Biringanya ndi wa banja la solanaceous (monga tomato). Koma chikhalidwe ndizofunikira pa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, mpaka posachedwa, idakulidwa kokha kum'mwera m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ndipo makamaka inali yakucha mitundu yomwe imatha kupsa mwachidule chilimwe. Pofika pobzala mitengo yobiriwira ya ziwembu zapayokha, ma biringanya amakulitsidwa bwino m'chigawo chonse cha Central mpaka kumpoto, komanso m'malo otseguka. Kukula ndi kusamalira biringanya panja pakhala zosavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale woyambitsa akhoza kuyesa!
Chifukwa ndi kofunika kukula biringanya
Ichi ndi chomera pachaka chokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu yomwe imapangidwa makamaka pamtunda wa dothi lapamwamba. Pachilala, mizu yayikulu imatha kulowa pansi mwakuya pofunafuna chinyezi. Tsinde ndi lozungulira, lofiirira, komanso m'mphepete, lamphamvu, siligonapo pansi mpaka chisanu. Maluwa amakhala amodzi kapena m'magulu a zidutswa za 3-7, amadzipukutira okha, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri akamakula m'nyumba, momwe mulibe tizilombo touluka. Masamba amakhala amphamvuko, monga boti kapena wozungulira, m'mphepete mwa utoto wobiriira kapena wamtambo.
Biringanya - chomera cha pachaka chomwe chimayambira mwamphamvu
Maonekedwe a chipatsocho m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana: ndi cylindrical, ozungulira, ngati nthochi kapena mawonekedwe a peyala. Mtundu umaonetsa kukhwima. Chipatso chaching'ono ndi chofiirira chopepuka, kenako chimasanduka chofiirira, ndipo pamtundu wokula msanga chimayamba kuwala kwa mtundu wa bulauni kapena wachikasu. Idyani zipatso zofiirira ndi njere zosapsa.
Kwa utoto wofiirira wa chipatsocho, buluu amapeza dzina lotchuka "buluu." Ngakhale lero pali ma hybrids okhala ndi zipatso zoyera.
Zothandiza zimatha biringanya
Biringanya ndi cholembera pakati pa zikhalidwe zonse zamtundu wa molybdenum. Izi zimathandizira kupewa ndikuchiza kutupa.
Biringanya mulinso:
- ascorbic acid, kapena vitamini C. Sipangidwa ndi thupi, ndipo munthu amayenera kulandira tsiku lililonse ndi chakudya. Popanda iyo, scurvy imayamba, chitetezo chokwanira chimachepa;
- Mavitamini B angapo, omwe amatsimikizira kuti kagayidwe kake kali bwino, amakhudzidwa ndi hematopoiesis ndi dongosolo lamanjenje;
- vitamini PP (nicotinic acid) amalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi;
- Vitamini A (retinol) - mavitamini amaso abwino;
- Vitamini E - antioxidant wamphamvu, amachepetsa kukalamba, amalepheretsa kukula kwa maselo owopsa;
- Vitamini K ndi wofunikira pakupanga mapuloteni kuti abwezeretse ndikusinthanso minofu yathupi;
- macronutrients: manganese, zinc, calcium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, magnesium, ayodini, fluorine, mkuwa;
- CHIKWANGWANI cha maqanda, monga zakudya zina zam'mera, chimalimbikitsa ntchito ya m'mimba, chimatenga ndikuchotsa poizoni ndi zinthu zoyipa, chimachepetsa cholesterol.
Kuphatikiza apo, biringanya amathandizira kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi, kuchepetsa kutupira ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuyendetsa ntchito ya impso, komanso kusinthasintha kwamitsempha yamagazi.
Biringanya lili ndi zinthu zofunika, mavitamini, michere
Zosiyanasiyana
M'malo ozizira a Russia, amakonda kupatsidwa mitundu yoyambirira ya biringanya. Pofotokozerayo ndikofunika kulabadira mfundo yofunika - nthawi "kuyambira mbande mpaka chiyambi chaukadaulo waumisiri." M'mitundu yoyambira, ndi masiku 85-100.
