Verbena ndi mbewu yosatha kapena chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku banja la Verbena. Dziko lakwawo ndi South America, kuchokera pomwe mbewuyo idafalikira ku Europe ndi North America konse. Duwa lokonda kutentha m'dziko lathuli limalimidwa chaka chilichonse. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Verbena ikhoza kupezeka pansi pa mayina "magazi a Mercury", "udzu wachitsulo", "misozi ya Juno." Imabisidwa mumphepete momveka bwino, motero ambiri amagwirizana ndi mtengowu mwachisangalalo chapadera. Verbena amadziwika kuti amateteza nyumbayo, chuma komanso makutu ake.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Verbena ndi udzu kapena chitsamba chokhala ndi mpweya wolimba, wopindika ndipo umayambira nthambi zomwe zimatambalala kumtunda. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kukhala 0,2-1,5 mamitala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala owongoka, koma amakhalanso malo ogona.
Timapepala totsutsa timalo totsalira timamera pafupifupi kutalika konse kwa mphukira. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi m'mphepete mwa maserya kapena otayika. Mitundu ya masamba imasiyanasiyana kubiriwira kupita pamtundu wobiriwira. Mulu waufupi umawoneka pamtunda pakati pamitsempha.
Pofika mu Julayi, mantha kapena makoko am'madzi am'madzi amapangika pamtunda wa zimayambira. Iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba 30-50, omwe amatseguka. Ma corollas ang'onoting'ono asanu okhala ndi mainchesi a 15-25 mm amapentedwa ndi zoyera, zachikaso, pinki, zofiira, zamtambo ndi lilac. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi miyala ya mitundu iwiri ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana mu inflorescence imodzi. Nthawi yamaluwa pawokha ndi yayitali kwambiri. Zimapitilirabe mpaka kuzizira.
Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zipse - mtedza wokhazikika ndi maolivi kapena kuwala bulauni. Kucha, amagawanika m'magawo anayi ndikutulutsa mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zazitali zakuda.
Mitundu ya Verbena
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya verbena imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 200. Komabe, ochepa okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mitundu yosakanizira ya haibridi.
Verbena officinalis. Chitsamba chazomera chokhala ndi chizimba cholimba chomwe chimalowera pansi. Mphukira zokula zimakula 30-60 cm kutalika. Pamwamba, tchalitchi chamtanda chimayala pang'ono kupindika. Masamba achidule omwe ali ndi mbali zazing'onoting'ono pafupi ndi nthaka ali ndi nthenga, mawonekedwe osemedwa ndi mano akuluakulu, osalala m'mphepete. Pafupifupi pamwamba, tsamba lamasamba limakhala lolimba, ndipo petioles zimatha. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa m'ming'alu yaying'ono yam'madzi. Amaphukira pamwamba pa masamba akutali komanso m'mizere ya masamba. Korolla wofiirira kapena wofiirira wokhala ndi chubu cylindrical umatuluka mu kapu ya mano. Maluwa amatulutsa mu June-Julayi. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, mtedza kapena chowongoka chowongoka cha mtundu wa bulauni kapena mtundu wa bulauni chimawonekera.
Verbena Buenos Aires. Mtengo wamtundu wa herbaceous umasiyanitsidwa ndi mkulu (mpaka 120 cm), koma wowombera. Wowuma nthambi yolowera pamwamba, ndipo pansi imakutidwa ndi masamba a lanceolate okhala ndi mbali zomata. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, ma ambulera wandiweyani amatulutsa maluwa. Amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono a tubular okhala ndi mitundu 5 ya amethyst. Kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala, zipatso zimacha.
Verbena bonar. Chitamba chokhazikitsidwa ndi 100-120 cm wamtali ndicofala pokongoletsa maluwa. Mphukira zofowoka zokhala ndi masamba a emarodi otseguka masamba okhala ndi maambulera owaka omwe ali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiirira.
Verbena ndimu. Chitsamba chonunkhira chosatha chimakula mpaka 1.5-2 m kutalika. Nthambi zake za maolivi ofiira zofiirira zimakutidwa ndi masamba owala a masamba obiriwira okongola obiriwira. Pakupukutira masamba, kununkhira kwamafuta onunkhira ndi zipatso za zipatso, timbewu tonunkhira ndimchere. M'matumba a masamba apical kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, ma inflorescence ang'onoang'ono okhala ngati pinki-lilac hue amawonekera.
