Weigela - zitsamba zambiri komanso zowala bwino. Amatchedwa pambuyo pa wasayansi waku Germany K.E. Weigel. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Honeysuckle. Dziko lakwawo ndi chisumbu cha Java, kummawa ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Weigel amatha kupezeka panthaka yonyowa m'nkhalango zowala komanso pamawonekedwe a dzuwa. Chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mawonekedwe ake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mapaki, minda ndi ziwembu zawo. Ndi mitundu yocheperako ya mitundu, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yokongoletsera ya pichesi yachilendo kwambiri ndikokulira.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Weigela ndi chitsamba chowongolera chomata komanso cholimba. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi chimadyetsa popanda chopingasa (ma stolon), motero chitsamba sichimakhala chapafupi ndipo chimangokhala chofanana. Zimayambira zokutidwa ndi bark. Amatulutsa zambiri kuchokera pansi. Masamba osavuta a petiole amakula mosiyana. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owulungika omwe ali ndi mbali zokulirapo ndi m'mphepete.
Weigela limamasula kawiri pachaka: kumapeto kwa Meyi ndi Ogasiti. Maluwa amakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Masamba amapangidwa pamtunda wachinyamata wobiriwira ndikulemekezedwa chaka chatha. Mu ma axils a masamba, maluwa amtundu payekha kapena bulashi yaying'ono yaying'ono ya masamba 2-6 amawoneka. Ma pedicel ndi afupiafupi kapena kulibe konse.
Corolla ya mawonekedwe olondola imakhala ndi miyala 5 ovoid yokhala ndi m'mphepete. Alijambulidwa muzithunzi za zoyera, zachikaso, zapinki, zofiirira zakuda kapena zofiirira. Nthawi zambiri, pakapita nthawi, mtunduwo umakhala wopepuka kapena wowonjezereka. Pansi, pamakhala mafayala akulu. Ma stamens asanu okhala ndi ma line anthers ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka ovary komwe kumapangitsa kuti azisala. Kutalika kwa duwa lotseguka kumafika 5 cm.
Pambuyo povundukula, mabokosi ang'onoang'ono a bivalve okhala ndi matabwa olimba amapangidwa. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe opakika kapena ozungulira ndi mphuno yopapatiza. Mkati mwake muli mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zambiri, zina zomwe zimakonda mapiko.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Weigela
Mwathunthu, mitundu 15 yaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa Weigela. Mwa awa, pafupifupi 7 amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Koma mitundu yamitundu mitundu ilibe malire ndipo imasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndi zitsanzo zatsopano.
Weigel Middendorff. Subnder deciduous shrub imakula kutalika ndi 1-1.5 m. Imakhala ndi kukana bwino chisanu ndipo imagwira mwachangu ndipo imaphukira ngakhale mkati mwake. Chomera chili ndi mphukira. Masamba obiriwira owala bwino m'mitsempha ndi pubescent. M'mwezi wa Meyi ndi Seputembu, maluwa okhala ndi mulifupi wa pachimake 3-4 masentimita. Amasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono za 2-6 masamba ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwake kwa masiku 25-30. Ma corollas achikasu owala amakutidwa ndi mawanga ndi malalanje.