Negus
Mitundu yoyambirira, kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kucha, imatenga masiku 50-55. Zipatso mpaka 200 g, mu mawonekedwe a mbiya, zopendekera patsinde ndikukulira pansipa, papo papo. Tchire ndi lalitali 50-60 cm, lolimba, silikufuna garter. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano ndi kumalongeza. Imakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa, kosungidwa bwino ndipo kamalekerera mayendedwe, ndipo awa ndi katundu wosowa kwa mitundu yoyambirira. Osati wosakanizidwa, mutha kukolola.
Kukhwima koyambirira kwa Negus kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhwime kwathunthu.
Biringanya Negus amakula patatha masiku 50-55 atasinthika
Chikhulupiriro
Zomera zoyambirira zimaperekedwa patatha masiku 95-110 mutamera kumera. Kuyambira 1 m2 Mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso pafupifupi 10 kg. Biringanya ndi utoto wowala bwino mu mawonekedwe a peyala, ndi peel yopyapyala komanso kukoma kwabwino, kulemera pafupifupi 200. Chitsamba chimakula kwambiri kutalika (mpaka 1 mita) kuposa m'lifupi. Kutchire kukhazikika mu zokolola, zolimba, zosagwira tizirombo ndi matenda.
Biringanya Vera komanso kutchire kumapereka zokolola zabwino
Zovala kumayambiriro
Mbeu yoyamba ndi yabwino pa tsiku la 85 mutamera, mbewuzo zipsa patsiku la 120-130. Zambiri zazing'ono zazikulu (mpaka 200 g) zipatso. Uku ndikudya kwabwino kwabwino.
Imalungamitsa dzina lake - lotalika, chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 45 cm.
Mitundu ya haibridi
Mumitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa, mutha kusiya mbewu kuti muzidzala chaka chamawa, mosiyana ndi ma hybrids omwe adalembedwapo ma CD ndi chizindikiro cha F1. Zimapezeka ndikuwoloka mitundu iwiri. Mukatenga mbewu za mbewu zotere ndikuzidzala, mudzamera biringanya ndi zomwe wina wa "makolo".
Mbeu zosakanizidwa zimayenera kugulidwa chaka chilichonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomveka: zokolola za mabulosi oterewa zimakhala pafupifupi 50%, ndizokhazikika komanso zolimba.
Ndikulonjeza kuti ma hybron oyambilira:
- Bourgeois F1. Ndizodabwitsa zipatso zazikulu zolemera mpaka 500. Zimacha patsiku la 105 mutamera, mutazunguliridwa, ndi thupi labwino komanso popanda kuwawa. Zipatso nthawi yonse yotentha, yolimba, yogonjetsedwa ndi zovuta, matenda ndi tizirombo. Amapanga chitsamba champhamvu;
Bourgeois F1 ya Eggplant F1 ili ndi zipatso zozungulira
- Mfumu ya North F1. Gawo labwino kwa madera ozizira. Imatha kulekerera chisanu chocheperako popanda kuwononga mbewu, yomwe siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mazira. Zophatikiza ndizopatsa zipatso, mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso pafupifupi 14 kg kuchokera 1 m2. Oyenera bwino kumadera otentha. Tchire silimafunikira garter, yotsika, mpaka masentimita 45-50. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zazitali, mawonekedwe a nthochi, popanda kuwawa. Kumera kwa mbeu ndi pafupifupi 100%. Choyipa chake ndikuti zipatso zazitali pachithunzi chotsika nthawi zambiri zimakhudza pansi. Izi ndizosayenera - pamapeto pake mtundu wa mwana wosabadwayo umayamba kusokonekera. Chifukwa chake, zinyalala pansi pa chitsamba chopanda nsalu kapena mulch zingafunike.
