Clove ndi herbaceous osatha ochokera ku banja la Carnation. Zomera zimadziwika kwa ambiri. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri duwa limalumikizidwa ndi Revolution ya Ogasiti, koma ngakhale masiku ano, tchire lokongola pamaluwa ndi nthambi zamaluwa ndizodziwika kwambiri. Dzinalo la sayansi la ma cloves - dianthus - kuchokera ku chilankhulo chachi Greek lamasulira kuti "duwa la Zeus" kapena "duwa la milungu." Malo amenewa amakhala ku Mediterranean, North America, Africa ndi Asia. Mu chilengedwe, zatsopano zowonongeka zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri, zomwe zambiri zimayambitsa chikhalidwe. Zovala zokongoletsera ndizoyenera ngakhale kuti zikukula panyumba, chinthu chachikulu ndikuwasankha malo oyenera ndikutsatira malamulo osamalidwa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Clove ndimaluwa osatha maluwa, pomwe nyengo yotentha imakonda kukhala chaka chilichonse. Mpingowo umakhala ndi ndodo yokhala ndi nthambi zazifupi zodutsa; umalowa m'nthaka kokha masentimita 20. Nthambi zimafooka pang'ono ndipo makamaka kumtunda. Amakula kutalika ndi 15-75 masentimita ndipo amakonzedwa molunjika kapena kugona. Mu masamba osatha, tsinde la tsinde limapindika pang'onopang'ono ndipo mitundu yayikulu ya shrub.
Pa kutalika konse kwa mphukira mu mawonekedwe, makulidwe amawonedwa. Makatani amtundu wa lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe owunikira azikhala pamphepete. Ali osiyana, awiriawiri. Mphepete mwa masamba ake ndi athupi kapena otumphuka, ndipo kumapeto kumaloledwa. Pamwamba pake pali yosalala, yolimba, yokhala ndi imvi kapena siliva.
Chakumapeto kwa masika, maluwa akulu amodzi (mpaka 5 cm mulifupi) maluwa amayamba kuwoneka pamwamba pa mphukira. Mu mitundu yokongoletsera, imatha kuikidwa m'magulu mu maambulera ovuta kapena zishango. Pansi pa duwa kapu yacylindrical yokhala ndi manda osalala amawoneka. Pamwamba pake, maluwa okhala ndi miyala isanu yokwanira kutulutsa. Pamwamba pa pamakhala losalala kapena loumbika, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mulinso magawo osiyanasiyana osiyanapo. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino. Pakati pake pali ma stamens 10, omwe amatuluka pang'ono kuchokera ku calyx, ndi mizati iwiri ya ovary.
Kupangika kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Zitatha izi, bokosi la mbewu limacha, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono zokhala ndi thovu lakuda. Pambuyo pakusasitsa, bokosilo limatseguka pamapiko anayi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma cloves
Mitundu imalumikiza mitundu yoposa 300 yazomera.
Kondani udzu. Wokhala kumadzulo kwa Europe ndi Siberia ndi mphukira wamatchu 20-30 masentimita. Zimayambira zimagawidwa pang'onopang'ono (masamba) komanso zazitali (zojambula maluwa). Masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino osazungulira 3 mm. Maluwa amapezeka pamwamba pa mphukira pazinthu 1-3. Amakhala ndi phula wofiirira wamiyala yofiirira komanso ma carmine-red obovate. Mphepete mwa pamakhala ndizosiyidwa ndikugwada mwamphamvu. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Okutobala.
Zachitetezo ku Turkey. Chomera chosavomerezeka chakum'mwera kwa Europe. Chimakhala zaka 2 zokha ndipo chimakula ndi 35-75 cm kutalika. Masamba obiriwira kapena obiriwira obiriwira 4-10 cm kutalika kwa 1-2 cm.Maluwa osavuta okhala ndi masentimita 2-3 ndi pinki, oyera, ofiirira, amtundu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi m'mbali. Mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera, maluwa amatengedwa m'magulu olimba okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 12 cm.
Carnation ndi munda. Munthu wokhala ku Mediterranean amakonda malo otentha ndi malo achinyontho. Chomera chobiriwira chimatha kutalika masentimita 80. Ili ndi masamba osavuta amtundu wa imvi wobiriwira mpaka mpaka 15 cm. Maluwa amodzi omwe ali ndi theka-corollas amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu mu maambulera inflorescence. Danga la corolla ndi masentimita 3-5.
