Dogwood ndi chomera chobwera kuchokera ku banja la a Koneli. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Kum'mawa ndi Kumwera kwa Europe, Caucasus, Japan, China ndi Asia Minor. Mawu oti "dogwood" amachokera ku chilankhulo cha Turkic ndikumasulira kuti "ofiira". Uwo ndiye mtundu wa zipatso zokoma komanso zochiritsa. Pali nthano zingapo za nkhuni. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, Mulungu adapereka chomera kwa zolengedwa zonse ndipo mozimitsa amapeza nkhuni. Komabe, zipatso za mtengowo zinali zosapsa komanso zowawa kotero kuti wamusayo adataya mtengowo, namalavulira. Posakhalitsa zipatsozi zinadetsedwa ndipo anthu anasangalala ndi kukoma kwawo. Pachikhalidwe, mbewuyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Amadziwika ku Roma wakale.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Dogwood ndi mbewu yosatha yomwe imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zana. Ndi shrub yabwino kapena mtengo wotalika mpaka 9 m. Nthawi zina, masamba obiriwira obiriwira amapezeka mtundu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tam'mimba tambiri timapezeka kwambiri kumtunda. Zoyambira zosalala zakutidwa ndi makungwa ofiira. Achichepere, amasenda pansi mosavuta, ndipo akakumana ndi dothi amazika mizu.
Masamba okhala ndi masamba ofupikirapo amakula mosiyana, nthawi zina mosiyana. Ali ndi mbale yolowera kapena yopanda mafupa okhala ndi mitsempha yofanana. Masamba ndi obiriwira kapena obiriwira amdima. Mmbali ndi yolimba, m'mphepete mwachindunji.
Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Marichi, masamba asanatuluke, maluwa achikasu kapena oyera mbuu. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'makola amtali pafupifupi masentimita 5, omwe amakhala milungu iwiri. Corolla imakhala ndi mafoni anayi aulere komanso chaching'ono koma chachikulu. Dogwood imadziwika ngati chomera chabwino cha uchi, koma nthawi yamaluwa, kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku sikamaposa + 12 ° C. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kufalitsa tizilombo tizovuta. Kuti mungu uwonongeke ndi mphepo yokwanira, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu zingapo pafupi ndi nthawi imodzi yoyandikira pafupi.
Zipatso zimacha kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nyengo yonse yachilimwe, amapachika nthambi m'magulu obiriwira ndipo kuchokera kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, kapena ngakhale kumapeto kwa Okutobala, zimakhala zofiira kwambiri kapena maroon. Mtundu wina wa nkhuni, zipatso zimapaka utoto wamtambo kapena zoyera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kapena owoneka ngati cylindrical, koma amakhala ozungulira kapena oboola. Kukoma kwa kwakukulu (mpaka 3 masentimita kutalika) drupe wowawasa-wokoma, tart. Pansi pa khungu loonda komanso zamkati ndiye fupa lalikulu lokhalo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamitundu yamatabwa
Mitundu ya nkhuni imagawidwa m'mitundu inayi ndipo imagwirizanitsa mitundu yoposa 50.
Dogwood wamba (wamwamuna). Mtengo wokakamira wosadukiza komanso wosanjikiza wokwanira mpaka 5-6 m kutalika kapena shrub mpaka 4 m kutalika. Tizilombo touluka tating'ono timakhala pakuya masentimita 40. Nthambi zokhotakhota zotambalala zokhala ndi makungwa osalala otuwa zimakutidwa ndi masamba owumbanira amtundu wowoneka bwino. Masamba kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3.5-8. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu pamata amtundu wa masamba 25 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Mafuta opaka zipatso-oyamwa kwambiri atakutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Nana - chitsamba chaching'ono chokhala ndi korona woyambira;
- Aurea - mbewu zimakutidwa ndi masamba achikasu a monophonic;
- Lukyanovsky - mtengo uliwonse wapakatikati wokhala ndi korona wozungulira mpaka 10-25 kg wa zipatso zazikulu za burgundy.