Kufalikira Weigela (Florida). Chitsamba chachikulu (mpaka 3 m kutalika) chimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima obiriwira okhala ndi petioles lalifupi. Masamba ake ali ndi mbali zabwino komanso mulu wopanda pang'ono m'mphepete mwa chapakati. Maluwa ooneka ngati belu opindika amaunjikidwa mu ma inflorescence otayirira a masamba a 3-4. Amawonekera m'mwezi wa Meyi ndipo amakhala mpaka masiku 20. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Weigela ofiira - chitsamba chowirira mpaka 1.5 m kukula kutalika masamba ofiira ofiira, ndipo pofika pakati pa Juni chimamasula maluwa ndi miyala ya pinki yapamwamba ndi malo achikasu;
- Nana aimurea - chithunzi chocheperako cha mitundu yapitayo;
- Weigela pinki - chitsamba chophulika chimasungunula maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Kunja, ma petals ndi pink-carmine, ndipo mkati mwake ndi opepuka, pafupifupi oyera;
- Variegata - mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu, mitundu yokongola yotalika masentimita 2-2,5 m yaying'ono (mpaka 3.5 cm) maluwa owala a pinki;
- Kanyama kakang'ono ndi kakang'ono, kamtunda kamakula pang'onopang'ono ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba ofiira nthawi yonse ya chilimwe yokutidwa ndi maluwa amdima pinki 25 mm mulifupi;
- Alexandra - chitsamba chokulirapo chokhala ndi mainchesi 1-1.5 chimakutidwa ndi masamba apakatikati kapena masamba akuda amtundu wakuda; m'chigawo choyamba cha chilimwe, chimatsegulira mabelu ofiira okwanira mpaka 4 cm.
Weigela wosakanizidwa. Chitsamba chokhala ndi korona wowonda chimakula mpaka 150 cm. Maluwa okongola a tubular okhala ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino. Mtunduwo umayang'aniridwa ndi matepi oyera, apinki, ofiirira, ofiirira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Bristol Ruby - kutalika kwa 2.5 m, mainchesi a shrub amafikira 3.5 m. Masamba obiriwira owala bwino amatulutsa nthambi, ndikutha kumapeto kwa June maluwa amasamba. Pama rose rose pali malire a ruby ndi malo a lalanje pamunsi.
- Red Prince - chitsamba chophukira mpaka 1.5 m chapamwamba chimakhala ndi mphukira zobisika ndi masamba obiriwira. Maluwa ake ndi ofiira owoneka bwino.
- Eva Ratke - chitsamba chowoneka bwino chomwe chili ndi kutalika kwa 50-60 masentimita mu June-Ogasiti okutidwa ndi maluwa okongola a utoto wa carmine-ofiira.
- Nana variegata ndi Weigela wophatikizika ndi maluwa rasipiberi kapena maluwa oyera oyera: omwe amakhala ndi masamba a 3-4.
- Kadinala ndi chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi maluwa ambiri oyera mbu.
- Weigela ndi-ofiira - masamba amtengo wa azitona wonyezimira pakati ali ndi malo ofiira.
- Carnival - chitsamba 50-70 masentimita atali ndi masamba obiriwira owala mu June-Julayi limamasula maluwa obiriwira ofiira.
Njira zolerera
Weigels amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu kapena zodula pofalitsa. Kubzala, mbewu mpaka chaka chimodzi ziyenera kutengedwa. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kufalitsa mitundu yazomera zamtunduwu, chifukwa zilembo zamtunduwu zimagawika mosavuta. Mbewu zitha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo malo osapezekapo m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe m'miphika ndi nthaka yachonde. Pakaphuka masamba awiri okhala ndi masamba awiri, amadzimbidwa ndikuwonda. Pakatha chaka, mbewuzo zimakula msanga 6-7 masentimita ndipo zimakhala ndi masamba 6-8. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti malo obzala sakhala wandiweyani, apo ayi ma rhizomes amasokoneza. Kuyambira mchaka chachiwiri, weigel akhoza kubzala pabala lotseguka. Kwa mbewu zazing'ono, kuteteza ku chisanu nthawi yachisanu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pazaka ziwiri, mmera umakula mpaka 40-50 cm, ndipo uyamba kuphuka kuyambira zaka 4.
