chitukuko cha mbewu ndiyosafunanso kwenikweni komanso yosangalatsa kuposa kusonkhanitsa zipatso.
Kodi ndifunika kudulira ma currants ofiira
Nthambi zokulira currant zimakumana m'malo osiyidwa. Ndipo ngati kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amasangalala ndi maluwa okongola, m'chilimwe pa masamba - okha zipatso zazing'ono, ndipo tchire lokha nthawi zambiri limawoneka lodwala komanso lomvetsa chisoni. Kudzala kwa currant kumafunikira chisamaliro, chifukwa kumakonda kuyatsa ndi kuvala pamwamba, komanso mwayi wofikira, kuti tizirombo ndi matenda sizimakula m'nkhalangozi. Kudulira kumaongolera kukula ndikupanga korona, komanso kuchiritsa ndikutsitsanso tchire. Kupatula apo, ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chonse cha mphukira, mbewuyo imapereka mphamvu yolimbana, pomwe burashi imakula bwino, ndipo zipatso zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana mukulawa ndi kukula.
Masamba okonzekereratu bwino a currant yofatsa amapereka mbewu yabwino
Kodi nthambi za red currant zimafunika kudulidwa
Musanayambe kudulira, titha kudziwa kuti ndi zitsamba ziti zomwe zimafunikira komanso zomwe zimasokoneza kukula ndi zipatso. Mphukira zopepuka kwambiri zochokera ku mizu ndi zero, apo ayi amatchedwa mphukira wa kukonzanso kapena mphukira yoyambira. M'chaka choyamba ali owongoka ndipo alibe nthambi. Pofika chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, nthambi zamtsogolo zimawoneka - mphukira za chaka chachiwiri, etc. Mphukira zimakula makamaka mwachangu pazaka zitatu zoyambirira, kenako kukula kwawo kumachepa ndipo zipatso zimachepa. Kuti mupangitse kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, mphukira za yachiwiri ndi yotsatira zimadulidwa.
Musanayambe kudulira chitsamba chofiira currant, onani kuti ndi mphukira ziti zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa
Komabe, musamatengeke ndi kudulira, apo ayi kupota timabowo titha kupangika - nthambi zolinganizidwa zokhazokha zomwe zimawoneka pamtengo wosatha wa nthambi zachikopa. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwambiri komanso kufooka kwa nthambi zochepa. Ngati sipangakhale ziro lokwanira kukhazikitsanso chitsamba, mutha kudula nthambi zakale osati zongopangiratu, koma mpaka pamwamba pomwe mphukirayo, yomwe imafupikitsidwa kukhala nthambi yabwino kuti ichotse nthambi.
Pa nsonga za mphukira, zipatso sizikula, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitukuko
Mphukira zamtundu wotsekemera pa currant yofiira zimayikidwa makamaka pamphepete mwa mphukira. Chifukwa chake, mukadulira, sikofunikira kufupikitsa nthambi zonse: masamba ochepa amapangidwa pamtengo wakale, motero amawombera kuposa zaka 4-5 amadula.
Mukamadulira ma currants ofiira, kumtunda kwa mphukira amachotsedwa kuti asunge zipatso.
Kudulira kwina mu yophukira
Nthawi yabwino kudulira ndi yophukira, mbewu ikakololedwa, kutuluka kwa mbewu m'minda kumatsitsidwa, koma chisanu sichinayambe kugunda. Nthawi zina kudulira nthambi zakale kumachitika nthawi yakututa, kudula mphukira wazaka zinayi ndi zisanu zokhala ndi maburolo kukhala mphete (makulidwe pansi pa nthambi), ndipo muyenera kuwadula moyandikira m'munsi mwa mphukira momwe mungathere. Kenako zipatsozo zimasunthidwa modekha.
Kanema: Kudulira kwa Autumn of cur curls
Kudulira kwa Spring currant
Ngati, pazifukwa zina, kudulira sikulephera kugwa, mutha kuchita izi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira isanayambe. Nthawi yomwe ikhoza kudulira masika ndiyofupikitsa: kuyambira kumapeto kwa chisanu mpaka masamba.
Kanema: Kukonzanso kwamasamba ndi kudulira kwa zitsamba zowongolera
Mitundu ya mitengo yodulira
Musanayambe kubzala, muyenera kusankha kuti ndi chiyani. Pali odana ndi ukalamba, kuwumba ndi ukhondo.
Kudulira kokalamba
Mukakonzanso, nthambi zolimba kwambiri komanso zosabala zipatso zimachotsedwa. Dulani mphukira mpaka mphete, ndikofunikira kuti azisungitsa nthawi zonse mpaka mphukira, ndikuchita kuduladula.
Mukamapangira odana ndi ukalamba, njirayi ndi motere:
- Pachitsamba, mumdima wandiweyani komanso wonenepa, komanso nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ndere zimasankhidwa.
