Primrose ndi mbewu yokhayokha yotulutsa maluwa kuchokera ku Primrose. Dzinali lingatanthauzenso "primrose". Mu chilengedwe, duwa limapezeka m'malo otsetsereka a Alps, komanso nyengo yotentha ya ku Eurasia ndi North America. Chipewa cha maluwa osalala pa mphukira yotsika amawonekera pakati pa kasupe ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali. Masiku ano, primrose wakula osati m'mundamo, komanso kunyumba ngati chomera. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyana ndi maluwa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ojambula maluwa amadziwa momwe angapangire kukongola uku nthawi ya nthawi yake, kotero pofika nthawi miphika yokhala ndi primrose yokongola imawonekera kwambiri.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Primrose ndiwosatha, ndipo nthawi zina masamba azaka. Ndi yaying'ono kukula. Kutalika pa nthawi ya maluwa sikupita masentimita 20-50. Chomera chimadyetsa nthangala ya nthangala, yomwe imapezeka kumtunda kwa dothi. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, masamba owala amapangidwa. Muli masamba ozungulira kapena a petiole, lanceolate, kapena timapepala ta ovoid. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira wopanda imvi. Pamaso pa tsambalo ndi losalala kapena lokutidwa, lotupa pakati pamitsempha. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndiokhazikika kapena bwino serata. Chifukwa cha mulu waufupi, masamba ake amawoneka osalala komanso ofewa.
Mzere wautali wamaliseche ukutalika pakati pa malo ogulitsira. Pamwamba pake amakongoletsedwa ndi burashi wandiweyani kapena maambulera, ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi maluwa amiyendo yochepa. Ma corollas amthawi zonse amakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mbali yozungulira kapena mbali inayo. Pansi pake, pamakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala chubu lalitali, ndikugwada m'mphepete. Utoto wa duwa ndi wosiyana kwambiri (womveka kapena wokongola) - woyera, wofiirira, wa lilac, wapinki komanso wofiyira. Pakatikati pafupifupi nthawi zonse chikasu. Maluwa amathandizirana kwa masabata 3-8.
Pambuyo kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, makoko a mbewu zosafunikira okhala ndi mbali zomata zimacha. Mkati mumakhala mbewu zazitali komanso zofiirira zakuda kapena zakuda.
Mitundu yama primroses
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya primrose imakhala ndi mitundu 400 yazomera. Mothandizirana, amagawidwa m'magawo 38.
Primrose wamba (vulgaris) kapena tsinde (acaulis). Mtunduwu umakhala wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Kutalika kwa mbewu ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 20. Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowala popanda kupopera mbewuyo ndipo amakula mpaka 25cm, kutalika mpaka 4 cm. Maluwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mainchesi a 2-4 cm amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amaikidwa m'magulu amambule inflorescence komanso pachimake mu Epulo-Julayi.
Khutu la primrose. Wokhala m'matanthwe otsetserekawo umakhala wofinya, masamba owindana ndi malo osalala, owala komanso pfumbi latsitsi. Pakatikati pa rosette yokhala ndi cylindrical stem mpaka 20 cm kutalika kokhala ngati maluwa owoneka ngati maluwa okongola 6-7.
Primrose wokhala ndi zokongoletsa zabwino. Mtundu wokulirapo mpaka 30 cm wamtali umakula masamba owulungika omwe ali ndi makina otumphuka ndi mbali zopindika. Kutalika kwa tsamba kumafikira masentimita 20 mpaka 40. Amakhala ndi maluwa a violet, lilac, ofiira kapena oyera a tubular okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 15 mm. Maluwa amapezeka mu Epulo-Meyi ndipo amatenga mpaka masiku 40.
Primitive inverse conic (obconica). Mtundu wa herbaceous osatha wokhala ndi masamba ambiri ozungulira kapena ozungulira umakula mpaka 60 cm. Akalulu am'madzi m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 10. Ambulera yayikulu ya maluwa oyera, apinki kapena ofiirira amatuluka pamwamba pawo.