Carnation Shabo. Kusintha kwamaluwa kwamaluwa kumapangira chitsamba chowoneka bwino chobiriwira mpaka 60 cm. Masamba otambalala osapitirira 1-2 cm kutalika. Ma corollas akuluakulu a semi-iwiri komanso apawiri okhala ndi mulifupi mwake pafupifupi masentimita 4-7. Mtundu wa ma petalswo umasiyana kwambiri: kirimu, red, pinki, chikasu, oyera. Mphepete mwa miyala ya pamakhalayo imadulidwa pafupifupi theka.
Zachitetezo zachitchaina. Bushy osatha 15-50 masentimita kutalika kumakutidwa ndi masamba a lanceolate kutalika kumapeto. Maluwa kapena maluwa awiri padera amatulutsa kumayambiriro kwa Julayi ndikugwira mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mthunzi waukulu wa pamakhala singakhale osiyana: burgundy, pinki, oyera. Pamwamba pamakhala mikwingwirima kapena mikwingwirima ya utoto wa maroon. Mitundu yotchuka ya ma cloves aku China achikhalidwe:
- Daimondi - chomera chanthete, chofewa chimatha ndi maluwa awiri ofiira;
- Chisoni - chitsamba chapakatikati chokhala ndi masamba oyera;
- Vesuvius ndi chomera chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi ma pomponi akuluakulu a lalanje.
Clove Cirrus. Mtengo wa herbaceous osatha 30-40 masentimita umakhala ndi phesi lolunjika, pafupifupi losapindika. Masamba, ali ndi masamba osalala. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu kwambiri. Pamwambamwamba, amatenga zidutswa za 2-4 m ambulera yotayirira. Mafuta oyera kapena oyera a pinki amadulidwa m'mphepete mpaka theka.
Zachilengedwe. Chomera chochokera ku Central Europe ndi Asia ndiwodziwika chifukwa cha kutalika kwake pang'ono komanso phokoso lalitali. Mitengo yopyapyala ndiyophuka kwambiri. Pamwamba mu Juni-Ogasiti, maluwa ang'onoang'ono amodzi akudzitukumula ndi pinki serated petals. Dawo lamkati mwa corolla ndi masentimita 1-2, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo, pilo yolimba kapena mawonekedwe.
Carnation Alpine. Wokhalanso m'mphepete mwa mapiri ku Italy, Slovenia ndi Austria amakula bwino pamadothi osasamala. Kutalika kwa malo ogona, mphukira zopyapyala ndi masentimita 20-25. Mphukira zobiriwira zonyezimira zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira okhala ndi mapira wamba.
Njira zolerera
Pachikhalidwe, ma cloves amakulira ngati zopatsa ndalama kapena zosatha. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kukalamba mwachangu komanso kutayika kwa zokongoletsa. Itha kufalikira munjira zotsatirazi:
- Kubzala mbewu panthaka. Njira ndi yoyenera mitundu yosatha. Masamba nthawi zambiri amapanga mchaka choyamba, ndipo maluwa akutulutsa nyengo yotsatirayi. Ntchito imayamba mu Meyi, pomwe kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumayenera kukhala pamwamba pa + 15 ° C. Amakumba dothi pasadakhale ndikupanga feteleza. Mbewu zimagawidwa m'mizere ndi mtunda wa 10 cm ndikuyika m'manda 1 cm.
- Kukula mbande. M'mwezi wa Marichi, akasinja osakanikirana ndi mchenga, matanthwe ndi peat amakonzedwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito, nthaka imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimagawidwa wogawana mpaka akuya 5-10 mm. Pamwamba panthaka adathira pamfuti ndikuwaphimba ndi filimu. Malo obiriwira amasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 18 ° C. Pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, mbande zimatuluka. Kuyambira pano, pogona pamachotsedwa ndipo kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka + 12 ° C. Zomera zimafuna kuwala kowala, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito phytolamp. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba enieni zimabisidwa pamaseti kapena m'miphika za peat ndizosakaniza dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga.
- Magawo a mizu. Tsamba lamasamba pafupi ndi malo amawonongeka ndipo malowa adakhazikika munthaka ndi nsapato yopanda tsitsi. Zigawo ziyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Pamalo olumikizana ndi nthaka, mizu imapangidwa koyamba, kenako mphukira zatsopano zimakula. Pambuyo pake, chomera chimatha kudzipatula.