Kubwezeretsanso kudulira kwa ma currants ofiira kumachotsa nthambi zakuda kwambiri, zakuda kwambiri
- Dulani mpaka muzu, osasiya chitsa.
- Magawo amathandizidwa ndi var var. Uku ndi kusakaniza kwapadera kwamasamba, masamba kapena mafuta a nyama ndi rosin.
- Ngati mphukira zambiri za ziro zimamera pakatikati pa thengo, gawo limachotsedwa, ndikusiya okhawo amphamvu.
- Kudulira kukamalizidwa, kuthira manyowa kumachitika pansi pa chitsamba, kusakaniza mosamala ndi dothi losanjikiza kuti lisawononge mizu.
- Madzi ambiri ndi mulch bwalo lozungulira.
Kanema: odulira okalamba kudulira kwa ofiira okhala ofiira
Kupanga Dulani
Popanga kudulira, amayesa kupatsa chitsamba chowongolera mawonekedwe ena ndikupitilirabe. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe mwabzala, siyani nthambi zambiri kapena zochepa pach chitsamba chilichonse. Kubzala pafupipafupi, tchire amazidulira kwambiri, kusunga nthambi zochepa. Chachikulu ndichakuti chitsamba chimakhala ndi mphukira zamibadwo yosiyana. Izi zipatsa currant nthawi zonse zipatso ndikuwonjezeranso.
Kupanga kudulira kofiyira kofiyira sikuti kumangokupatsani chitsamba chomwe mukufuna, komanso bwino zipatso
M'minda yathu, mtundu wofiira kwambiri ndi chitsamba. Mtundu wokhazikika wa currant (muyezo - gawo la mphukira kuchokera panthaka mpaka gawo la nthambi) ndizofala kwambiri m'minda ya ku Europe, koma tikuyesetsanso kukulitsa currants monga chonchi. Tchire limawoneka mokongola nthawi ya maluwa ndipo limakhala lokongola kwambiri mukapachikidwa ndi zipatso zofiirira.
Ndi mtundu wokhazokha wokonzanso ma currants ofiira, chifukwa cha malo omwe nthambi zikuluzikulu, zipatsozo sizikhala zodetsedwa ndi nthaka
Magawo a kudulira kofiyira kofiyira:
- Mutabzala, kokha mphukira yapakati ndiyotsalira, ndikuifupikitsa ndi theka patsinde lakunja (lomwe lili kunja kwa nthambi).
- Pakatha chaka kapena yophukira, mutabzala, mbande zazaka ziwiri zimatengedwa, masambawo amachotsedwa kutalika konse kwa tsinde, ndikungosiya mphukira zinayi zokha zowonetsera mtsogolo pachitsamba. Dulani 50% ya kutalika kwa impso yakunja kuti musinthe nthambi.
- M'chaka chachitatu, mphukira zonse zoyambira zimadulidwa, ndiye kuti, mphukira za zero, ndipo zimamera pachinde. Mphukira zamphamvu za dongosolo lachiwiri zimasankhidwa, zofupikitsidwa ndi theka pamtunda wakunja. Kutalika kwa otsogolera kumapulumutsidwa.
- Pambuyo pake kumayambiriro koyambira, nthambi zosalimba ndi zosweka zimachotsedwa. M'chilimwe, zipatso zikayamba kukhazikika, nthambi zosabala zipatso zimafupikitsidwa masentimita 10, kukonza thanzi la mphukira zotsala ndikuthandizira kukolola.
Zingatenge zaka zitatu kuti zikule buluu wofiyira pa tsinde
Kujambula ngati Cordon kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa trellis yayitali. Mapangidwe a mtundu wa cordon amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zokolola, chifukwa chitsamba sichiyenera kuwononga mphamvu zambiri panthambizo ndi masamba owonjezerapo, ndikupulumutsa malo m'munda.
Akamapanga koloni yokhotakhota, amachita izi:
- Mukangobzala, wochititsa wapakatikati amafupikitsidwa ndi 50% ya kutalika, womangirizidwa ndi chithandizo.
- Nthambi zamkati zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya masentimita 2-3 okha.
- Chaka chilichonse zitatha izi, nthawi yophukira, wochititsa wamkulu amadulidwa kupita ku impso, mosiyana ndi kudulira kwa chaka chatha, ndikusiya 15 cm kukula. Chaka chotsatira, njirayi imabwerezedwanso, ndipo kagawo kamayang'anana mbali inayo. Izi zimapereka chithunzi cha tchire.
- Nthambi zotsogola zimadula kasupe aliyense kukhala masentimita 2-3, zolimbikitsa nthambi.
- Mu mtundu womaliza, kutalika kwa chingwe kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka kapena kutalika.