Primrose ndi Wachichaina. Chomeracho chimapanga pepala lalikulu la masamba otseguka. Pamwambapa pali mitengo ya “pubescent” yofiirira yotalika 30-30 cm. Iliyonse imakhala ndi maluwa ochepa (mainchesi 4).
Primrose ndi Japan. Munda wamuyaya womwe uli ndi masamba otambalala omwe amapanga maluwa. Ma Peduncles 40-50 masentimita kutalika mumakhala timitengo tambiri tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timayikidwa ma whorls. Mtunduwu ndi wa gulu la candelabrum primrose. Dongosolo lamkati lamaluwa am'maso osiyanasiyana ofiira ndi 3 cm.
Primrose ndi yokwera. Munthu wokhala kumwera kwa Europe amakula masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mano ang'ono m'mphepete. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 5-20 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 2-7 cm.Maluwa okongola osalala okhala ndi mainchesi 2 cm ali ndi mtundu wachikaso wopepuka wokhala ndi malo owala bwino. Amakhala m'magulu a ambulera inflorescence yamayunitsi 5-15. Kutalika kwa peduncle ndi 10-35 cm. Maluwa amayamba mu Epulo ndipo amatenga mpaka miyezi iwiri. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Primrose colossus - maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi miyala ya rasipiberi komanso nyenyezi yachikatikati;
- Duplex - pharynx wachikasu chakuda ndizunguliridwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Cher.
Kutengera ndi primroses ya mitundu, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yambiri primrose. Amasiyana pamiyala yambiri pamiyeso poyerekeza ndi wamba. Kutali, masamba akuwoneka ngati maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi miyala yofewa. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Rosanna. Mabasi pafupifupi 15 masentimita amakutidwa ndi kapu yayifupi ya maluwa oyera, apricot, chikasu, pinki ndi ofiira.
Njira zolerera
Primrose imamera chifukwa cha nthangala, ndipo imafalitsidwanso pogawa chitsamba ndi masamba odulidwa. Dziwani kuti mukafesa mbewu zokholola palokha, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka sizimasungidwa. Mbeu zokha zimataya kumera, zimafesedwa mofulumira.
Mbande zam'munda zisanafike. Kuti muchite izi, mkati mwa mwezi wa February, mabokosi osaya osakanikirana ndi turf, mchenga ndi pepala dothi lakonzedwa. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimayesetsa kugawa bwino pansi. Amangopanikizidwa pang'ono. Kusunga chinyezi, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika mufiriji kwa masiku 25-30. Mutha kupita ndi bokosi kumsewu. Kutentha kwa mpweya panthawiyi kuyenera kukhala -10 ° C.
Pambuyo pochulukirana, mbewu zouma zimasinthidwa ndi sill yowunikira, m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera posachedwa ndikuvuta. Mbewu zikafika zaka 2, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba enieni a 2-3 zimakhazikika m'bokosi lina lomwe lili mtunda wawukulu. Akamakula, zochulukanso zingapo zimachitika. Kuti mbande za primrose zotseguka zikhale zokonzekera pokhapokha zaka ziwiri.
Chitsamba cha zaka 4-5 chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chigawidwe m'magawo angapo. Izi zimathandizira osati kungopeza mbewu zochulukirapo, komanso kupangitsanso zina zomwe zilipo. Chitani izi mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. M'mbuyomu, mbewu zamadzimadzi zimathiriridwa bwino, zokumbidwa ndikuchotsedwa pansi mosamala. Mizu imatsukidwa m'madzi ofunda, kenako ndi mpeni kudula mbewuzo ndikugawa ndikukula kwa 1-2. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi makala ndipo maluwa amawabzala pamalo atsopano.
Pochita kudula, gwiritsani ntchito tsamba ndi petiole ndi impso m'munsi. Imakhazikika mumchenga wamchenga. Pankhaniyi, theka la pepala la pepalali limachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Sungani phesi m'chipinda chofunda (+ 16 ... + 18 ° C) chowala koma chowala. Kutuluka kwa impso zatsopano kukuwonetsa kuti mizu yake yayamba bwino. Zitatha izi, zodulidwazo amazika nazo miphika ndi dothi la anthu akuluakulu. Chapakatikati amatha kutumizidwa kumunda.