- Kudula. Mu nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, timadontho tating'ono ta kutalika kwa 10cm timadulidwa. Ndi bwino ngati gawo la tsinde lakale limatsalira. Ma mbale amasamba amadulidwa pakati. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi yankho lofooka la manganese. Sprigs amabzala mumphika ndi dothi lotayirira. Amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ndikusambitsidwa sabata limodzi. Kenako mbande zimayatsidwa ndi kuwala kowala. Kusinthaku kumatenga mpaka mwezi umodzi.
- Gawani chitsamba. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa mitundu yokhala ndi tsinde komanso zokwawa. Chapakatikati, mankhwalawa amakumbidwa ndikugawikana magawo, omwe nthawi yomweyo amabzalidwa m'mayenje okhala ndi dothi labwino ndi manyowa. Delenki muzu kwa masiku 7-10.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Ng'ombe zimafunikira malo owala bwino, otetezedwa. Kubala kumachitika pokhazikika pamtunda wokhazikika popanda kuzizira mwadzidzidzi usiku. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde ndi yachonde, popanda chinyezi chambiri. Kwambiri acidity pang'ono zamchere. Asanabzala, nthaka imakumbidwa ndi kompositi, ufa wa fupa kapena laimu. Kenako mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi ochuluka.
Kuthirira mopitilira kumachitika mokhazikika komanso m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Mizu yakeyake ngakhale mvula yochepa ndiyokwanira kudzidyetsa, koma pachilala, amavutika kwambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuti madzi asalowe masamba.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa kangapo pa nyengo. Kumayambiriro kasupe, dothi limaphatikizidwa ndi ammonium nitrate kapena potaziyamu sulfate. Panthawi yophukira, mbewuzo zimaphatikizidwa ndi manyowa kapena zowola, ndipo nthawi yophukira dothi limayatsidwa ndi kompositi. Chovala cha pachaka ndizokwanira theka la feteleza.
Kuti tipeze tchire lalikulu, sinikizani mphukira pamwamba pamitu itatu. Komanso maluwa osokonekera amachotsedwa. Mukufunikabe kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole. Mukamakulitsa zovala zamaluwa, mbali zophukira ndi mbali ya masamba zimachotsedwa kuti zina zikhale zazikulu komanso zamphamvu. Zomera zazitali zimamangidwa kuti chitsamba sichigona pansi mvula yamphamvu komanso mphepo yamphamvu. Mukugwa, maluwa atamalizidwa, mphukira yonseyo imadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. chisanu sichomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka konse, koma kusefukira kwam nthaka m'nthaka, chifukwa kuyambira kugwa kumakutidwa ndi filimu ndi lapnik.
Mwa matenda, chiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chimayimiriridwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (fusarium wilting, phyalophorosis, rhizoctonia). Ndizotheka kupulumutsa mbewu pokhapokha poyambira matendawa. Mphukira zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo masamba onse azichitira ndi Fundazol, Topsin, kapena Bordeaux Fluid.
Tizilombo ta ma cloves ndi scoop, thrips ndi ndulu ndulu. Ndikosatheka kupulumutsa chitsamba chomaliza. Matendawa amakhazikika pamizu. Ndikofunikira kukumba ndi kuwotcha mbewu yonse, komanso kuthira dothi kangapo ndi madzi otentha komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kusamalira Carnation
Ngakhale mutavala maluwa pang'ono pawindo la nyumba, mutha kumalima chitsamba chamaluwa. Mitundu ya Chitchaina, Turkey kapena haibridi ndioyenera izi. Onsewa ali ndi mitundu yazifupi komanso maluwa okongola kwambiri.
Pakubzala, gwiritsani ntchito mphika wawung'ono wokhala ndi mabowo amadzala. Dongo lakukula kapena tchipisi tamatumba timathiridwa pansi. Monga dothi logwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga wamtsinje, tsamba ndi nthaka ya sod. Musanadzalemo mu nthaka ndinakanda ndi madzi otentha. Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungakhazikitsire khosi mizu.
Miphika ya ma clove imayikidwa mu-anayatsa bwino, koma yotetezedwa ndi dzuwa masana. M'masiku otentha, muyenera kuyatsa chipindacho pafupipafupi kapena kuyika maluwa mu mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kwamphamvu ndikosavomerezeka kwa mbewu, kudzakhala bwino pa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, zovala zimasinthidwa kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 5 ... + 6 ° C.
Ng'ombe zimathiriridwa madzi kawiri pa tsiku ndi madzi oyeretsedwa, osalala. Pa maluwa, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri.
Kawiri pamwezi, yankho la mavitamini apamwamba amkati ndi mchere wambiri wa potaziyamu umayikidwa panthaka. Mukugwa, feteleza amasiya.