Dogwood ndi yoyera. Khungwa lophukira mpaka 3 m kutalika limadziwika ndi nthambi zosinthika ndi khungwa lofiira losalala. Masamba ofunda owongoka am'mbali ndi utoto wowala wobiriwira m'litali ndi masentimita 2 mpaka 5. Masentimita obiriwira amitundu yokhala ndi mainchesi ofunda pafupifupi 1 masentimita amapangidwa kumapeto kwa nthambi.
Dogwood waku Canada. Shrub yokhala ndi mphukira zokwawa kutalika sikupita masentimita 20. Masamba akulu owoneka bwino amakula mosiyanasiyana ndipo amafanana ndi masamba a plantain. Maluwa obiriwira amakonzedwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mu nthawi yophukira, zipatso zofiira za cylindrical zimacha.
Njira zolerera
Woodwood wamitengo yamagamba imangopangika mwa njira za masamba:
- Kudula. Green mphukira yachilimwe kudula tchire kuposa zaka 6 bwino mizu. Nthambi za masamba a 10-15 masentimita ndi masamba awiri amtundu uyenera kukololedwa. Gawo lam'munsi limachitidwa mozungulira 1.5 cm pansi pa mawonekedwe. Masamba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi odulidwa amachotsedwa. Zodulidwazo zimathandizidwa ndi chopukusira kukula ("Heteroauxin") ndipo zibzalidwe m'munda pamalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa ndi mphepo. Dothi lapansi limakonkhedwa ndi mchenga wa mitsinje, kenako chimango chaching'ono chimayikidwa ndipo mbande zimakutidwa ndi filimu. Nyengo yonse yovunda iyenera kukhala yonyowa mokwanira. Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino ndi + 25 ° C. M'masiku otentha, nyumba yobiriwira imathandizidwa. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, zodulidwa zimazika mizu ndipo pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kukula popanda pogona. Kusamutsidwa kupita kumalo kwamuyaya kumakonzekera kugwa kotsatira.
- Katemera (budding). Mphukira zamtundu wamtambo zimalumikizidwa pamtondo wamtchire kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena Seputembara. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mawonekedwe oyambitsidwa ndi akuya kwa masentimita 3. Gawo la mphukira ndi impso, khungwa ndi tsamba limayikidwa. Bandeji yovala pamwamba imayikidwa. Pakatha masiku 15-20, katemerayu adzazika mizu, ndipo kambuku amatha kuchotsedwa.
- Magawo a mizu. Potsika pang'ono pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, chomwe chimapinda mosavuta, chitha kuzika mizu. Yambirani pakati pa kasupe, pambuyo pa thaw. Kukumba pansi ndi feteleza ndikumata zikumera. Tsinani pamwamba, koma asiye. M'masabata ochepa, mphukira zatsopano zidzawoneka. Kutalika kwake kupitirira 10 masentimita, mphukira zimagona pakati ndi nthaka yatsopano. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, njirayi imabwerezedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, kuyala kumalekanitsidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndikuziika kumalo okhazikika.
- Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kusankha zipatso zakupsa popanda zolakwika, zimasuleni ku zamkati ndi zowuma. Kwa chaka chathunthu, mafupawo amayikidwa mu utuchi kapena nyemba ndipo amasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Kuyambika kotere ndikofunikira kuti mbande zizioneka mchaka choyamba. Kenako njere zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi dothi lamchenga mpaka akuya masentimita 3. M'chaka choyamba, mphukira yaying'ono yokha imawoneka (kutalika kwa 4 cm), pofika m'dzinja lachiwiri imafika mpaka 10-15. Kubzala mbande kumachitika zaka 7 mpaka 10 za moyo.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Woodwood ndi wonyentchera makulidwe ndi dothi, koma ndi bwino ngati nthaka ndi yachonde, osalowerera kapena pang'ono zamchere. Pomwe malo mbewu imasankhidwa bwino padzuwa. Kutalika kwa chisoti chachifumu, makamaka tchire, kumafika mpaka 3-4 m, kotero mtunda umatha kupirira pafupifupi ma 5-6 mamita. Zomera 1-2 zaka ndi 1.2 m kutalika zimabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Kumbani dzenje losachepera 70 cm mu masiku 7-10. Dothi la michere ya michere ndi organic imatsanulidwa pansi (ammonium nitrate, mullein, kompositi, superphosphate, phulusa lamatabwa. Mutabzala, dziko lapansi limazunguliridwa ndikuthira pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse 2,5-3 ndowa yamadzi. Kuti alipire ndalama zowonongeka za rhizome, mphukira zimadulidwa ndi 30%.