Zipatso za biringanya King wa North F1 ndizitali, choncho muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sizikhudza nthaka
Kututa mbewu
Mbewu zokhala ndi biringanya ndizochepa, lathyathyathya, loyera koma osakhwima, achikasu. Zitha kusungidwa mu chidebe chotsekedwa pamalo owuma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa kwa zaka 9, osataya kumera. Izi zisanachitike, mbewu zimafunikira kuti ziume bwino.
Magawo agulidwe:
- Zipatso za mbewu zimachotsedwa pomwe zimayamba kukhala zofiirira, kenako imvi.
- Biringanya amasungidwa mpaka zofewa.
- Dulani gawo lam'munsi, pomwe zochuluka za mbewu zamitundu ina zimakhazikika. Mitundu ina, imatha kugawidwa mu fetus yonse.
Kutengera ndi mitundu, nthangala za biringanya zimagawidwa zipatso zonse kapena kukhazikika m'munsi
- Ndiye zamkatiyo umalowetsedwa m'madzi ndi dzanja kapena kulumidwa pogwiritsa ntchito suna.
Biringanya wa biringanya ndi njere amaikidwa m'madzi
- Kucha mbewu zathanzi zimakhala pansi.
- Madzi amathiridwa m'mphepete, mbewu zimasiyidwa pansi, zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuziwuma poyera.
Mbeu zouma zouma bwino zitha kusungidwa mpaka zaka 9
Kukula mbande
Ngakhale mitundu yoyambirira ya biringanya imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuyambira mmera mpaka kufesa, motero imakula mu mbande ndi malo otentha, ndipo makamaka ku Russia ndi Northwest.
Mbande zingabzalidwe:
- mu chipinda chokhala ndi mawindo kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kapena pansi pazowunikira kwanyumba ndi nyali zapadera. Kukula kwa magetsi wamba wamba sikuwoneka;
- m'malo obiriwira otentha pomwe pali kuwala kokwanira.
Biringanya ndi chomera chachidule cha masana, chimatha kuwala kwa maola 12-14 panthawi yonseyi kukula.
Biringanya mbewu za mbande zofesedwa mu February
Mukabzala, muyenera kuganizira kutentha kwa dothi ndi chipinda chomwe mbande zimere:
- pa kutentha kwa dothi 20-25zaMbewu za C zidzamera mwachangu patsiku la 8-10, mutha kuwabzala pa February 20-25;
- pa kutentha kwa nthaka 13-15zaMbewu zamera kuyambira tsiku la 20-25, ndiye chifukwa chake muyenera kubzala m'mawa, pa febulo mpaka 10-15.
Mbande mwakula m'njira ziwiri - popanda kusankha. Njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera mukafunikira kuti mupeze mbande zambiri popanda malo otentha kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Kukula mbande ndi zokoka
Pomanga, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi. 3-5 masentimita asiyidwa pakati pa mizere, masentimita 2-3 pakati pa mbewu motsatana.Pomwe masamba enieni awiri akuwonekera pafupi ndi mbande, amazimbira (ndikuwonjezera) m'malo osalalapo pang'ono osakhalitsa masentimita 5-6. Pofika nthawi iyi, atha khalani otentha kokwanira ngakhale mu zobiriwira zosaphatikizidwa. Zoyipa za njirayi ndikuti ma biringanya samalekerera ndikuwonjezerapo ndipo amakhalabe odabwitsidwa pomwe angazike mizu m'malo atsopano.
Mukatola, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mbale zazikulu
Kukula mbande popanda kutola
Mukamatha kudzichepetsera mbande zochepa, ndibwino kuti mudzalale mbeu nthawi yomweyo mbale yosiyanako ndi malita 0,5. Mukabzala munthaka, mbewuyo singavulaze ndipo imakula, chifukwa imayikidwa ndi mizu yopanda kanthu komanso dothi lapasi. Choipa cha njirayi ndikuti mbande zotere zimatenga zosowa zambiri mu February - March malo otentha komanso owala.