Malamulo akumalo
Poyera nthaka primrose m'mabzala kasupe kapena kugwa koyambirira. Zomera zambiri sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. M'madera otentha komanso kum'mwera kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira. Malowa amafikira ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndikuwombedwa pang'ono. Zomera zimayikidwa pafupi ndi zitsamba kapena pansi pa korona wowala wa mitengo yamunda.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira komanso yopatsa thanzi, popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Primrose yabwino kwambiri yopanda mafuta. Asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mchenga, manyowa, ndi moss-sphagnum amayamba. Kutengera kutalika kwa mtundu wina, mtunda pakati pa mbeu ndi 10-30 cm.
Primrose yakunyumba iyenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse pambuyo maluwa. Tchire lokuliratu amagawika magawo. Zotsatira zake, masamba azikhala owala bwino, ndikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Dothi lanyumba lamkati lamkati limapangidwa ndi peat, tsamba ndi turf nthaka ndikuphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wamtsinje. Malo okumbika amadzala pansi pansi.
Primrose Care
Ndi kusankha malo abwino, kusamalira primrose sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Kuwala Dzuwa mwachindunji limaphatikizidwa kwa mbewuyo, imayaka mwachangu. Ndikofunika kuti muziisunga m'malo otetezeka pomwe dzuwa limalowa m'mawa kwambiri kapena dzuwa litalowa.
Kutentha Kutentha kwakukulu kwa primrose ndi + 16 ... + 22 ° C. Nthawi zambiri maluwa amasungidwa panja kapena pafupipafupi kumayendetsa chipinda. Kuti pachimake pakhale nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuyika mbewu pamalo pomwe kutentha + 12 ... + 15 ° C.
Chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yonse ya primrose imatha kusintha chinyezi. Komabe, amayankha mowolowa manja ndikamayamwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mu mpweya wouma kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa masamba mumapindika ndikuuma.
Kuthirira. Dothi pamizu ya primrose nthawi zonse liyenera kukhala lonyowa, koma osati lonyowa. Ndikofunika kuthirira nthawi zambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, oyeretsedwa bwino. Pomaliza maluwa, kuthilira kumachepa.
Feteleza. Kangapo pamnyengo, mbewu zimapatsidwa mchere wochepa wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Yambani manyowa kumayambiriro kasupe. Panthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumayimitsidwa ndikuyambiranso kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Primrose imakhudzidwa ndimatenda oyamba ndi fungus (kuvunda kwa mizu, jaundice, dzimbiri, anthracnose, powdery mildew). Itha kupanganso mabakiteriya owonongera kapena kachilombo ka virus. Matendawa amathandizidwa ndi njira yoyenera yothirira. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kutenga kachilomboka, kuchiza ndi fodya kumathandiza (Fundazole, Topsin, Bordeaux fluid). Madera onse okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mwankhanza ndikuwonongedwa. Pakati pa majeremusi, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude ndi aulesi ndizokwiyitsa kwambiri. Kuthandizira zamasamba ndi dothi ndi Actellic ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizirombo timathandiza kuti tichotse msanga.
M'mapangidwe
Primrose yaminda, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imakulolani kuti mupange zokongoletsera zodabwitsa pamalowo. Popeza maluwa amasiyanasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi nthawi, mutha kusankha mitundu yomwe, m'malo mwake, idzakondwerera kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito chokongoletsera rabatka, phiri lalitali, mabedi amaluwa pamitengo yamitengo, m'malire a malire, tchire, gombe lalitali lazosungira. Amawoneka bwino oyandikana ndi muscari, tulips, daffodils, irises, phloxes, sopowort. Mitundu ina yokhala ndi inflorescence pamitunda yayitali imadulidwa kuti ipange maluwa.
