Physalis ndi chomera chokongola komanso chosadziwika. Dzinali limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakale chachi Greek kuti "bubble". Ndipo zipatso zilizonse zimabisidwa pamanda okhala ndi magazi ambiri ofanana ndi nyali zaku China. Mitunduyi ndi ya banja la a Solanaceae. Oimira ake amatha kupezeka ku Eurasia, South ndi North America. Zina mwa izo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zokongoletsera, pomwe zina zimalimidwa muulimi, monga ndiwo zamasamba ndi mabulosi. Mitengo yabwino ya physalis ikaganizira kwambiri imapereka malingaliro osangalatsa, ndipo zipatso zimakhutitsa thupi ndi zinthu zomwe sizolimba kuposa zovuta za multivitamin.
Kodi ma physalis amawoneka bwanji
Physalis ndi herbaceous osatha kapena pachaka. Amadyetsa zokwawa ma rhizomes. Mtengowo wabzala kutalika kwa 20-120 cm.Utha kumera mokhazikika kapena kufalikira pansi. Maziko a mphukira amapindika pang'onopang'ono.
Udzu nthawi zambiri umakhala wosiyana. Imakhazikika pa petioles. Mbale yonyezimira kapena yowoneka bwino imakhala ndi ovoid kapena mawonekedwe a kanjedza okhala ndi mbali zomata komanso malekezero osaloledwa. Zipinda zokhala ndi mtundu wowala.
Maluwa amodzi mu nthambi ndi nkhwangwa za masamba amapezeka pamayendedwe afupipafupi aafupi. Chikho chowoneka ngati belu ndichopepuka. Corolla yoyera yokhala ndi mafolo osalozera imatuluka. Maluwa amatulutsa kumayambiriro kwa June ndipo amakopa chidwi chochepa.
Pambuyo popukutira koyambirira kwa nyengo yophukira, zipatso zimayamba kupanga zipatso zowoneka bwino zamitundu yayikulu. Maluwa amabisika pansi pa mabatani oonda, opakidwa utoto wachikasu, lalanje, ofiira kapena mtundu. Mkati, mabulosi abuluu amafanana ndi phwetekere. Muli njere zazing'ono zooneka ngati kirimu kapena zonona.
Zipatso za ma physalis ena ndi zabwino, pomwe zina zimakhala ndi poizoni, kotero musanazigwiritse ntchito ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi zamtundu uti zomwe zimalimidwa m'mundamo.
Malingaliro odziwika
Pa genus Physalis, pali mitundu 124 ya mbewu. Misonkhano yonse, yonse imagawidwa kukhala chakudya komanso zokongoletsera.
Physalis ndi wamba. Mtundu wa herbaceous osatha 40-60 masentimita umakula masamba a petiole ovate. Mbale yamasamba yokhala ndi m'mbali yolimba yotupa pakati pa mitsempha. Kutalika kwake ndi 6-12 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 4-9 cm.Maluwa oyera okhala ndi mafelesi osanjikizika asanu amakhala ngati belu mumawonekedwe, m'mimba mwake ndi 1-1.5 cm. Beri lozungulira limabisika pansi pa khoma lachiberekero. Kukula kwa chipatsocho kungafanane ndi dzira la nkhuku. Zipatso ndizabwino, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zipatso zosapsa zimayambitsa poyizoni.
Masamba a Physalis (Mexico). Osatha thermophilic, osakhudzika ndi dothi lokhala ndi mphukira zosinthika. Ubwino wake ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 3-5 (nthawi zina mpaka 7 cm). Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achikasu achikasu ndi kukoma kowawasa komanso wowawasa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Confectioner - zipatso zazikulu zokoma zokhala ndi khungu lowoneka bwino zobiriwira ndizoyenera ma pickles ndi mchere;
- Korolek ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri wam'mapiri womwe umatha kununkhira bwino ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zakudya zonyansa.