Pakakulitsa ma biringanya m'mbale zodyera, amathanso kuziika pamodzi ndi mtanda
Kukonzekera mbande zodzala
Mbeu iliyonse isanabzalidwe mu nthaka iyenera kuchotsedwa m'zipinda zofunda pamsewu kuti ziume. Zimayamba osachepera masiku atatu musanachotsedwe. Ndizotheka kale kwambiri, ngati nyengo ilola komanso kutentha mumsewu kudzakhala 12-15zaC.
Choyamba, mbande zimasungidwa mumsewu kwa maola 1-2, kuwunika momwe zilili. Kuchokera ku mphepo zamphamvu ndi kuwongolera dzuwa, imatha kuvutika. Kenako adatsuka m'chipindacho, ndikupitiliza kuumitsa tsiku lotsatira. Nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpweya wabwino imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo isanabzalidwe, ikatentha kokwanira, mbewu zimatha kusiyidwa mumsewu. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti 5zaC chifukwa cha mazira okonda kutentha - pafupifupi kozizira.
Mbande zibzalidwe panthaka nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kutengera nyengo yam'deralo komanso kutentha kwake. Monga lamulo, pakatikati patali komanso kumpoto-kumadzulo kuyambira Meyi 10, nthaka ndi mpweya ndizotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha biringanya.
Asanabzale, mbande za biringanya ziyenera kukhazikika
Kanema: momwe angakulire mbande za mbande
Kusamalira Biringanya
Biringanya kufunafuna chisamaliro.
Kuthirira ndi mulching
Nyengo yadzuwa, biringanya liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika. Kuchokera kuthirira kozizira, mizu "imagwera stupor" kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo mbiringazo zimasiya kukula kwa masiku 7-10.
Kuyika malo olimapo polimitsa ma biringanya panthaka kudzapulumutsa pakuwumitsa ndikuchepetsa kufunika kothirira. Koma mulch iyenera kukhala yamtundu wamtundu, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kukula, chifukwa pansi pazowunikira dziko lapansi silidzakhoza kutentha.
Mulch pabedi ndi biringanya kukhalabe ndi chinyezi m'nthaka nthawi yayitali, kungalepheretse kukula kwa namsongole
Pakati pa chilimwe, dothi limatenthetsedwa ndikuzama kwambiri pamlengalenga ndipo mulch yowala imatha kukhala yothandiza kuposa yamdima. Imateteza mizu yakuyaka kuti isayake nthawi yotentha ndikuwonjezera kuwunikira kwamitengo yamtchire.
Chinyezi chadothi chimayang'aniridwa masiku onse a 5-7, chikapukuta, madzi (10 l pa 1 mita2) Ndikofunikira kwambiri kunyowa panthawi ya ovary ndi zipatso, izi zimakhudza mwachindunji zokolola.
Kutsirira amathanso kukonza m'njira zosiyanasiyana: pamanja kuchokera kuthirira kapena mtsuko kuchokera mumtsuko, kuthirira. Kuthirira ndi "turntables" ndikosayenera. Biringanya, monga mbewu zonse zowuluka, ali ndi "tsamba lonyowa - tsamba lodwala".
Mukathirira biringanya, simuyenera kuthira madzi masamba
Mavalidwe apamwamba
M'madera ozizira, biringanya pamafunika kukhala wamkulu "othamangitsidwa", omwe amafunikira kuvala kwamphamvu kwambiri.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe biringanya zimafunikira ndi:
- nayitrogeni pakachulukitsa kumayambiriro kwa kukula kuti apange chokwanira chobiriwira chochuluka ndikuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula mwachangu komanso kucha;
- phosphorous kupulumuka bwino kwa mbande, kakulidwe ka mizu, mapangidwe a m'mimba;
- potaziyamu kuti muwonjezere kupirira kwa chomera, kukana kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira.
Manganese, boron ndi chitsulo ziyenera kukhala zochuluka, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuwonjezera zinthu izi kuwonjezera.
Matendawa:
- ndikusowa kwa nayitrogeni, chitsamba chimamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba amatumbululuka;
- ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu, masamba amaterera ndi boti, ndipo m'malire mwa bulauni m'mphepete mwake;
- ndikusowa kwa phosphorous, chitsamba chimapeza mawonekedwe osadziwika - masamba ayamba kutembenukira kumtunda, amakula kumka ku tsinde.