Verbena ndi wosakanizidwa. Gululi limaphatikiza mitundu yaminda ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba. Nayi ena a iwo:
- Amethyst - masamba mpaka maluwa 30 cm okwera maluwa okongola abuluu;
- Crystal - nthambi yolimba kwambiri mpaka 25cm kutalika kwakutalika ndi ma inflorescence oyera-oyera okhala ndi zazikulu (zokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 6,5 cm);
- Etna - chitsamba mpaka 0,5 m ukuphimbidwa ndi masamba a emarodi otseguka, limamasula kale mu Meyi ndi maluwa ofiira owala ndi maso oyera;
- Cardinal - shrub shrub 40 cm wamtali wokhala ndi inflorescence wandiweyani wokhala ndi corollas ofiira.
- Gulu logawika komanso lotchuka kwambiri ndi ampel verbena. Imasiyanasiyana mu nthambi, malo ogona, ndioyenera kubzala m'maluwa ndi miphika. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Chithunzi - mphukira zoonda zosasunthika mpaka 0,5 m kutalika kwa chilimwe zimakutidwa ndi hemispherical violet-paint inflorescence;
- Mtsinje wa Mwezi - nthambi zake zimapanga chitsamba, ndipo malekezero awo amapendekeka kuchokera ku maluwa. M'chilimwe, korona amaphimbidwa ndi inflorescence zazikulu za lavender.
Zambiri Zofalitsa
Verbena ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Kubzala mbewu kumakhala kofala, chifukwa minda yambiri yanyumba imakongoletsa chaka chilichonse. Mbande ndizokhazikika pambewu, motero ndikotheka kuwona inflorescence yobiriwira kale. Mbewu zimapangidwa mu Marichi, m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Poyamba, njere zimanyowa kwa masiku 1-3 m'madzi ofunda. Bonard Verbena amafunika kuyambira kuzizira m'firiji kwa masiku 5-6. Kenako mbewu zimabzalidwa mpaka 5mm mm, yothira ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Malo obiriwira amasungidwa kutentha + 18 ... + 20 ° C ndi kuwala kozungulira. Condensate iyenera kuchotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwazidwa. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 3-4. Pambuyo pake, bokosilo limasunthidwa kupita kumalo kozizira. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mbande zimakhazikitsidwa mumiphika umodzi ndikuthira feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Pambuyo pakusintha, tsinani mbewu kuti zalimbitse nthambi. Mbande za Verbena zimafunika kubzyala panthaka pakakhazikika nyengo yofunda.
Mitundu yokongoletsera komanso yamtengo wapatali imafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Kuti muchite izi, m'dzinja, tchirelo limakumbidwa ndikusungidwa kuchipinda chochepa koma kutentha. Chapakatikati, odulidwa amawadula kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira. Aliyense akhale ndi masamba a masamba 4-6. Kudula kotsika kumachitika kutali ndi 1 cm kuchokera pamalowo. Masamba apamwamba okha ndi omwe atsalira pazodulidwa, ndipo ena onse amachotsedwa kwathunthu. Nthambi zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi perlite kapena dothi lamchenga-kuya mpaka 1 cm (mpaka impso yoyamba). Zomera zimathiriridwa madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi thumba kuti tisunge chinyezi chambiri. Pakatha milungu itatu, mizu imayamba ndipo impso zimayamba kukula. Kubzala mitengo yotseguka pokonzekera Meyi-June.
Chisamaliro cha Verbena
Tchire za Verbena zibzalidwe pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa Meyi, komanso madera akumpoto koyambirira kwa Juni. Amatha kupiriranso chisanu mpaka -3 ° C, koma kwa nthawi yochepa chabe. Malo abwino pazomera ndi malo owoneka bwino kunja. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lopendekeka pang'ono pansi pa bedi la maluwa.
Verbena amafunika dothi lachonde komanso lotayirira. Humus loam achite. Dothi lolemera limafukulidwa ndi mchenga. Kubzala kumachitika ndi transshipment kapena pamodzi ndi peat miphika. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi wamtali pafupifupi 20. Maphunziro akulu amafuna mtunda wa 25-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pansi pa fossa yofikira, miyala ndi miyala kapena miyala. Zodzikongoletsera zokha zimachitika bwino nthawi yamvula kapena yamvula. Ngati mphukira sizikuyembekezeredwa, tchire limabzalidwa madzulo ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.