Mukapangira ma currants ofiira ngati chingwe kuchokera ku chitsamba, ndikukhala malo ocheperako, mutha kutolera zipatso zina
Kapangidwe kachitsamba pa trellis kamafanana ndi chingwe chokhala ndi mphukira zotuluka. Ndi njira iyi, mbewu ndizovomerezeka bwino, ndizotheka kuthira manyowa, kusankha zipatso. Ma currants pa trellis amakula motere:
- Sankhani mmera wapachaka ndi mphukira zitatu zosiyana.
- Woyendetsa wapakati amapangidwa kuchokera kumodzi.
- Mphukira ziwiri zotsalazo zimakhala moyang'anizana, ndikupanga gawo loyambirira pafupifupi kutalika kwa 30 cm kuchokera padziko lapansi.
- Pamene tchire limakula, zipatso zamiyala zimakulira, ndikuziyika moyang'ana pansi.
Kutalika, tchire zotere zimakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka ndi kutalika kwa nthambi zotalika mpaka 90-100 cm. Mwachilengedwe, ma currants amakhala ndi tiger anayi pa trellis. Mapangidwe omaliza a timiyala tonse, wowongolera wapakati amadulidwira kumtunda kwa impso, pomwe nthambi zammbali zimafupikitsidwa mpaka masentimita 2-3. Mu Julayi, nthambi zazikulu ndi zam'mbali zimakonzedwanso ndi 10 cm.
Mapangidwe ofiira othandizira ofunikira pa trellis amawongolera kutulutsa chitsamba
Kudulira mwaukhondo
Kudulira kwaukhondo kumayamba mu nthawi ya masika, kuwonongeka ndi chisanu, kusweka, kukulira, kukulira korona wamkati ndi mphukira yopindika kumachotsedwa, ndipo sikutha nthawi yonse yotentha. Ngati masamba kapena mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo zimapezeka, zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongeka.
Pakudulira mwaukhondo, mphukira zimachotsedwa
Mukamadula currants, zinthu zingapo zimakumana:
- yesani kumasula pakatikati patchire kuti nthambi zonse ziwonekere;
- m'dzinja lirilonse, mphukira zotsogola zimadulidwa pang'ono kupita ku mphukira yakunja, yolimbikitsa nthambi;
Kudula mphukira pakati pa mphukira yakunja kumalimbikitsa kupangika kwa nthambi zatsopano
- atadulira, amasunga mphukira zinayi za mibadwo yonse, kuti chitsamba ndi zipatso, ndikukula ndikukula;
- pakufupikitsa mphukira, kudula kumachitika patali ndi impso zosaposa 5 mm, kuti singawononge. Ma secateurs amasungidwa pamtunda wa 45za ku nthambi;
Maudzu odulira akuthyola mbali 45 amachotsa nthambi zokulirapo.
- musakhudze nsonga za mphukira za zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, chifukwa ndi chifukwa chake kuti zipatso zazikulu za currant yofiira zimaperekedwa;
- Ngati mphukira yatulutsa ndipo nthambi imodzi ikula pansi kapena poterapo, imachotsedwa pamalo pomwe panali nthambi;
Mphukira zomwe zimakulika mozungulira zimachotsedwa kuti zipatso zambiri zikhale pamtunda wa red currant - zimayatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa komanso kuyimba mwachangu
- osalola kukula kwa mbeu. Siyani mphukira yamphamvu imodzi kapena ziwiri zolimba chaka chilichonse, zotsalazo zimachotsedwa;
- kuyambira chaka chachinayi, nthambi zakale zachisanu zimadulidwa kumizu kapena kumtunda wolimba;
- kuphukira, kufooka, kumtunda ndi mizu (yomwe ili pafupi ndi dothi lamizu) imadulidwa kukhala mphete; mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira zachiwiri zimafupikitsidwa masentimita 10 kupita ku mphukira yomwe ikulira kunja;
- Nthambi zakale zosabereka zimadulidwa muzu kukhala mphete popanda kusiya zitsa.
Mukachotsa mphukira zonenepa musasiye chitsa, magawo amachitika pamdothi
Kuphatikiza pa kudulira koyenera, tchire la currant limapereka chisamaliro, kuphatikiza kuthilira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, kuluka mozungulira thunthu, kupewa matenda ndi kuzindikira tizirombo.
Kanema: mulching ofiira ofunikira m'dzinja
Zonsezi zimachitika kuti azisangalala ndi zipatso zawo kumapeto kwa nyengo. Ngakhale nyengo sikutha ndi zokolola, koma pokonzekera malowa nthawi yachisanu. Ndipo pali ntchito za masika ndi ntchito zatsopano.
Kuti musangalale, kuti musangalale ndi zakudya zokoma za jelly kapena zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso za red currant muyenera kubzala tchire, madzi, chisamaliro, kudula. Koma ntchitoyi imapatsa chisangalalo m'maluwa ndipo imabala zipatso.