Physalis Peruvian. Chitsamba chokhala ndi udzu chimatulutsa 90-160 masentimita okwera ndipo chimakutidwa ndi masamba ofewa, ofunda a mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima. Kutalika kwa masamba a maserawo ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 15, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 10. Mabelu ang'onoang'ono amaluwa okhala ndi zikaso zachikaso ndi mawanga amdima amdima m'munsi pambuyo poyipitsidwa ndi m'malo mwake ndi zipatso za lalanje zozungulira. Zipatso zimabisidwa pansi pazomera zowoneka zachikasu. Danga la mabulosi ndi 12-20 mm. Ili ndi fungo lokoma la zipatso komanso mkoma wokoma ndi wowawasa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Chinanazi - zipatso zimacha kale kuposa masiku onse ndipo amakhala ndi fungo lamapapo;
- Strawberry - chitsamba chowombedwa ndi kutalika kosaposa 70 cm mu kugwa wokutidwa ndi amber okoma kwambiri zipatso za sitiroberi;
- Dessert - mphukira yowongoka mpaka 70c wamtali, wokhala ndi masamba pang'ono, zipatso zowala za lalanje zokhala ndi dzuwa zambiri zimawonekera kumbuyo kwawo;
- Marmalade - chitsamba chophukira mpaka 1.5 m kutalika chimakula zipatso za lilac-chikasu zolemera mpaka 60 g.
Physalis ndizokongoletsa. Osatha ndi zokongola, zipatso zosakhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, nthambi zokhala ndi nyali zowala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale koyambirira kwa Ogasiti kupukuta ndi kupanga nyimbo. M'nyengo yotentha, m'nkhalangoyi mumakongoletsedwa mundawo. Franche yamitundu yotchuka imakhala yotchuka - shrub yayikulu mpaka 90cm kutalika ndi masamba obiriwira amdima wobiriwira ndi zipatso zofiirira zofiirira.
Ulimi wa thupi
Nthawi zambiri, physalis imamera pambewu. Amapereka kudzilimbitsa bwino. Kubalana kumachitika mu mmera ndi njira mmera. Nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka, physalis amafesedwa m'dzinja kapena masika. Zitsime zakuya 1-1,5 cm zakonzedwa kuti zibzalire nyengo yachisanu mu Okutobala-Novembala. Mbewu zimabzalidwe mosamala m'nthaka, ndipo pamwamba pake mumayatsidwa ndi peat, kompositi kapena tsamba la humus kutalika kwa masentimita 2-3.
Pakubzala masika mu Epulo, mbewuzo zimayamba kunyowa mu saline ofooka, kenako ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Mutha kuwasiya mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Kubzala poyera pansi ikuchitika koyambirira kwa Meyi. Mbewuzo sizigawika pang'ono mpaka pakuya masentimita 1.5. Ndikamera mbande, mbewuzo zimadulidwa, pang'onopang'ono zimakulitsa mtunda pakati pa mbewu mpaka 25c. Sikoyenera kuwononga mbande zomwe zidang'ambika. Zitha kuikidwa kumalo ena abwino.
Pakatikati mwa Russia kapena zigawo zakumpoto, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbande zoyamba kubzala. Zikatero, maluwa amabwera kale, ndipo zipatso zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha bwino. Kubzala kumachitika m'makaseti kapena m'miphika ya peat mu February-Marichi. Wopezeka ndi potaziyamu permanganate kwa theka la ora, njere zimabzalidwa mpaka masentimita 1-1.5. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-1.5. Pambuyo pake, pogona chimachotsedwa. Dziko lapansi limapangidwa mosinthasintha koma modekha. Ponyowa kwambiri, mwendo wakuda umatha kukula mwachangu. Kukula mumiphika osiyana kumapewetsa kutola.
Mbande anaikidwa bwino-anayatsa ndi kutetezedwa kuti akonze mbuto. Kuwasamalira musanadzalemo kuli ngati kusamalira mbande za phwetekere. Potseguka, mbande zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ntchito yakonzekera madzulo. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lophatikiza ndi feteleza. Ma genalis amakula bwino pambuyo pa nkhaka kapena kabichi, koma pambuyo pa phwetekere ndi tsabola, chiwembuchi chimamasulidwa kuchokera kwina kwa zaka zingapo, popeza ma virus ndi majeremusi omwe amakhala akhungu amatha kukhalabe m'nthaka.
Kuphatikiza pofesa mbewu, njira zamasamba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- Gawani chitsamba. Pakatentha kapena chilimwe, chitsambachi chimagawika magawo angapo. Mutha kugawa kwathunthu kuchokera kumizu yokhala ndi malo okula.
- Kudula. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, odulidwa omwe alibe ma 2-3 samadulidwa. Amakhala ozika m'miphika wopanda dothi lachonde. Mphukira imamizidwa pansi mpaka theka, ndikufundidwa ndi filimu pamwamba. Timapepala tatsopano timatsimikizira kuzika mizu, pambuyo pake filimuyo imachotsedwa.
