Camellia ndi mbewu yobiriwira yotuluka ku banja la tiyi. Imapezeka mu subtropics ku Eurasia ndi North America, komanso itha kulimidwa ngati chomera chakanyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi. Camellia imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera, komanso ili ndi mankhwala othandizira. Masamba amtundu wina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira tiyi. Olima maluwa ambiri amawopa kuti abzale chifukwa cha zipatso zake, komabe, ndizokwanira kuphunzira mawonekedwe angapo osamalidwa kuti mupewe mavuto odabwitsa ndikukhala ndi maluwa odabwitsa.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Camellia ndi shrub osatha kapena mtengo 220 m. Imayambira nthambi kuchokera pansi ndipo mwachangu. Mphukira zazing'ono zobiriwira zimakhala pubescent. Popita nthawi, amakhala amaliseche ndikupeza mtundu wa imvi kapena wopepuka.
Panthambi za mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse pamakhala masamba achidule kapena ozungulira. Ali ndi konsekonse kapena koyenera m'mphepete ndipo ali ndi malekezero, owonjezera. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amapinda pang'ono m'mbali mwake. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kukhala ndi ma shiti 1-3. Kutalika kwa chonyezimira, kupindika m'mphepete mwa masamba ndi 3-17 cm.
Camellia limamasula mu Novembala-Disembala ndipo limatha mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja. Duwa limodzi limakhala mpaka mwezi umodzi. Maluwa amodzi akulu amakhala pamiyala yolunjika. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 1 mpaka 6. Pansi pamiyalayo imangokhala chubu lalifupi. Pamakhala palokha pamakhala tiwiti imodzi kapena zingapo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owaza kapena ozungulira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Pakatikati pa duwa pamakhala gulu lalikulu la achikasu ambiri achikasu ndi ma anther akuluakulu. Fungo lamaluwa silituluka. Mtundu wawo umayang'aniridwa ndi zoyera, zofiira, zapinki komanso zachikasu. Zithunzi zamtundu wamtundu kapena zowonekera.
Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zipse - makapisozi owuma, ogawika magawo asanu. Mkati mwake muli mbewu zazikuru zambiri. Amataya msanga kumera chifukwa cha mafuta ambiri.
Mitundu ya Camellia
Gulu la ma camellia lapadziko lonse lapansi limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 250.
Camellia ndi Japan. Chomera chofala kwambiri pakati pamaluwa ndi shrub kapena mtengo wa 1.5-6 m. Zimayambira ndikuthiridwa ndi khungwa losalala. Nthawi yamaluwa, maluwa ambiri amawoneka, omwe ali pakati pa masamba obiriwira achikuda. Maluwa amayamba mu Novembala-Meyi. Mankhwala akum'mawa, mitunduyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khansa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Alba ndi camellia yoyera yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta;
- Zima rose - nyengo yayikulu ya utoto yoyera kapena yoyera.
Camellia ndi Wachichaina. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ngati zopangira popanga tiyi. Ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo mpaka 10 m kukwera ndi nthambi zotumphukira. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda amakula masentimita 5-7. Maluwa onunkhira amodzi omwe ali m'makoma a masamba amakhala ndi calyx yowoneka bwino asanu ndi corolla yosavuta yokhala ndi mainchesi 25-30 mm. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi zonona chikaso kapena choyera.
Camellia Sasanqua (phiri). Chitsamba Choyera cha 2.5-3 m chapamwamba chimakhala ndi mphukira zophulika. Kukula kwapachaka kumakutidwa ndi kupindika pang'ono. Pang'onopang'ono imasinthidwa ndi bulawuni wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wosalala. Mtundu wina wamtundu wabwinobwino wamtambo wobiriwira wakuda uli ndi m'mphepete ndipo umatha kupindika pakati. Maluwa akuluakulu owoneka amakhala m'malo amtundu umodzi kapena m'magulu atatu. Mitundu ya pinki ndi yofiyira imakhala yayikulu pamitundu yawo, koma maluwa oyera amapezekanso. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta. Kutengera mitundu iyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa dimba losagwirizana ndi chisanu, choncho yoyenera kulimidwa nyengo yofunda, idapezedwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Bicolor - malire onse a pinki amapezeka m'mphepete mwa miyala, ndipo maziko ake ndi oyera;
- Chansonnier - maluwa okongola a pinki;
- Cleopatra - ma corollas osavuta okhala ndi petals ya pinki.
Kuswana
Nthawi zambiri camellia imafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Kuti muchite izi, m'chilimwe (June-Julayi) kudula mphukira zazing'ono kuchokera kumtunda kwa nthambi. Ndikwabwino kutenga masamba oyipidwa ndi khungwa la maolivi, koma ang'onoang'ono, obiriwira owala atha. Mukangodula, zodulidwazo zimagawidwa mumiphika ndi mchenga-peat nthaka kapena perlite. Amakutidwa ndi thumba kuti azikhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Sungani malo obiriwira kutentha ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Katswiri wokwiririka ndi nthangala imapangidwa m'miyezi 1.5-2. Pambuyo pake, pogona chimachotsedwa. Ndikotheka kuchita zodula mu Januware, koma ndiye kuti kuzika kwamizu kumatenga nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi zina kubzala mbewu za camellia kumachitika, ngakhale sikoyenera kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yoswana. Mukangotola njerezo, zimabzala m'mbale zonyansa kapena mapoto a peat ndi dothi lotayirira. Pa nthawi ya kumera, kutentha kuyenera kukhala + 20 ... + 23 ° C. Nthaka imapoperedwa nthawi zonse. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba awiri enieni zimabisala mumtsuko wokulirapo.