Kusamalira nkhuni tsiku ndi tsiku ndikosavuta. Iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, koma osasunthika. Bwalo lozungulira limasulidwa ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa achinyamata mbewu. M'pofunika mulching padziko lapansi ndi udzu wosweka kapena udzu.
Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira korona. Ndikokwanira kupewetsa malo akuthwa ndikumachotsa nthambi zowuma kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zomera za zaka 10 mpaka 10 zimapangidwanso, kudula pafupifupi mphukira zonse zakale.
Kawiri pachaka, nkhuni za agalu zimadyetsedwa. M'mwezi wa June, yankho la mbalame zowola kapena ndowe zimayambitsidwa, ndipo kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, phulusa ndi superphosphate zimabalalika panthaka.
Kunja kumakhala kotentha, mitengo yamaluwa imakhala yotentha popanda malo okhala. Imatha kupirira nyengo yozizira mpaka -30 ° C. Asanazizire kwambiri, nthaka imagundidwa ndi dothi la peat, kenako ndikuphimbidwa ndi masamba okugwa. Zomera zobzalidwa chaka chino ndizokulunganso ndi lutrasil kapena burlap.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni m'malo osankhika idalandira chitetezo chokwanira, chifukwa chake, matenda am'mera samasokoneza masitelo. Nthawi zina pamasamba mutha kupeza zodetsa za ufa wa nyemba kapena dzimbiri, komwe chithandizo chogwiritsa ntchito fungosis chingakuthandizeni. Mwa majeremusi, nthawi zina amangowoneka mbozi wa multiflorum kapena cochlea. Kuchokera kwa iwo kudzathandizira kuyesa matope ndi mandimu ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zitsamba za ku Paris.
Zothandiza pa nkhuni
Pafupifupi zonse ndizothandiza ku chimanga. Mankhwala achikhalidwe, masamba, maluwa, makungwa okhala ndi nthambi zazing'ono, muzu, ndipo, zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zosafunikira zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zotsatirazi:
- chakudya;
- shuga
- ulusi wazakudya;
- organic zidulo;
- mavitamini;
- mchere;
- njira;
- flavonoids;
- katekisima.
Mankhwalawa ali ndi immunomodulatory, firming, stimulating, diuretic, bactericidal zochita. A decoction wa inflorescences ndi masamba amatengedwa chifukwa cha malungo, chimfine, typhoid, chifuwa chachikulu. Mafuta osakanizika ndi uchi amapaka pakhungu pofuna kuchiritsa zilonda ndi kutupa.
Zipatso za Dogwood zouma ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zakudya, zakudya, kupanikizana, komanso kudya zosaphika. Amathandizira kukonza zam'mimba, kumalimbikitsa chilakolako chofuna kudya, kuchepetsa matenda othamanga magazi ndi kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zabwino pakuzungulira kwa magazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi zimadziwonetsera pakulimbitsa makoma a mitsempha. Ngati zipatso zingapo zili ndi miyala tsiku ndi tsiku, zidzasungunuka m'mimba. Mchitidwewu umathandiza kulimbana ndi mitsempha ya varicose ndi zotupa m'mimba.
Contraindication chithandizo ndi dogwood ndi chizolowezi cha chifuwa ndi munthu tsankho kwa chinthu, kudzimbidwa, kuchuluka acidity m'mimba, mantha chisangalalo.