Zomwe zimadyetsa biringanya:
- chovala chachikulu chikhoza kuyikiridwa panthaka pokumba mukugwa kapena masika. Feteleza wopangidwa mwakapangidwe ka nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena osakaniza wa nayitrogeni (urea urea, ammonium nitrate), phosphorous (superphosphate, kawiri superphosphate), potashi (potaziyamu chloride) amaphatikizidwa. Feteleza wophatikizira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwazira padziko lonse chiwembucho ngati 40 g pa 1 mita2;
- Mavalidwe azitsulo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi organic, ndikupanga kukumba humus kapena kompositi mu kuchuluka kwa malita 10-20 pa 1 mita2. Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa komanso mbalame zatsopano ndikosayenera. Panthaka yodzala ndi manyowa, chomera chilichonse chimatha kuyamba "kunenepa", ndiko kuti, kumanga chimtambo chobiriwira chachikulu chokhala ndi zokolola zochepa;
- kudyetsa konse, kupatula nayitrogeni, kumalowetsa kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Ichi ndiye feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa potashi-phosphorous wokhala ndi zinthu zonse zapamwamba zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Zinthu zonse zimaphatikizidwa ndi mbeu. Mulibe nayitrogeni mu phulusa;
- phulusa limabalalanso kukumba, kumalowetsedwa m'maenje pakubzala, masamba omwe adawotchera nyengo yotukuka (koma mutatha maluwa) kuwopsyeza tizirombo. Phulusa limasintha kukoma kwa zipatso;
- biringanya pamafunika nayitrogeni kuti apange tsamba lokwanira 10. Kenako amafunika phosphorous ndi potaziyamu;
- mu nyengo yakula, kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika ndikutalika kwa masiku 10-15 masiku 2-3, kapena katatu, ngati feteleza sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kukumba;
- kuvala koyamba kwambiri kumachitika pakatha masiku 18-20 mutathira mbande. Kudyetsa koyambirira kumatha kuvulaza. Mizu yosakhazikika imalandira muyeso wokonzanso ndipo sidzapeza zakudya.
Malangizowa sangakhale okakamizidwa, chifukwa pali dothi labwino lachonde lomwe mavalidwe apamwamba amatha kuchepetsedwa kapena osachitika konse. Mwachitsanzo, pamiyala ya chernozems ndi loams wolemera mu humus, ma biringanya adzakhala ndi zonse zokwanira ngati omwe adalipo asanakhale solanaceous.
Pasynkovka ndi mapangidwe chitsamba
Izi zitha kugawidwa pawiri - kuvomerezedwa ndi kusankha:
- chotsani mphukira zonse ndi masamba pansi pamtunda woyamba pomwe chitsamba chikukula mpaka 25-30 cm;
- kwenikweni mwezi usanayambe nyengo yozizira ku tchire kutsina kukula, kudula mbali mphukira ndikuchotsa ovary yonse. Alibe nthawi yakucha, koma pachabe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mbewuyo pachabe.
Potseguka palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa chitsamba mu tsinde limodzi, kulilola kuti lithe kuteteza malo, monga malo obiriwira. Mutha kulola mbewu kukula mwachilengedwe popanda kuvulaza kapena kusiya mabala otseguka omwe matendawo angalowe. Mphukira zowonongeka zokha, zosagwirizana mu Julayi komanso mphukira zam'tsogolo zomwe zilibe nthawi yopanga mbewu zimachotsedwa.
Ndi kukhomekera koyenera, mbewuyo siikhalira mopindika, koma popanda mphukira zowonjezera
Komanso ndizotheka:
- pezani zipatso zazikulu za 6-7 kuthengo, ndiye kuti mazira ena onse ndi gawo la mphukira ziyenera kuchotsedwa;
- kusiya mazira onse ndi mphukira, kulandira zipatso zazing'ono 15-20.
