Eustoma ndi maluwa ofooka pamtali wamtali, wochepera kuchokera ku banja la Amitundu. Onse ku America, Africa ndi zilumba za ku Caribbean ndi kwawo. Maluwa okongola amatha kupezekanso masiku ano m'maluwa ndi nyimbo zamaluwa, komabe, akatswiri a maluwa amakono samadziwa zambiri za kukula ndipo sizinsinsi zonse zowululidwa. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mpaka 90s ya zaka zapitazi, palibe maluwa omwe adapezeka pachikhalidwe. Eustoma ikhoza kupezeka pansi pa mayina ena: lisianthus, "tulip gentian", "Texas belu", "Japan rose", "Irish rose." Maluwa okongola amasangalatsa nthawi yoyamba kuwona, ndipo mu wowonjezera kutentha amatha kusungidwa chaka chonse.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Eustoma ndi masamba obiriwira kapena osatha omwe amabzalidwa m'minda yotentha monga pachaka. Duwa limakhala ndi nthambi, koma nthangala yopyapyala komanso yolimba yopanda ma tubers ndi mababu. Ofukula zimayambira nthambi makamaka kumtunda. Amakhala atali kwambiri ndipo amakula mpaka 1-1.2 m kutalika. Pamaso pa zikumera ndi zosalala, zobiriwira zakuda. M'malo osowa malo mumakhala makulidwe.
Masamba opendekera mwachidule, masamba owoneka bwino amakula motsutsana. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid okhala ndi maziko opanikizika komanso malekezero. Malo oyambira ali olimba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi achikopa. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda ndi wokutira wa buluu.
Gawo lam'mwamba la tsinde limawombera nthawi zambiri ndipo limapanga mantha a inflorescence. Duwa lililonse lili ndi mzere wautali wokwanira. Mwathunthu, mpaka masamba 35 amatha kukhala pachomera nthawi imodzi, yomwe imatseguka, zidutswa zochepa chabe. Ma corollas ooneka ngati mabelu okhala ndi ma petals aulere amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kapena a terry. Dongosolo lawo limafikira masentimita 5-8. Mitundu yofewa yam'mphepete mwa wavy yopakidwa utoto, utoto, buluu, pinki, mithunzi ya lilac. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi mafelemu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosalala. Ngakhale kuchokera patali kwambiri eustoma imawoneka ngati duwa la maluwa, ili pafupi ndi teremu. Gawo lapakati pa duwa limakhala ndi sisitimu wautali ndi ma anthers akuluakulu ndi mzere wa ovary wogawika magawo atatu.
Pambuyo kupukutira, okwera mbewu yolimba. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofukula zimabisidwa pansi pa masamba owuma. Ali ndi mawonekedwe owondera.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mitundu ya eustoma imangophatikiza mitundu itatu yayikulu. Mwa izi, eustoma yamaluwa akulu ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Mtengowo ndi woyenera kulimidwa m'mundamo, panyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha podula. Chowoneka bwino ndi chophukira kumtunda kwa tsindewo chimakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 150. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira kapena masamba owundikira amapezeka kutalika kwake konse. Pamwambapa muli ndi wandiweyani, wofanana ndi maluwa a inflorescence. Ma coroll akuluakulu okhala ndi zofewa za wavy zimasiyana m'mitundu ndi kapangidwe kake. Mwathunthu, mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 60 yokongoletsera.
Mitundu yayikulu pamunda ndi mabala:
- Echo - kufalitsa mphukira yamasamba 70cm kutalika kwake ndi masamba akuluakulu a monophonic kapena awiri;
- Aurora - wowonda amawombera maluwa a 0.9-1.2 m kutalika, kwamtambo, maluwa abuluu, a pinki;
- Flamenco - chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 120 chimakongoletsedwa ndi masamba awiri amtundu wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 8 cm.
Mitundu yazakudya panyumba:
- Bell Wang'ono - akuwombera mpaka 15 cm wamtunda wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa yaying'ono;
- Florida Pink - maluwa apinki osavuta pamitengo yambiri;
- Kukhulupirika - mzere wozungulira wozungulira mpaka 20 cm wamtambo womwe umasungidwa ndi corollas yoyera.
Njira zolerera
Ndikosavuta kulima nokha eustoma kunyumba kwanu. Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mbewu. Mbewu zimapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa February. Kuti muchite izi, konzani dothi losakaniza dothi lamchenga, mchenga ndi peat. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito poto kapena mapiritsi a peat mwachangu, popeza kamfiti kamodzinja sikamaloleza kufalikira ndipo sikufunika kusankha. Mbewu zimagawidwa panthaka ndikumapanikizidwa pang'ono, osagona panthaka. Pambuyo kupopera mbewu ndi madzi ofewa, oyeretsedwa bwino, zotumphukirazi zimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa pansi pa kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, amafunikira maola ambiri masana, kotero simungathe popanda phytolamp. Usiku, ndibwino kusamutsa mbande kumalo ozizira (+ 14 ... + 17 ° C). Imasungidwa pachinyezi chambiri, koma chimawaulutsa tsiku lililonse. Masamba enieni amawonekera masabata 5-6 mutabzala. Kwa mtundu wabwino kwambiri wamtundu, tsinani timitu pamwamba pa mfundo zitatu. Kuyika pamalo osatha kumachitika pakatha miyezi 3-4. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi-June.