Kwa mitundu yosakhazikika bwino, njira yogwiritsira ntchito katemera imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu Januware. Mphukira yopangidwa ndi masamba atatu imakhazikitsidwa pamtundu wamtundu. Chomera chimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndimadzi nthawi zonse ndikutsukidwa, komanso kuyesedwa ndi dzuwa. Njira yochiritsira imatenga miyezi iwiri.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri, koma nthawi zina wokhala ndi nkhawa, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino okhala.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna nthawi yayitali masana ndikuwala, koma kuyatsa. Mtundu waku Japan ndi woyenera komanso zipinda zamithunzi. Dzuwa mwachindunji limawononga masamba mwachangu, chifukwa chake koronayo amakhala wopanda pake.
Kutentha Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, camellia imapanga maluwa, motero pamafunika kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. M'chaka chonse, nyengo yotentha siigwirizana ndi duwa. Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira, kutentha pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Mutha kusunga chomera ngakhale pamtengo wokhazikika. Imatha kupilira chisanu mpaka -10 ° C. Kwa chilimwe, ndikofunikira kutenga camellias amkati kumweya watsopano (khonde, khonde, munda).
Chinyezi. Camellias amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha, motero chinyezi chofunikira kwambiri ndichofunikira kwa iwo. Maluwa amaswedwa kangapo patsiku, ndipo nthawi yozizira, zoziziritsa kukhosi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yotentha. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madontho pamaluwa amatsogolera ku kufinya msanga kwa chomaliza.
Kuthirira. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, kumathilira madzi ochulukirapo. Mukugwa, pang'onopang'ono ikuchepetsedwa. Nthaka iyenera kupukuta 1-2 cm, osatinso. Madzi oyenda poto samaloledwa. Madziwo ayenera kukhala ofewa, oyeretsedwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito madzi amvula kapena omwe akhala akuyimilira kwa masiku atatu.
Feteleza. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukula kwantchito (Epulo-Meyi) mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi, camellia imadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi maofesi amamineral maluwa osambira. Kuyambira mwezi wa Ogasiti, mavalidwe onse amathera, komwe ndi chizindikiro choti akupuma.
Thirani Popeza camellia ikuphulika nthawi yamasika, kupatsidwa kwake kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. Mizu yake imawonongeka mosavuta, motero amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira mumphika wokulirapo. Ndondomeko ikuchitika aliyense zaka 2-3. Makina amtundu wamakina amatsanulidwa pansi. Khosi la mizu lili padziko lapansi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira mokwanira, lamadzi- komanso lopumira. Ndikofunikira kuti dziko lapansi lipange acidic kapena pang'ono acidic. Osakaniza pobzala atha kudzipangira pawokha pazinthu izi:
- land sheet (mbali ziwiri);
- dziko la coniferous (magawo awiri);
- peat yapamwamba (magawo awiri);
- vermiculite (magawo awiri);
- mchenga (gawo 1);
- khungwa la mtengo wa coniferous (magawo 0,5).
Kudulira. Nthawi ndi nthawi, camellia imatha kudulidwa, ndikupatsa mawonekedwe ofunikira. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa. Ngati maluwa ambiri amapezeka pampandawo, chomera chimayamba kudwala. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo limodzi la masamba limachotsedwa, ndikusiya maluwa 2-3 pa mphukira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, camellia sichikhudzidwa ndi matenda azomera. Nthawi zina imatha kugwidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, ma mebubu, nseru. Pofuna kuthana ndi majeremusi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kulima dimba
Kumwera kwa Russia, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda komanso Caucasus, camellia imakula m'mundamo. Zitsamba zokhala ndi korona wandiweyani kapena mitengo yotsika, momwe maluwa owala amatulutsa pakati masamba obiriwira obiriwira, amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri. Mitundu ya haibridi yomwe yatuluka m'zaka zaposachedwa imalola kuti mbewuyo ibzalidwe pamalo otseguka m'madera omwe nthawi yozizira kutentha sikutsika pansi -20 ° C. Komanso, mbewu zam'munda ndizosintha mwachilengedwe.
Camellia amabzala m'malo ochepa, m'malo otetezedwa. Mutha kuwubzala pansi pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi korona wowoneka bwino komanso nthangala yayitali, komanso pafupi ndi khoma kapena khoma la nyumba. Adzapanga chitetezo kuchokera ku dzuwa ladzuwa. Simungasankhe malo mumthunzi wakuda, chifukwa sikudzakhala maluwa konse.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde ndi yachonde. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuti musazule khosi lamizu. Amayikiridwa ndi dothi.
Camellia amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono, koma osasalala. Kutsirira kumapitilizabe nthawi yozizira pa kutentha kwabwino.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-Julayi, zakudya zowonjezera mchere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwezi, zopangidwira camellia (mlingo wonse) kapena Rhododendron (theka la mlingo).
Mu nthawi yophukira, dothi pafupi ndi thunthu limalungika ndi masamba agwa ndi makungwa ophwanyika, kenako nkuphimbidwa ndi nthambi za spruce. Ngati chisanu sichichitika kawirikawiri nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti malo owonjezera sofunikira. M'madera ambiri akumpoto, pansi pa thunthupo amaphimbidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Usiku, chisoti chokhala ndi maluwa chimaphimbidwanso ndi lutrasil.