Kulemera kwa mbeu zonsezo kumakhala kofanana.
Garter
Kunja kogulitsa sikofunikira kwenikweni.Biringanya amapanga chitsamba cholimba ndipo chimayambira ndi zipatso bwino. Koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imafunikira magawo pamene biringanya imagwira pansi ndipo ikhoza kuvunda. Potere, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kufalitsa mulch pansi pa chitsamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, tchire lipange thandizo lina.
Mphukira ndi biringanya nthawi zina zimafuna thandizo lowonjezera
Vidiyo: biringanya pabwalo
Njira Zokukula Zabwino
Nthawi zina biringanya amakulira m'magulu osiyana - matumba, muli, mbiya ndi voliyumu yosachepera 5-10 malita. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubzale mbewuzo m'malo obzala kutentha mpaka isanayambike kutentha, kenako ndikuwatulutsa panja, ndikupanga mbewu zina. M'nthaka yambiri, biringanya simaliza nthaka poyembekezera kutentha. Ndipo itha kubzalidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo osakuwonjezera, ndipo ngati mukufuna, kuikidwapo ndikukumba maenje obzala malingana ndi kukula kwa nthaka ndi mizu m'matumba. Poterepa, mbewuyo siyidwala ndipo imapitilizabe kukula.
Biringanya zitha kubzalidwa mumipanda yayikulu ikuluikulu
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti dothi lomwe lili mumtsalawo limatentha kwambiri kuposa m'mundamu ndipo potenthetsa nyengo yozizira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti biringanya.
Chuma:
- njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri komanso mtengo wake kuposa kulima wamba;
- Nthaka imawuma msanga kuposa munthawiyo, kotero kuthirira nthawi zonse kumafunikira.
Biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Ngakhale wowonjezera kutentha popanda kutentha, mabiringanya amakula ndi kubereka zipatso pafupipafupi katatu kuposa m'malo otseguka mchaka chabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa, dothi limatentha mpaka masiku 30-45 m'mbuyomu kuposa mumsewu, malo otsekedwa amateteza kuzizira, palibe tizirombo mumsewu, mvula ya asidi ndi mame ozizira, matalala ndi mphepo zamphamvu sizingavulaze. Usiku wopanda dzuwa, kutentha kwa nyumba m'malo obiriwira kumatsika kwambiri, koma dothi limazizira pang'ono.
Biringanya mbande zingabzalidwe mu unheated greenhouse kale m'ma April, ndipo zimatha kukula mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Malo obiriwirawa amapereka zipatso zamasiku 150 pamtunda wabwino ngakhale ku North-West, Far East, Central zone, Ukraine ndi Belarus.
Zofunikira pakasamalidwe kanyumba ndi wowonjezera kutentha ndizofanana, kupatula kuthirira. Humidization ndi 100% yokumba. Musaiwale kuti mu wowonjezera kutentha nyengo yabwino chilimwe popanda airing, kutentha kwazomera ndizotheka.
Nyumba yobiriwira ndi nyumba yomera mtengo, koma mbewu zabwino zimatha kukhazikika munyumba yosavuta kwambiri
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Biringanya alibe tizirombo ndi matenda omwe ali osiyana ndi iwo. Zowopsa zomwe zingaopseze chikhalidwechi zitha kuonekere pazomera zina:
- mwendo wakuda. Matenda a fungus. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndikuwoneka ngati lamba wakuda pansi pa tsinde, pafupi ndi nthaka. Kenako fungusyo imalowa mmera wonsewo, ndikukutira imvi pamasamba. Ndipo fangayi ikakhudza chomera chonse, chimafa;
Mwendo wakuda ukhoza kupha mbewu
- imvi. Amayamba kuwoneka ngati mawanga amtundu wamunthu wosasinthika wa tsamba, kenako amakhala oyera, masamba amtundu akuyamba kuwola ndipo mbewuyo ikhoza kufa.
