Kodi mungasamalire bwanji malo a begonia kuti akule bwino komanso athanzi? Malangizo amalima a maluwa

Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiliro zambiri, begonia si maluwa ofiira okha, omwe masika amabzalidwa m'mabedi a maluwa m'mapaki kapena wamaluwa amalima minda yawo. Pakadali pano, mitundu yoposa 2,000 ya begonias yakhazikitsidwa, zambiri zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kunja, koma kulima kunyumba. Malo a begonia amakhala odziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa ambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwa maluwa ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a tsamba. M'nkhani ino tidzakulangizani momwe mungasamalire za begonia kuti mukule mkati, ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omwe angayambitse maluwa ndi momwe angapangire bwino mbewuyi.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Mu floriculture, pali zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri za begonias.:

• kukongoletsa maluwa;
• chokongoletsera;

Malingana ndi mayina, titha kunena kuti oyambirira amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yowala, ndi yachiwiri - masamba awo odabwitsa, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa ndi mtundu.

Maluwa a begonia amawoneka mofanana ndi maluwa kapena camellias a mitundu yosiyanasiyana.. Ndibwino kuti, pakhomo, chomeracho chitha kusungunuka popanda kusokonezeka kuyambira kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn (chifukwa chake begonia sichimasintha, komanso kuti tikwaniritse bwanji masamba okongola, werengani pano). Mitengo yokongoletsera yamaluwa imakhala yochepa kwambiri, maluwa awo amatha, osadziwika ndipo, monga lamulo, musapereke mbewu. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito begonia kuti idumphuke, izi zidzasintha bwino moyo wake ndikuwonjezera moyo wa chomera kwa zaka zingapo.

Maluwa ochepa kwambiri a begonia amayamba kupanga chinyengo kuti chomerachi n'chosakanikirana, chosowa chisamaliro chosamalitsa komanso chisamaliro chosamalitsa. Ndipotu, zonse n'zosavuta.

Ambiri ambiri a begonias akuchokera kumadera otentha (osachepera nthawi zambiri) ndipo amafunikira zinthu zoyenera:

• Kuwala kowala bwino. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo zokongoletsera ndi maluwa zimadalira kuunika kwina, mwinamwake iwo amangosiya kuphulika. Mitundu yamaluwa yokongola kwambiri imakhala kutali kwambiri kuchokera pawindo.
  Ndikofunikira! Begonia sakonda dzuwa lachindunji. Ngati chomeracho chili pawindo lakumwera, liyenera kutsekedwa ndi dzuwa m'nyengo yachilimwe.
• Kutentha kotentha + 18-22 madigiri. Begonia silingalole kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Pa digrii15 digiri ya hypothermia ndi yapamwamba, ngati kutentha kumawoneka pamwamba +25, maluwawo amatha kutentha.
• Madzi okwanira ambiri. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, ndi bwino kuthirira madzi begonia kawiri pa sabata, panthawi yopuma, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa kukhala kofunikira kuti dziko lisamangidwe. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala kutentha, kutentha, mopanda ungwiro.
• Kutentha kwakukulu (osati m'munsi mwa 60%). Kutentha kwa mlengalenga kwa begonias ndi kofunikira kwambiri kuposa chinyezi cha nthaka; ngati chinyezi sichikwanira, mbewuyo idzauma posachedwa. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito wotsegula.

Begonias sali woyenera kuti azitha kupopera, chinyezi pa masamba ndi zimayambira zingachititse kuti zivunda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, monga powdery mildew. Pomwe palibe wokonzeratu, malo abwino a zomera akhoza kupangidwa poika mphika pa dothi lonyowa.

Njira zoberekera

Kubereketsa kwa begonia kumapezeka makamaka vegetatively., monga mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri yosapereka mbewu. Pazinthu izi, gwiritsani ntchito:

• timadula;
• masamba;
• Kusiyana kwa chitsamba.

Mtundu uliwonse wa begonias uli ndi makhalidwe ake ozala, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake. Ngati masamba ndi timadontho ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga, timatha kumera m'madzi komanso nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka, ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka April - musanayambe maluwa maluwa okongoletsera komanso musanayambe kukonzekera.

Momwe mungabzalitsire chomera pogawanitsa chitsamba kapena tuber chimadalira mwachindunji momwe zimakhalira, chomera Kuswana kwabwino kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yeniyeni ya begonia.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema pa kuswana kwa begonias pogawanitsa chitsamba:

Kodi mungakonze bwanji kulima maluwa?

Kwa begonias, ndikofunika kuti mudziwe malo pomwepo, chomera ichi sichimalola kusintha kosakhalitsa ndi mikhalidwe. Mawindo a Kum'maŵa ndi kum'mwera chakum'maŵa akuyenera kwambiri, chifukwa ndikuti kuwala kwake kukuyenderana kwambiri ndi zofunikira.

Ndiponso Musaiwale za kudyetsa, izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa zokongoletsa, monga maluwa amatenga mphamvu zambiri ku zomera. Nthaŵi yomweyo begonia imakula, feteleza ikhoza kuyambitsidwa (potaziyamu ndi phosphorous ndizofunikira kuti mitundu ya begonia ifike). Monga lamulo, supplementation ikuchitika 2-3 nthawi pamwezi, koma ndondomeko yowonjezera iyenera kuyesedwa mu malangizo a kukonzekera kokha. Begonia ayenera kudyetsedwa mpaka mapeto a maluwa.

