Kupanga mbewu

Chijeremani cha Japan: kufotokoza, kulima, mitundu yodziwika bwino

Rhododendron ndi ya mitundu yambiri ya mitengo, mitengo yobiriwira, mitengo yachitsamba ndi zitsamba za banja la heather. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu 800-1300. Izi zimaphatikizapo azaza, zomwe zimatchedwanso kuti nyumba yamkati. Amafalitsidwa ku Himalaya, Japan, South China, North America ndi Korea. Talingalirani zomwe zimachitika mmera ndi chisamaliro chake mu nkhaniyi.

Mbiri yowonekera

Rhododendron ndi mitundu yakale ya azalea. Izo zinkawoneka pafupi zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo zinali zofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, glaciation inawononga mbali zake zina, zomwe zinayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ake okhalamo.

Malo omwe ali kumidzi ndi kumpoto ndi kumadera a ku Japan. Popeza ichi ndi chilumba, chimayendetsedwa ndi malo otseguka, kotero shrub sichipezeka m'deralo.

Mukudziwa? Kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chigriki "rhododendron" kumatanthauza "mtengo wa rose". Onani kuti iye alibe chiyanjano ndi maluwa. Kufanana kokha ndi mtundu wa maluwa pa shrub. Komanso, chomeracho chinapatsa mayina osiyanasiyana, monga azalea ndi alpine rose.

Malo achiwiri a malo obadwirako a zomera ndi England. Mnyamata wina wazaka za m'ma 1500 wa ku Netherlands, Brainius, adabweretsa shrub ndi maluwa okongola kunyumba, koma sanamve. Patatha zaka 100, munthu wina waulendo, Coners, anayesera kupita naye kudziko lakwawo, koma chomeracho chinafota panjira.

Onani mndandanda wa otchuka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira yolimba.

Pambuyo pake, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, woyang'anira wamkulu dzina lake Velbenck adabweretsa maluwa azalea shrub ku London kuchokera ku India. Chifukwa cha mankhwala osankhidwa omwe akhala akusankhidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yake yambiri ndi hybrids zinafalikira.

Chikhalidwe chomera sizinali zokha zokha - mitundu yowonongeka inapanganso. Kwa izi, zojambula zakutchire zochokera kumayiko akummawa ndi America zinakopeka. Kuswana kwa chomera chokongoletsera ichi chinachitika ku Ulaya konse. Zotsatira za kuswana zimaphatikizapo pafupi mitundu 12,000 ya rhododendron ndi azalea.

Kufotokozera

Izi shrub zimakula mpaka mamita awiri m'lifupi. Amamasula kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo pamtunda umodzi mukhoza kuwerengera maluwa 100-400. Maluwa amapezeka kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe, woimira inflorescences, wochokera 10 kapena kuposa maluwa ndi lalanje-chikasu.

Zitsanzo zazikulu zimatha kukula zaka zoposa 100. Rhododendron ikhoza kukhala yowongoka ndi yokwawa. Mphukira zake zimakula ndi zobiriwira ndipo achinyamata amakhala obiriwira.

Mukudziwa? Rhododendron imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera zakudya zachikhalidwe za ku Korean - chintalle hwhajon, komanso keke ya mpunga ndi masamba a zomera.

Wood ali ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka. Mizu yokwanira imakhala ndi mizu yambiri yosaya. Monga oimira onse a heather, alibe tsitsi.

Mitundu yotchuka

Chomerachi chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Taganizirani zochitika za ena mwa iwo.

Salimoni

Izi shrub yosaoneka ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri. Kukhala ndi nthambi zambiri zokhala ndi chaka chimodzi cha 20-25 masentimita, zimafika kutalika kwa mamita awiri. Masamba ake ndi otalika masentimita 10 mpaka 3 cm.

Maluwawo amakhala aakulu masentimita 8, oyang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yofiira ndi malo a chikasu-lalanje m'madera a pistil ndi stamens. Amayamba maluwa mu May-June: imatha pafupifupi masabata atatu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndi maonekedwe a Dahurian rhododendron, komanso Schlippenbach, Ledebour, Adams rhododendrons.

Cream

Mitundu yodabwitsa imeneyi, monga lamulo, ili ndi duwa lokhala ndi malo obiriwira, masamba ake ali ndi mitsinje yachikasu. M'dzinja, masamba amasintha mtundu wawo kukhala wachikasu. Chitsamba ichi chimasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa ndi yofupika.

Yellow

Izi zimapanga shrub kufika kutalika kwa mamita limodzi ndi hafu ndipo zimawonjezeka kwambiri m'lifupi - mpaka mamita atatu. Maluwa achikasu ali ndi subspecies 2. Mmodzi amakhala ndi masamba masentimita 10, wobiriwira, winayo - masentimita 18 masentimita mpaka masentimita awiri, imvi-buluu.