Matenda oyamba ndi bowa amakula nthawi yayitali, yonyowa, nyengo yozizira. Dzuwa, spores ndi fungus zimakhala. Pakakhala nyengo yotentha ya dzuwa, kukhazikika kwa matendawa m'magawo oyamba kumatha kutha.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, pali gulu lokonzekera mwapadera - fungicides akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito polima pang'ono:
- Topazi
- Zircon;
- Fitosporin;
- Kutchuka.
Ikani zithandizo za anthu:
- phulusa ndi phulusa lamatabwa, lomwe limaphwa;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka (kefir, Whey, mkaka ophikidwa), 1 tbsp. l mankhwala tincture wa ayodini 10 malita a madzi. Chida chomwechi chitha kuyimitsa mochedwa choipitsa ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa zithunzi.
Njira yodziwika yodzitetezera ndikudzutsa kwa njere musanabzalire pinki yankho la manganese ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti chipatso cha pathogenic sichitha kufesedwa kwa mbewu ndi mbewu.
Koma matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi tizilombo. Kuwononga mbewu, amasiya mabala otseguka - "chipata" cha matenda, kufooketsa mbewu ndikuchepetsa chitetezo chake. Zomera zazikulu za biringanya poyera ndi kachilomboka mbatata ya Colorado, kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, nyerere, maulesi.
Tizilombo ta mbatata ku Colorado ndi mliri weniweni wa biringanya panthawi yomwe mbatata m'minda yoyandikana nayo ikungoyamba kumene kutuluka, ndipo mbande zokhala ndi mabilingano kale zibzalidwe kale. Kenako nsikidzi zimasonkhana tchire kuchokera kuzungulira mozungulira ndipo zimatha kuziwononga mwachangu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mbande ndi yaying'ono, kumatetezedwa motere:
- Botolo la pulasitiki lita 1.5 limadula pansi ndi khosi.
- Silinda yotsatira imadulidwa m'magawo awiri.
- Silimayo amayikidwamo pamwamba pa mbande zobzalidwa, ndikuzama ndikuzama pansi. Biringanya limamera kumbuyo kwa "mpanda" wapulasitiki, komwe palibe tizilombo touluka tomwe tingakwere.
Biringanya amatha kupulumutsidwa kuchokera ku kachilomboka ka mbatata wa Colorado ndi mabotolo apulasitiki
Ndikotheka kuchitira biringanya ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda polimbana ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, koma pokhapokha komanso kamodzi pachaka.
Tizilombo ta mbatata ku Colorado ndiye mdani woipitsitsa wa biringanya
Kupewa nsabwe za m'masamba, ndikofunikira kuwononga anthill onse omwe ali pafupi. Nyerere zimafalitsa nsabwe za m'minda kenako ndizogwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya, chifukwa chake, ma aphid amayenera kudyedwa mobwerezabwereza, mosiyana ndi nsabwe zina. Kuphatikiza apo, anthill pansi pamizu imatha kuwononga chitsamba.
Zolakwika Mukamakula Biringanya
Nthawi zina biringanya limakula bwino:
- tchire silimakula msipu wobiriwira, mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wotumbululuka, ndi wellowness;
- maluwa amagwa;
- amawoneka, koma kenako ovary yaying'ono imagwera;
- zipatso zochepa ndipo ndizochepa.
Tiyenera kuyang'ana pazifukwa zosemphana ndi malamulo a chisamaliro, mtundu wa dothi, zizindikiro za matenda ndi kupezeka kwa tizirombo. Muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto zimatha kuzizira. Kutentha kokhazikika kwa chitukuko cha biringanya ndi 25-30zaC. Usiku 8-10zaS ndi tsiku lililonse 14-16zaNdi kufinya kukolola kwa biringanya wowuma sangathe.
