Euonymus - mtengo kapena chitsamba kuchokera ku banja la ku Europe. M'chaka chonse, chimakhala ndi zokongola zosiyanasiyana komanso zowoneka bwino. Masamba owala amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira mpaka wofiira kenako wachikaso. Ngakhale maluwawo samawonetsedwa kwambiri, zipatsozo zimakhala ngati chokongoletsera chodabwitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewuyi idapambana mitima yamaluwa, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ngati chomera. Mtundu wa euonymus umapezeka m'malo otentha komanso otentha ku Europe ndi North America. Kutengera dziko lakutundu wina, momwe angasungidwenso amasinthidwa.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Euonymus ndi mtengo wocheperako kapena chitsamba chotumphukira mpaka 4- mamita mpaka theka. Masamba otsutsa okhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, achikopa amapezeka. Udzu ndiwowoneka bwino, wobiriwira kapena wamiyala. Mpumulo wamitsempha yapakati ndi yam'mbali imawonekera bwino pa iyo. Zitsanzo zowoneka bwino komanso zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimapezeka mwachilengedwe. M'dzinja loyambilira, mbewu zimasintha masamba kuchokera kubiriwira kukhala ofiira, kenako kenako ndikutuluka, chikasu.
Masamba ataphukira, pachimake mtengo wa spindle umayamba. Mabulashi ang'onoang'ono a masamba kapena zishango amapanga mawonekedwe a masamba. Maluwa ndi ochititsa chidwi, ali ndi miyala yaiwisi kapena yapinki. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pakuvunda, zipatso zimamangidwa - mabokosi ambewu. Chipatso chilichonse cha masamba 4 chimawoneka ngati pilo lotupa. Kucha, masamba amakhala burgundy, rasipiberi, wachikasu kapena wofiirira komanso wotseguka. Mkati mwake, njere zokhala ndi mmera wofesa zimawoneka.
Yang'anani! Ngakhale zipatsozo zimafanana ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso ndipo zimawoneka zokondweretsa, zimakhala ndi poizoni.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya genu euonymus imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 140 ya mbewu, yomwe 20 ku Russia ndi malo achilengedwe.
Euonymus winged. Chomera chazika mizu m'mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala yamadzi abwino a China, Sakhalin, ndi Korea. Chitsamba chokhala ndi korona wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri chimakula kutalika kwa 2.5-4 m. Nthambi zake za tetrahedral zimakutidwa ndi makungwa a imvi. Masamba achikopa a obovate kapena mawonekedwe a rhombic amadziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Pakati pawo mu kasupe angapo inflorescence otayirira okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono obiriwira amawonekera. Zipatso zakupsa zimasanduka zofiira. Mitundu ya compactus imakhala korona wolamulira mpaka 2 m kutalika. Muli ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, omwe amakhala ndi mthunzi wofiirira m'dzinja. Zipatso ndi lalanje. Mitunduyi imalekerera chisanu bwino, koma imatha kuvutika ndi kutentha ndi chilala.
Euonymus euonymus. Zosakhala zathanzi pamtunda, nyamazo zimakhala m'nkhalango zowuma za Asia Little ndi Europe. Corky yoyipa imamera pamabatani ang'onoang'ono obiriwira, ndipo khungayo limayamba kuda. Masamba ooneka ngati dzira amakula mpaka masentimita 11. Mu nthawi yophukira, amasintha kuchokera kubiriwira lakuda kukhala burgundy. Zipatso ndi lalanje. Mitunduyi imakonda kwambiri kutchera mitengo kwamizinda, chifukwa imagwirizana ndi chilala, chisanu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mitundu "yofiyira yofiyira" osiyanasiyana ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo wamtali wa 3-4 m. M'chilimwe chimaphimbidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, koma kumayambiriro kwa yophukira kumakhala chikasu chowala kenako chofiirira.
Fortune euonymus. Tchire, tambiri, tomwe tili ndi malo abwino ndi abwino. Mtundu wobiriwira nthawi zonse umakhala njira yapakati. Imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira pafupifupi 4 cm. Leaflets kupindika pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Emerald Golide - chitsamba zokwawa 50cm komanso 150 cm mulifupi zimakula masamba osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wagolide;
- Emerald Gaeti - shrub mpaka 25cm kutalika kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owotcha okhala ndi malire oyera.