Ndikofunikira! Zonsezi zimakhala zoopsa, choncho musamazilawe.

Chidziwikire cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chakuti inflorescences yake ili ndi maluwa 20 omwe ali ndi mthunzi wachikasu ndi lalanje. Nthawi ya maluwa awo ndi mwezi wa May ndipo amatha masabata 2-3. Chomera chikukula mofulumira, ngakhale kuti zofuna za nthaka zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

White

Ambiri mwa maluwa amenewa amadziwika ndi maluwa oyera, koma ena mwa iwo akhoza kukhala ndi chikasu m'dera la pistil ndi stamens ndi golide anthers. Chitsamba choyera cha Shrub chimafika mamita limodzi ndi hafu msinkhu.

Masamba ake ali ndi mamba pansi. Nthawi ya maluwa imayamba mu May ndipo imatha milungu itatu. Maluwa ali pafupifupi masentimita 4. Chaka chilichonse shrub imapitirira masentimita 5.Zindikirani kuti chomera chopanda chisanu chimafuna nthaka yofooka ya acidity ndipo ikufuna kukhalapo kwa kuwala ndi mthunzi.

Monga rhododendron, yabwino kwambiri maluwa zitsamba zikuphatikizapo buddleya, weigela, heather, hibiscus, hydrangea, jasmine, silverweed, camellia, magnolia, lilac, spirea ndi forsythia.

Caroline

Zomera zowonjezereka zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba okwana 1-1.5 ali ndi masamba ovundika mpaka masentimita 10 mpaka mamita masentimita 4. Maluwa ake opangidwa ndi mphukira amakhala olemera masentimita atatu ndipo amakhala ndi masentimita 10 ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi pamunsi. Amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -26 ° C.

Kusankha malo

Chomera ichi chidzakhala malo abwino okhala m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Mbali ya kumpoto kapena kumpoto chakummawa kwa nyumbayi, mtengo wamtunda kapena mpanda waukulu udzakhale woyenera pa izi.

Zindikirani kuti shrub sayenera kuyikidwa pansi, monga nyengo yachisanu imatha kuyambitsa kugwa kwa chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chinatsika kuchokera padenga pamtengo.

Ndikofunikira! Musati mubzale rhododendron kumalo kumene kuli madzi apamwamba. Pachifukwa choopsa, mungathe kuchichita pamtunda waukulu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kupanga ngalande ndi ngalande za kuchotsa madzi.

Musakhumudwe ngati mutadzazindikira kuti munabzala chikhomo m'malo osasangalatsa. Izi zimachotsedwa mosavuta ndi kuziika, monga chomera chimalekerera njirayi bwino. Mukamabzala rhododendron muyeneranso kuganizira kukhalapo kwa mitengo ndi mitengo ina.

Zosiyana mizu mawonekedwe amafunika zakudya zina, kotero yabwino oyandikana nawo rhododendron adzakhala conifers, monga pine ndi spruce. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mtengo, chitumbuwa, peyala, apulo, ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso zimakhala bwino ndi iye kumalo omwewo.

Pezani mitengo ya coniferous ndi tchire.
Koma mtedza, birch, msondodzi, linden, msuti ndi mapulo ndi oyandikana nawo oyandikana nawo a rhododendron. Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti mitengo yayikulu ndi tchire ziyenera kusungidwa mtunda wa mamita atatu, ku nyumba - mamita 7. Ngati mwasankha kuti mumangobzala chomera ichi mzere, ndiye kuti mugwiritseni pa masentimita 130-180.

Malamulo obwera

Pali njira zingapo zopangira Japan rhododendron. Kwa kufotokoza kwawo tidzapereka ndondomeko yowonjezera, ndikufotokozeranso zomwe zizindikiro za kutentha, chinyezi, nthaka acidity, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kukhala.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga momwe mungadziwire okha kuti ndi acidity ya nthaka, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka pa tsamba.

Mbewu

Monga lamulo, miyezi yozizira yoyamba imasankhidwa kuti izi zitheke. Pofuna kubzala, nkofunika kutenga nthaka ndi acidity ya 4.0-4.5 pH. Dziwani kuti tchire lalikulu kwambiri ndi tcheru kwambiri pa chinthu ichi, ndipo kuchepa kwa chizindikiro ichi kumabweretsa chiletso cha mbewu.

Dothi lopangidwa ndi peat ndi loyenerera, popeza rhododendron imasowa nthaka yolemera kwambiri yomwe imakhala yovuta. Ndikofunika kukonzekera gawo lapansi lokhala ndi humus, mchenga, peat ndi coniferous.