Masamba, eustoma kwenikweni samabala. Ena amati chomera chatsopano chimatha kupezeka kuchokera ku mizu, koma ndizokayikira kwambiri. Kugawika kwa chitsamba kapena nthangala ya mbewu kumalekerera bwino. Nthawi zina akamakula kunyumba, kumapeto kwa maluwa, kudulira pafupifupi nthaka yonse kumachitika. Izi zimathandizira mawonekedwe a ana (njira zoyambira). Posakhalitsa, tchire limayamba kukula komanso kukulira. Mukamayesa kudzipatula ndi kufalikira, si ana onse omwe amakhalabe ndi moyo. Pakakhala zotsatira zabwino, kusintha kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Eustoma imabzala m'miphika yaying'ono ndi chisakanizo cha dothi labwino, mchenga ndi peat. Pansi pa mphika amafalitsa dothi lochotsa zinyalala. Miphika imayikidwa bwino kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo, ndipo nthawi yozizira imasunthidwa pazenera lakumwera. Mtengowu umafunikira nthawi yayitali masana, koma kuwongolera dzuwa sikofunikira. Mukugwa, m'mene nthawi yausana imachepa, nyali zamasana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Duwa silimamera bwino m'zipinda zotentha, zotentha, motero mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse umafunikira. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 19 ... + 22 ° C. Maluwa sangayikidwe pazoyesedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimasinthidwa kuchipinda chozizira (+ 12 ... + 14 ° C).
Thirirani eustoma pafupipafupi, koma m'malo ochepa kuti madzi asasunthike pansi. Madziwo amayenera kutsukidwa bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, apo ayi mwendo wakuda umatha. Nthawi yakula komanso maluwa, zimachulukanso.
Kuzungulira chomera, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsamba zobowola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zotengera madzi ndi dongo lonyowa zimayikidwa. Sikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mphukira kuti madzi asadzikundike m'munsi mwa masamba ndi maluwa.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, eustoma imadyetsedwa ndi yankho la feteleza wama mineral. Imathiridwa mu dothi patali ndi zimayambira, kuti isayake.
Kusamalira mbewu kumaphatikizapo kudulira pafupipafupi kwa mphukira ndi ma inflorescence owonda. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musunge kukongola kwa tchire ndikuwonjezera moyo wawo. Komabe, ngakhale ndi chisamaliro choyenera, munthu samakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa zaka 4-5.
Eustoma m'munda
Potseguka, mbande za eustoma zimabzalidwe bwino koyambirira kwa chilimwe, nthawi yamaluwa. Ndi chisamaliro komanso chisamaliro, maluwa adzawoneka posachedwa mpaka nthawi yozizira. Malowa a dimba la maluwa ayenera kukhala owala, koma otetezedwa ku zojambula. Kupezeka kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono sikovomerezeka. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, popanda kusalolera kapena pang'ono asidi.
Kubzala kumachitika madzulo kapena kwamitambo. Mtunda wa masentimita 10-15 umasungidwa pakati pazomera.Mnthawi ya masabata 2-3, ma eustomas obzalidwa kumene amaphimbidwa ndi mitsuko yagalasi.
Palibe kuchulukirachulukira, dimba lamaluwa limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono, kupewa kupukuta ndi madzi mu nthaka. Kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa wokha. Nthaka pafupi ndi tchire imamasulidwa ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa.
Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika mwezi umodzi mutabzala. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la feteleza wa mchere (Plantafol, Kemira).
Maluwa amatengera nthawi yofesa mbande ndipo nthawi zambiri imachitika pakatha miyezi 3-4. Kukula kwa eustoma kumapitilira kugwa, ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri. Mphukira zimayamba kuzimiririka chisanu chikugwa kapena chisanu chikuchokera -10 ° C. Sizingatheke kuti chomera chikhale nyengo yotentha, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chomapangira malo owonjezerako nyengo yachisanu. Kuti musunge maluwa omwe mumakonda, mutha kukumba ndi mtanda waukulu wapadziko lapansi, ndikuwuthira pamphika. Mpaka masika, eustomas amasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Duwa ili ndilovunda. Imadziwika mosavuta ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso bacteria. Kupewa ndikutsatira boma la kuthirira ndi kutentha, komanso mpweya wokwanira. Koma majeremusi samavutitsa chomeracho, chifukwa nthumwi zambiri za banja la Gorechavka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kowawa, kosasangalatsa. Pokhapokha ngati nsabwe za m'masamba, zotsekemera kapena ma whiteflies zimakhazikika pa eustoma, sizovuta kuthana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Rose wa ku Ireland
Maluwa ofota a mawonekedwe osazolowereka sakhala pachabe otchedwa the Irish kapena Japan rose. Zimakopa ndi mitundu yowala ndi ma petals osalala. Mabatani pazitali zazitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa. Ngakhale akuwoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo, akhazikika pachiwonetsero kwa milungu yopitilira atatu. Ndikofunikira kuti musinthe madzi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwonjezera mapiritsi ochepa a adayilo. Kuti maluwa asamawonekere kukhala opatsa chidwi, nthawi zambiri amapanga mitundu yambiri yazomera.
Pazithunzi, eustoma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaluwa. Magiredi otsika amakhala bwino m'misika yosakanikirana, m'minda yamiyala, pamalo otetezedwa kapena khonde. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimawoneka bwino m'maboma ogulira payokha motsutsana ndi chimanga, nkhokwe kapena udzu womera. Mutha kukonza mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