Kwa zokongoletsera ndi zowonongeka mitundu zogwirizana ndi mchere feteleza ndi nayitrogeni. Muyenera kuzipanga kuchokera kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu mpaka m'mawa, pamene chomera chikuyamba kukula.

Kodi ndi liti ndipo mungasinthe bwanji?

Kubwezeretsa mbewu kumangotenga mtengo sikoyenera, kudzakhala kuwonjezereka kwina ndikupangitsa kuti mbeuyo ikhale yofooka. Pamene mphika wapachiyambi umakhala wa petoni begonias, ndipo mizu imayamba kuyang'ana m'mabowo otentha ndi pamwamba, ndi nthawi yosintha kuti ikhale yaikulu.

Thandizo! Nthaŵi yabwino yosamukira begonias ndi masika. Pakati pa maluwa, kubzala mmera sikunakonzedwe.

Chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera pamene mukukonzekera kukweza ndikupanga nthaka. Begonias amakonda nthaka yochepa, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba, peat ndi nthaka yakuda, zomwe zimagulidwa zingagulidwe mwakonzedwe m'sitolo, ndipo mukhoza kuziphika nokha.

Kukonzekera kwazako:

1. Konzani mphika watsopano. Ndibwino kuti musankhe chophika 5-8 masentimita kuposa chija cham'mbuyo, ndilo liwu lowonjezera lomwe lidzalola kuti mbeuyo ikhale bwino kwambiri pa zaka 2 zotsatira zisanachitike.
   Musanadzalemo, mphika ukhoza kuchitidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena lopaka madzi otentha (njira iyi siingakhale yabwino kwa mapepala apulasitiki). Kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyesoyi kuonetsetsa kuti palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tithandizire kuteteza mizu ya zomera ku matenda.
2. Pansi pa mphikawo anatsanulira madzi osanjikiza, monga dongo lowonjezera. Pofuna kuteteza mizu ku chinyezi chochulukirapo, mafuta ang'onoang'ono amatha kuwonjezeredwa pamwamba pa madzi osanjikiza.
3. Kukhetsa kuchokera pamwamba pamwamba pa nthaka (2-3 masentimita, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mphika).
4. Begonia imachotsedwa ku mphika wakale, nthaka yochulukira imachotsedweratu kuti iwononge mizu.
5. Chomeracho chimayikidwa pakati pa mphika ndikuwaza dziko lapansi kumbali zonse. Kuwononga nthaka yatsopano sikofunika, begonias amafunika kupeza mpweya ku mizu.
6. Pambuyo pa kusakanikirana, kwa nthawi yayitali begonia imathiriridwa mochuluka kwambiri kuti nthaka isame, ngati ndi kotheka, pamwamba ndidzaza ndi nthaka.

Ngakhale ndi madzi okwanira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sakuphwanya poto, chifukwa izi zingachititse kuvunda kwa mizu.

Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere vidiyoyi pazomwe zimayambira ku begonias:

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Pali mavuto ambiri omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri ku begonias, ndipo pamene mukukumana nawo, m'pofunikira kuti mutengepo nthawi yake kuti muteteze chomeracho.

• Imodzi mwa mavutowa ndi powdery mildew, yomwe imawonetsedwa powonekera mawanga oyera ndi mikwingwirima m'munsi mwa masamba ndi mphukira. Matendawa amapezeka pakakhala chinyezi, komanso pamene madzi amafika pa masamba a begonia. Madera okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo kuthirira ndi kutayika kwa mlengalenga kuyenera kuchepetsedwa, izi zidzathandiza kupewa kupezeka kwa matendawa.
• Komanso kumwa madzi okwanira kungabweretse matenda ku mizu ya imvi ndi yakuda. Pa zifukwa zomveka, sizingatheke kuti nthawi yomweyo dziwani matendawa, koma ngati masamba akuda, afota ndi kugwa - ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizirika kuti chinachake chalakwika ndi mizu.
• Ngati zowola zakuda kapena zakuda zipezeka, m'pofunika kuchotsa chomeracho mu mphika ndikuchepetsera mizu kwa maola awiri pothetsa potassium permanganate, kenako kuchotsani malo onse owonongeka ndikupangira begonia mu nthaka yatsopano.
• Pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, begonia imakumana nthawi zambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, ndi whitefly, ndipo kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo ambiri kumapulumutsa onsewo.
• Kuda chikasu ndi kuyanika kapena kupukuta masamba kungasonyeze hypothermia, kutaya madzi okwanira kapena madzi osayenera. Pazifukwa zonsezi, kulengedwa kwa zinthu zabwino kumabweretsa chomera msanga.

Kuphatikiza pa mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa, begonias ukhozanso kuyambitsa mavuto monga kupotoza masamba ndi masamba akugwa ndi masamba.

Zonse ziwiri zokongola ndi zokongoletsera begonias akhoza kukhala chodabwitsa kuwonjezera pa munda wamaluwa a nyumba. Kukula ndi kuchulukitsa ndizosadabwitsa, ndipo amatha kukondweretsa mwiniwake pafupifupi chaka chonse.