Kusakaniza izi zogwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo ofanana, m'pofunika kuwatsanulira ndi njira yowonjezera ya potassium permanganate: izi zidzasokoneza nthaka. Choncho, nyemba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa pansi kuti zikhale zakuya 2 cm.

Video: kukonzekera kufesa mbewu za rhododendron

Mukudziwa? Rhododendron ili ndi phindu lothandiza, monga kuwongolera masomphenya, kuthetsa barele, kuwopsya njenjete.

Kenaka muyenera kuchepetsa nthaka, ndiye kuphimba chophimba chomera ndi filimu kapena kutumiza pansi pa galasi - izi zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhalepo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chomera chimafunikira tsiku lililonse maola awiri.

Kukula Japanese rhododendron pobzala mbewu zake, nkofunikira kupanga kutentha pafupifupi 25 ° C. Chinyezi mu chipinda sichingakhale pansi pa 75-80%. Zizindikiro zoterezi zidzakhazikitsa mkhalidwe wabwino kuti upeze mbande za nambala yochulukirapo yochuluka.

Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mphukira yoyamba idzaonekera, pambuyo pake kutentha kukuchepetsedwa kufika + 10-12 ° С. Pakubwera kwa mphukira yoyamba, muyeneranso kupanga magetsi popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Video: Seeding Rhododendron Zikatero, zomwe zili mu rhododendron zidzakula patsiku - zitatha kuzibzala pansi.

Mbande

Musanayambe kubzala mbewu, m'pofunika kukonzekera dzenje 40-60 masentimita mozungulira limodzi. Iyenera kudzazidwa ndi peti yokonzedwa bwino ya peat ndi loam mu chiŵerengero cha 3.5: 4.5. Ndiye mumayenera kuliphwanya pansi pa dzenje.

Musanayambe kumera bwino muzitsulo, ndi bwino kuchepetsa mizu yake m'madzi ndikuigwira mpaka mpweya utasiya kuonekera. Kenaka, muike pansi ndikudzaza dzenje ndi gawo lapansi.

Kenaka mumayenera kuthirira madzi okwanira ndi kuphimba bwalo lopangidwa pansi ndi peat, moss, masamba a thundu kapena mulch ndi masentimita asanu 5. Mu masabata 2-3 mukhoza kudyetsa chomera. Chifukwa cha mizu ya mbewu yomwe ili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, kumasula nthaka yozungulira kungakukhudze kwambiri. Choncho, pochotsa namsongole, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zam'munda ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Ndikofunikira! Osati kutsanulira mizu ya chomera - izi zidzatengera kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi, chifukwa masamba ake adzawombera ndi kugwa pansi. Zotsatira zomwezo zidzapezeka pa chilala.

Kuthirira kwa rhododendron kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi mvula kapena madzi asanakhazikitsidwe. Ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito peat pamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lina chisanadze ulimi wothirira, muponyeni nthaka yapaderayi m'madzi.

Imwani nyemba ziyenera kukhala zofunikira, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa mwa kusintha mtundu wa masamba. Choncho, ngati atakhala ofooka, ndiye kuti chomera chimafuna chinyezi.

Video: momwe mungabzalitsire rhododendrons Nthaŵi ya ulimi wothirira kawirikawiri imakhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, chifukwa nthawi imene dzuwa limatentha mbewu imalira mofulumira. Ndikofunika kuti tichite ndondomeko iliyonse masiku 2-3, moyenera nthawi zonse kupopera mankhwala.

Chisamaliro

Chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo chomaliza - kumapeto kwa mwezi wachiwiri wa chilimwe, mutatha maluwa. Pochita izi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamadzi opangidwa kuchokera ku nyanga ya ufa ndi manyowa a ng'ombe. Pofuna kukonzekera, muyenera kutsanulira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:15 ndikuzisiya kwa masiku angapo.

Ndibwino kuti mugwiritsire ntchito feteleza monga ammonium sulphate, calcium, magnesium kapena potaziyamu. Pulogalamu yoyenera yodyetsa ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito organic kapena mchere feteleza kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunika kuwonjezera 50 g ya ammonium sulphate ndi magnesium sulphate imodzi pa 1 m². Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba za rhododendron sayenera kunyalanyazidwa ndi ndondomeko, chifukwa mbewu yokhayo imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ozungulira. Koma nthawi zina muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zakuda kapena kubwezeretsanso chomera chakale. Pochita izi, nthambi zake zimadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera pansi.

Ndikofunikira! Rhododendron imasiyana mukuti chaka chimodzi icho chimamasula ndi zipatso zochuluka, ndipo chaka chotsatira chiwerengerochi chikuchepa. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, nkofunika kuthetseratu masamba otsala mwamsanga mutatha maluwa kuti apeze mphamvu ndi chakudya cha maluwa wotsatira.