Kusamalira Kunja
Awochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amakonda malo okhala owala bwino kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Imakula bwino pokhapokha kutetezedwa ku mphepo komanso mafunde ozizira. Malowa azikhala paphiri kuti madzi apansi asalumikizane ndi mpweya, ndipo matalala akasungunuka, madziwo amachoka mwachangu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda mbali kapena yamchere pang'ono; Asanabzala, nthaka imakumbidwa ndipo gawo lokwanira la phulusa la nkhuni, humus, laimu, mchenga limayambitsidwa. Kuti mbewu zizioneka bwino, kubzala kumachitika pang'onopang'ono masentimita 30-50. Rhizomeyo imayikidwa pa pepala lapafupi. Mutabzala, tchire limathiriridwa mokwanira ndi mulch padziko lapansi ndi peat.
Kusamalidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa madokotala sikutanthauza kuchita zambiri. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, nthawi zambiri imathiriridwa madzi osagwa mvula. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchotsa namsongole munthawi yake, makamaka pafupi ndi mbewu zazing'ono.
Feteleza amapaka kawiri pamwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofooka ya ndowe kapena mullein. Mukatha kudyetsa, kuthirira ndi madzi abwinobwino kumafunikira kuti kuyaka kusawonekere.
Maofesi a thupi safunika kudula ndi kuchotsa ma stepons. Nthambi zambiri zikapangidwa, zipatso zambiri zimawonekera.
Yokolola pamene ipsa, kuyang'ana zipatso tsiku lililonse. Mu mbewu zamasamba, zimatha kugwera pansi, ndipo zipatso zamabulosi, zimakololedwa mwachindunji kuchokera kunthambi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zosapsa sikuloledwa.
M'dzinja, zophuka zokhazo zomwe zimangokulidwa zokha. Nthambi zodzikongoletsera zimadulidwa pansi ndikuphimba ndi ma rhizome ndi wosanjikiza wa masamba okugwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Chapakatikati, mphukira zatsopano zimawonekera kuchokera pamtunda wokula.
Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amatha kudzitamandira chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira, koma matenda monga zithunzi, phytosporosis ndi mwendo wakuda kukhoza kuwononga malo onse obzala, chifukwa chake muyenera kutsatira njira zaulimi ndikuyang'ana nthawi zonse mphukira. Ndizomveka kuchita mankhwala othandizira fungus ("Bordeaux fluid"), osati kokha pachiwopsezo, komanso ngati prophylaxis. Tizilombo ta mbewuyo ndi zimbalangondo ndi waya. Chophimba chimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, poyizoni amayikidwa kunja, kapena mbewu zimabzalidwa mphete kuchokera kumabotolo apulasitiki odulidwa.
Zothandiza katundu
Zipatso za Physalis ndi nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini ndi michere yambiri yofunikira ndi thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mapuloteni, CHIKWANGWANI, dzuwa, acid. Zipatso amadya mwatsopano kapena kupanikizana kwa iwo kupanikizana, kupanikizana, zipatso zouma.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi choleretic, diuretic, antiseptic, heestatic, analgesic, anti-kutupa kanthu. A decoction of physalis amatengedwa pakamwa kuti athane ndi kamwazi, bronchitis, edema. Zipatso zouma zimathandizira polimbana ndi chimfine ndi urolithiasis. Mafuta onunkhira a maolivi ndi zipatso zouma zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja chifukwa cha kupindika.
Mwakutero, ma physalis alibe contraindication, koma ochepa ma alkaloids amapezeka mu zipolopolo za zipatso. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, amatsogolera poizoni.
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Tchire totsika timabzala m'njira kapena panjira yolowera pamalopo ngati zofukiza zowala. Mphukira zosunthika zomwe zimasunthika zimatha kupita ku mpanda kapena m'mbali. Nyali zowala komanso zachilendo zimasungabe mitundu yake yolemera ngakhale nthawi yozizira, kotero ma physalis nthawi zambiri amadzalidwa kuti azikongoletsa dimba lachisanu. M'munda wamaluwa wosakanizika, gypsophila, immortelle, lunaria, ndi conifers atha kupanga kampani chomera. Udzu wouma umayanika kuyambira nthawi yotentha ndipo pambuyo pake umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maluwa komanso maluwa.