Japan euonymus (mosagated). Chitsamba kapena mtengo wokhala ndi mphukira pafupi pang'ono amatha kukula mpaka 7 m kutalika. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chomera. Zithunzi zazikulu zokhala ndi chikopa chowumbidwa ndi m'mphepete mwake zimapakidwa zobiriwira zakuda ndipo zimakhala ndi malire oyera. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu obiriwira okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 cm amasonkhanitsidwa maambulera owala. Zipatso zimapakidwa utoto wapinki.
Euonymus warty. Wokhala m'mphepete mwa mapiri ku Europe ndi kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi shrub kapena mtengo 2-5. Mphukira zake zobiriwira zazing'ono zobiriwira zimakutidwa mwachangu ndi zophukira zakuda. M'chilimwe, masamba obiriwira owala amapanga korona wakuda, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amatembenukira pinki. Zina mwa zipatso zofiirira zofiirira.
The euonymus ndizocheperako. Chitsamba 30-100 masentimita okwera imakhala ndi nthambi zokwawa komanso zokwera. Mapulogalamu achichepere amasinthasintha, amabiriwira, okhala ndi michere. Ndi zaka, amayamba kuzimiririka ndikuphimba ndi njerewere zakuda. Masamba pafupifupi 4 cm ali ndi mtundu wowala wobiriwira komanso mawonekedwe opapatiza, ozungulira. Mu June, maluwa okhala ndi mafiyira ofiira otseguka amatseguka. Zikhalanso pamtunda wa masamba okha kapena ma ambulansi a masamba a 2-3. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lachikaso lokhala ndi mbande za malalanje.
Eucalyptus maak. Chitsamba chowongoka kapena mtengo wamitundu yambiri 3-10 m wamtali chimasiyanitsidwa ndi msipu wobiriwira kapena mphukira wofiirira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zokutira kumaso kumutu. Masamba ozungulira kapena ovoid amakula masentimita 5-12 ndi 1-5 cm. kumapeto kwa June, axillary inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera amawoneka. Mu Seputembala, zipatso zimacha pinki kapena zofiira.
Euonymus ndi wopatulika. Zimayambira ndi zokutira ndi masamba a pterygoid ndi masamba owala obiriwira a rhomboid. Masamba a Autumn amakhala owala, otakataka.
Njira zolerera
Chomera chatsopano chitha kupezeka kuchokera ku mbewu kapena njira zamasamba (zoyenera mitundu yokongoletsera).
Mbewu zimabzalidwa kwa miyezi 3-4 musanabzalidwe mufiriji kapena malo ena ozizira pa kutentha kwa + 2 ... + 3 ° C. Apa akuyenera kuwakhomera. Pokhapokha khungu lowonda likadzala m'mbewu zambiri, zimatsukidwa mbande ndikuwachotsa ndi yankho lovuta la potaziyamu. Konzani pasadakhale muli zodzala ndi nthaka yachonde yophatikizidwa ndi mchenga. Mbewu zobzalidwa m'nthaka ndi masentimita awiri 2. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa kutentha. Kuwombera kumatha kuwonekera m'masiku 15-20. Olima ena alimi amabzala pang'onopang'ono panja. Mu nthawi yophukira, mabedi amakutidwa ndi udzu ndi nthambi za spruce.
Mphukira zoyambira zibzalidwe. Chapakatikati, mphukira zikakhala zolimba, koma osapitilira 40-50 masentimita kutalika, amakumbidwa. Muzu uyenera kukhala wa 25-30 cm ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi. Chotupa sichimagwedezeka kwathunthu ndipo sichinawume, koma chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena mumphika wokula.
Mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe mutha kudula wobiriwira odulidwa 7 cm kutalika ndi mfundo ziwiri. Gawo lotsikirako limathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera ndipo mphukira zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka. Mphukira zimasungidwa m'malo abwino koma abwino. Njira yodzala mizu imatenga miyezi 1.5-2, kenako ndikuiwika panja.
Kwa mitundu yam'nyumba kapena yaying'ono, njira yogawanirana patchire ndiyabwino. Ndi mitundu yayikulu, ndizovuta kuzindikira mwathupi. Ndikofunikira kukumba. Kenako, ndi fosholo kapena tsamba, gawo la phokoso lomwe lili ndi mphukira yolimba limasiyanitsidwa. Kuti muthe kusintha, zimayambira zimafupikitsidwa ndi 60-70%. Delenki adayikidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kwa zitsamba zokhala ndi mphukira zogona, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira mizu, popeza mphukira imatha kudzika mizu polumikizana ndi dothi. Nthambi yolimba imayikidwa pansi, yokonzedwa ndi chosemedwa ndi kuwaza ndi lapansi. Pamwamba pamanzere pamwamba. Maonekedwe a mizu akuwonetsedwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Pambuyo pa izi, mphukira imadulidwa pafupi ndi chomera cha mayi ndikuyika kumalo atsopano.