Chomera choterocho chingakhale ngati zokongoletsera za m'mundamo, chifukwa zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, osati zozizwitsa zodzikongoletsera, komanso zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Pokonza mapangidwe a malo, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti mitundu yobiriwira nthawizonse imakonda penumbra, ndipo mitundu yosavuta imakonda dzuwa ndi kusowa kolemba. Zimalimbikitsanso kuti muzitsata maluwa pafupi ndi madzi, kuphatikizapo dziwe, komanso m'mphepete mwa njira ndi akasupe. Osiyana chitsamba cha rhododendron akhoza kubzalidwa pakati pa duwa bedi, atazungulidwa ndi miyala ndi osatha zomera. Udzu wazitsamba ukhoza kukhala wabwino kwambiri kumbuyo kwa shrub.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira

Kuti chisungidwe chabwino cha rhododendrons m'nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kupanga zofunikira. Choyamba muyenera kuika mizu ya shrub ndi chitetezo cha peat ndi masamba.

Ndiye mumayenera kumanga pogona. Kuti muchite izi, sungani chithunzi pamwamba pa chomeracho ndikuchiphimba ndi filimu kapena penti. Chotsani chojambulacho chidzakhala chotheka nthaka itatha.

Video: Kukonzekera rhododendrons m'nyengo yozizira

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Popeza shrub ili pamalo otseguka, pali ngozi ya tizirombo ndi matenda.

Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta rhododendrons.
Taganizirani zofala kwambiri:
  1. Kangaude mite Pokhala tizilombo ting'onoting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'onoting'ono kameneka, kamakhala mkati mwa tsamba la chomeracho ndi intaneti yake, kudyetsa madzi ake. Zotsatira zake, masamba akugwa. Kuti athetse vutoli, n'zotheka kupopera shrub ndi zokonzekera monga "Agravertin" kapena "Diazinon".
  2. Aphid Amagwira ntchito mofananamo, maonekedwe awo amatha kuyambitsa bowa, zomwe zingathetsedwe mothandizidwa ndi fungicides.
    Mukudziwa? Chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa rhododendron chimasiyana malinga ndi dziko la kukula. Motero, maluwa okongola amamera ku India, ndipo ku Japan amapanga bonsai ku tchire.
  3. Mealybug Tizilomboti timakula mofulumira ndipo timaphimba masamba onse ndi maluwa oyera. Imayamitsanso juzi, kuchititsa shrub kufota. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuti mwamsanga mubweretse chomera pamodzi ndi Karbofos.
  4. Chipangizochi. Kuika mazira ake, tizilombo timayambitsa mabala pa tsamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, mungagwiritse ntchito "Diazinon" popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Ngati mumayang'anitsitsa chitukuko cha mbeu, mukhoza kuona kuonekera kwa matenda. Izi zidzathandiza kuti pakhale ndondomeko yake yothetsera nthawi.

Kwa alimi ambiri, rhododendron Japanese ndi chomera chokondedwa, kusamalira chimene sichimayambitsa mavuto, ndipo nyengo yamaluwa imakondweretsa diso. Kuti mukulitse, muyenera kudziwa bwino malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro, kumamatira kutentha ndi chinyezi molondola.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti

1. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mphukira imakula pachimake cha chaka chatha, motero ndi bwino kupanga CHIKHALA chosapanga (ngakhale mu lingaliro langa lomveka, rhododendrons (iliyonse) si mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa izi, amawoneka bwino m'magulu) 2 Kuyanjana sikofunikira kwa ambiri penumbra yowunikira ndi yofunika pamapiritsi (pansi pa korona ya mapaini oposa, m'minda yabwino ya pine) Kupanga mthunzi, chofunika kwambiri kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 16, mitengo ingabzalidwe 3. Evergreens ikhoza kuikidwa kokha ndi clod ndi ulemu m'badwo wopambana (pansi zaka 20), koma njira yabwino wamng'ono - optimally 3-7 zaka.
Mikhalych
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Mu chisamaliro cha Rhododendrons, nthaka acidity ndi kuthirira ndi zofunika. Mitengo yachinyamata, yomwe imakula kwambiri. N'zosatheka kulola ngakhale kusinthasintha kwa nthawi yayitali ya nthaka; kuthirira ndi madzi acidified ndilofunikira! Kutentha, nyengo youma, Rhododendrons amakonda kwambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, bwino kuposa mvula kapena madzi a mitsinje, kotero kuti palibe alkalinization ya masamba ndi nthaka.
morela
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