Zolakwika zotsatirazi ziyeneranso kupewedwa:
- kubzala mumthunzi, kubzala unakhuthala, tchuthi zoposa 4-5 pa 1 mita2. Tchire siliyatsidwa bwino ndipo silikhala ndi mpweya, masamba opindika amasanduka achikasu, zipatso sizitembenukira utoto, zowola, chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi nkhungu ndizapamwamba;
- madzi okwanira Manyowa ochulukirapo atatha kuyanika m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti ming'alu iwoneke zipatso, amasiya kukula ndikuyamba kuwonongeka. Kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira ndikosavomerezeka;
- kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka (manyowa, feteleza wa nayitrogeni). Panthawi yodzala, izi zimatsogolera kuti mbewuyo imayendetsa misa yobiriwira (mafuta) ndi zipatso zochepa;
- malo osayenera. Biringanya amafunika dothi losakhwima, lachonde, lomwe limamera bwino pamiyeso yambiri komanso pamchenga wamchenga.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Zipatso zoyambirira zitha kuoneka kuyambira patangotha masiku 25 mpaka 40 mutamasulidwa. Kenako gawo lotsatira la mbewu limatha kubadwa masiku 4 mpaka 7 aliwonse.
Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi peduncle yolimba, chimadulidwa ndi ma secateurs, lumo waukulu kapena mpeni, kwambiri, kupindika ndi manja, kuzungulira mozungulira mpaka miyendo itasweka. Mwendo umasiyidwa kutalika kwa 3-5 cm.
Biringanya wodulidwa ndi mpeni kapena lumo
Zipatso zouma zimasungidwa bwino ndikuzizira komanso mthunzi, chifukwa zimakhala ndi peel yolimba. Zayikidwa mu zigawo za 1-2. Pambuyo pamasabata awiri atasungidwa, ma biringanya amatha kusanjidwa, kutayika osungika komanso ofewa, otsalawo amatha kufalitsa pamtunda wa udzu wouma kapena wometera pamalo abwino, pansi pake. Kotero biringanya watsopano amathanso kusungidwa kwa miyezi ina iwiri.
Pakasungidwa, ma biringanya nthawi zonse ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yowuma, chifukwa pakuwala amapanga solanine yoyipa, yomweyo monga mbatata zobiriwira. Koma mukakhala chinyezi kwambiri ndi kutentha, zipatsozo sizitha kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwa mkati mwa masabata awiri itatha.
Ndemanga za olima masamba
Ndi mitundu iti ya biringanya yomwe sinayesere kukula. Samakula, sakonda nyengo ya Ural! Koma pamapeto pake - zabwino zonse! Mitundu yamtundu wa ku Mongolia imayamba kubala zipatso nthawi yomweyo ndi tomato woyamba. Ndikudziwa kuti m'chigawo cha Kostroma chimamera malo otseguka.
Fech Eugene
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/
Ine pachokha sindichita kalikonse ndi biringanya. Zowona, mu Astrakhan yathu yotentha imakhala yotentha ndipo mabiringanya onse amapsa bwino, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, sitikufuna ambiri aiwo. Mwambiri, ndimayesetsa kunyamula mabiringanya ang'onoang'ono, osakhwima kotero kuti pali mbewu zochepa. Sindimapanga chitsamba. Ndidula masamba okha pansi kuti asamagona pansi. Ndimatenga biringanya yaying'ono, chifukwa chitsamba chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupsa zipatso zonse.
Tosha
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/page-2
M'zaka 4 zapitazi, biringanya Valentine watchuka kwambiri ndi ife. Ndiye kalasi yabwino kwambiri! Ndinali kukula. Zochulukirapo komanso zopitilira nyengo nyengo zonse. Kungoyambira kuyambira mbande, Valentine amadzilankhulira yekha. Amadziwika ndi abale ake. Ndikukulangizani kuti muyesere.
Zavodinka
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12114/page-4
Masiku ano, ngakhale nyengo yozizira yapakatikati, mbande kuyambira Kubzala mu February zimakwanitsa kubzala poyera, ndipo m'malo obiriwira - mbewu zodziyankhira, monga kum'mwera. Kuphatikiza apo, izi sizitengera kuyesayesa kwamphamvu, muyenera kudziwa zambiri zomwe akatswiri omwe akhala akutulutsa nawo ulimi akuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