Achinyamata a verbena amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma popanda kusayenda. Ndi zaka, kulekerera chilala kumawonjezeka. Palibe kuchulukana, dziko lapansi limanyowa nthawi zambiri m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi.
Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pa nyengo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mchere wa potaziyamu-phosphorous kapena chinthu chokhala ndi michere (kawiri kawiri kawiri). Kukhala wakhama kwambiri pakudyetsa sikuyenera, mwinanso mphukira zimayamba kukula, ndipo maluwa amatuluka.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mumasula dothi pafupi ndi verbena ndikuchotsa namsongole pafupi ndi mbewu zazing'onozi. Nthambi zachikulire zimatha kupirira bwino namsongole pazokha. Zomwe zimayambira zimakula m'lifupi ndikupanga kukula kokhazikika komwe mbewu zina sizili bwino.
Kuti mupitirize maluwa, inflorescence owotchera ayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Njira imodzimodziyo ingathandize kupewa kudziletsa osadziletsa. Zimayambira zimatha kufupikitsidwanso ndi kotala, kupangitsa kuti mphukira kuti ukhale wowoneka bwino.
Popeza verbena ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha, sichitha kuzizira panthaka. Mukugwa, udzu wouma umadulidwa, ndipo malowo amakumbidwa. Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko pomwe tchire limatha kusungidwa ndi masamba owuma. Zimayambira zimadulidwa chisanachitike, ndikusiya masentimita 5-6 pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati mitundu yayikulu idakulidwa m'maluwa, imabweretsa chipinda chowala, chowala.
Matenda a Verbena sikuti ndi oyipa kwenikweni. Ngakhale kuphwanya ukadaulo waulimi, pafupifupi sikuvutikira. Mukutentha kwambiri, kapena, ndikutulutsa madzi dothi nthawi zonse, phokoso la ufa, mizu zowola, ndi matenda ena am'mimba amapezeka. Mankhwala okhala ndi sulufule kapena Fundazole akupulumutsa kuchokera kwa iwo. Ma spider nthata ndi nsabwe za m'madzi zimatha kukhazikika pamtengowo, pomwe mankhwala atizilombo amatha kutulutsa mwachangu.
Zothandiza katundu
Udzu wa Verbena uli ndi mitundu yambiri ya glycosides, flavonoids, mafuta ofunikira, mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu. Amasonkhanitsidwa, amauma, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukonzera decoctions ndi tinctures. Mankhwalawa ali ndi choleretic, diaphoretic, mankhwala opha tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi malungo, kukokana kwa minofu, kuzizira ndi kutupa. Tiyi yokhala ndi zitsamba zingapo za verbena imathandiza kuthana ndi kutopa, kupsinjika kwamanjenje, kusowa tulo, kukhumudwa, komanso kunenepa. Lotions amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa zithupsa, eczema, totupa, nkhanambo. Chikwama cha udzu wouma zaka mazana angapo zapitazo chinanyamulidwa ndi achinyamata kuti azitha kukonza kukumbukira komanso kuphunzira.
Contraindication kumwa verbena ndi mimba. Grass imachulukitsa kamvekedwe ka minofu ndipo imatha kubweretsa pathupi. Panthawi yoyamwitsa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala musanatenge. Komanso, mosamala, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuyenera kukhala kwa anthu omwe amakonda kupundana.
Kamangidwe kazithunzi
Masamba obiriwira owala masamba otseguka, omwe mitu ya maluwa onunkhira amatuluka kwa miyezi ingapo, amagwira ntchito yokongoletsera bwino mundawo. Verbena amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamaluwa wosakanikirana, komanso m'minda yamagulu m'mphepete, khoma ndi mipanda. Mutha kubzala maluwa m'malo amaluwa ndi maluwa, kuwakongoletsa ndi makonde, masitepe kapena ma verandas. Mitundu ya Ampel imapanga kasiketi wokongola. Lolani kuphatikiza mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pabedi la maluwa, verbena imaphatikizidwa ndi marigold, asters, echinacea ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Gwiritsani ntchito maliseche a inflorescence sikuyenera. Mu masiku angapo, masamba owala ayamba kupukuta ndikugwa.