Kusamalira Kunja
Popeza zochitika zachilengedwe ndizosiyana kwa mitundu ya euonymus, chisamaliro chawo chimasiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha mtundu uliwonse. Zomera zambiri zimabzyalidwa bwino kwambiri. Euonymus euonymus amakula bwino pansi pa dzuwa lowala, ndipo ma warty ndi euonymos aku Europe amakhala omasuka pamithunzi.
Dothi lomwe lili pamalopo liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lachonde. Kupezeka kwapafupi kwa madzi apansi panthaka, komanso dothi lakuda limalepheretsa kukula. Acidity ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena pang'ono zamchere. Maimu amawonjezeredwa kumtunda acidic.
Komanso chisamaliro chimachepetsedwa ndikumasulira nthaka ndi kuthirira kwapang'ono. Kuwononga kwamadzi pamalowo ndikosavomerezeka, koma chilala pang'ono sichingapweteke.
Chapakatikati, kudulira ndikofunikira. Chotsani nthambi zouma ndi malo owonda.
Kawiri pa nyengo iliyonse panthawi yomwe ntchito ikukula, tchire limaphatikizidwa ndi mineral min. Imakhazikika m'madzi ndikuthira m'nthaka pang'ono kutali ndi thunthu.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, pobisalira nthambi za spruce ndi masamba omwe adagwa ndikofunikira. Mbewu ikafika zaka 3, imatha kukhala yozizira popanda pogona.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, euonymus samadwala matenda azomera. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amathandiziridwa ndi akangaude, choncho, chithandizo ndi ma acaricides ("Aktara", "Aktellik") amachitika mu kasupe pofuna kupewa.
Kukula kunyumba
Euonymus amathanso kukongoletsa nyumba. Chifukwa cha kumeta tsitsi nthawi zonse, kukula kwake sikungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo chitsamba chimakwanira bwino pawindo kapena pa desktop.
Kuwala Ma euonymos ambiri ali osakhudzidwa ndi kuyatsa. Amakula chimodzimodzi mumthunzi wosawala kapena pakuwala. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana imafunikira dzuwa. M'chilimwe kuyambira dzuwa ladzuwa, chitetezo chimafunika.
Kutentha Nyengo yotentha ya mbewuyi siikhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zimamveka bwino m'chipinda chozizira (+ 18 ... + 25 ° C). M'nyengo yozizira, chiwerengerochi chimachepetsedwa kukhala + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala zowunda zimatsogolera pakuponya masamba.
Chinyezi. Mawonekedwe achikopa pamasamba amawateteza kuti asatuluke kwambiri, kotero kuti chinyezi sichinthu chachikulu. Kuti ukhale wokongola, masamba amapukutidwa kapena kutsukidwa ndi fumbi.
Kuthirira. Ma euonymos ambiri amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha izi, amakula bwino komanso mwachangu, komanso amamanganso zipatso zambiri. Ndikofunika kuchotsa madzi owerengeka kuchokera pachimake munthawi yake.
Feteleza. Mu Marichi-Seputembala, gawo la feteleza wophatikiza ndi mcherewu limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi uliwonse pansi.
Kudulira. Kupangitsa kuti korona akhale wamtali, ma euonymos amakonzedwa pafupipafupi. Ndikwabwino kuzichita mchaka. Komanso kutsina achinyamata mphukira. Chomera chimaleketsa kumeta bwino, chimatha kuperekedwa pafupifupi mawonekedwe aliwonse. Amisiri ena amapanga ngakhale bonsai.
Thirani Ndondomeko ikuchitika aliyense zaka 2-3. Momwe mizu ya euonymus imangokhala yapamwamba, kotero miphika yakuya kwambiri siyofunika. Ma shoti akulu odulira kapena zidutswa za njerwa nthawi zonse zimayikidwa pansi. Mu dothi losakaniza liyenera kukhalapo:
- mchenga;
- pepala la pepala;
- tsamba humus;
- dothi lonyowa.
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Euonymus ndi wokongoletsa kwambiri. Imathandizira bwino dimba lanyundo, komanso limawoneka bwino m'chilimwe. Mabasi ndi mitengo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala solo mkati mwa tsambalo, komanso kupanga malire mokhotakhota, makoma ndi mipanda mothandizidwa ndi ma tepi oyikika. Mtengowu umaphatikizidwa ndi oimira ma conifers (spruce, juniper, thuja).