Pofalitsa, Weigels ndi odulidwa amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira zobiriwira zochepa. Amadulidwa mchilimwe. Nthambi iliyonse imayenera kukhala ndi malo awiri. Mukadula, masamba amachotsedwa kapena kufupikitsidwa ndi 30-50%. Kwa maora 1-2, zodulidwa zimayikidwa m'madzi ofunda wamba, kenako ndikuwathandizira ndi mizu yopanga (heteroauxin) kwa maola 12. Pakadali pano, amasungidwa kumalo amdima komwe kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Kenako zodulidwazo zibzalidwa mumchenga peat nthaka. Finyirani dothi pamwamba ndi dothi la mitsinje ndikufesa pamalirowo ndi filimu yotsitsimutsa. Kutsirira kumachitika kawiri pa tsiku. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zonse zobzala zimazika mizu.
Kubzala mitengo yodula, imadulidwa mu Epulo, masamba asanatseguke. Kutalika kwa nthambi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mukatha kulandira chithandizo ndi Kornevin, odulidwa amawokedwa mumiphika ndi mchenga ndi dothi louma. Amakutidwa ndi kanema. Zomera zimachitika pakangotha milungu yochepa, koma sizigwira ntchito kwenikweni. Pakatha mwezi, zikumera, kenako amamwetsedwa ndi michere kapena michere (mullein, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate). Zomera zomwe zabzala m'mundamo.
Tikufika komanso malo
Weigel amatenga malo owala bwino. Kuchokera pa zokongoletsa ndi mafunde ozizira a mphepo, masamba amagwa popanda kuphuka. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lachonde komanso lonyowa lokwanira. Ikhoza kukhala yopanda kupindika komanso yamchenga ndi kusaloledwa kapena pang'ono kwamchere. Weigel Middendorff yekha amasintha bwino pang'onopang'ono acidic peaty dothi.
M'mundamo, ndibwino kusankha mbewu pazaka zitatu. Landings ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe, masamba asanatseguke. Mukabzala m'dzinja, ma weigel nthawi zina samakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ndikumwalira nthawi yozizira. Pobzala, maenje okhala ndi kuya kwa 30-30 masentimita amakonzedwa. Malo aulere amadzaza dziko lapansi ndi kuphatikiza kompositi ndi nitrophosphate (mpaka 100 g pa chitsamba chilichonse).
M'mabwalo a magulu, mtunda umadalira kutalika kwa mitundu inayake. Amachokera ku 80 masentimita mpaka 1.5-2 m. Rhizomes amayala bwino ndikuumbika. Khosi la muzu liyenera kukhala pamtunda kapena lakuya ndi masentimita 1-2. Pamapeto kubzala, nyani zochuluka kuthirira ndi mulch nthaka.
Zosamalidwa
Weigela ndi wonyozeka, kumusamalira sikukhala kolemetsa kwambiri. Zomera zimangothiridwa madzi ndikungosakhalapo kwa nyengo yayitali komanso masiku otentha kwambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi, namsongole pamalopo ndikuchotsa namsongole. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza mizu ili pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Pambuyo pothira ndi umuna kwa zaka ziwiri, weigel sanaphatikizidwe. Kenako kasupe amapanga gawo la feteleza wa mchere (ammofoska, diammofoska). Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, nthawi yophukira, tchire zimathiriridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu sulfate kapena superphosphate. Panthawi yophukira yophukira, phulusa lamatanda (200 g / m²) kapena Kemira limalowetsedwa mu bwalo la thunthu.
Weigel amafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi kuti izioneka okongola. Chapakatikati muzichita kuyeretsa mwaukhondo. Nthambi zophwanyika ndi zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Panyengo yachilimwe, korona amachepetsa ndikuwumba. Mukudulira kwa chilimwe, gawo lokha la nthambi limachotsedwa, chifukwa maluwa obwerezabwereza amabwera chifukwa cha kukula kwachinyamata. Zaka 3-4 zilizonse, tchire liyenera kupangidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani mpaka 30% ya nthambi. Amadulidwa. Nthawi zina amayeserera kudula tchire lathunthu. Kudandaula za kukonzanso korona sikuli koyenera, a Weigela amalolera bwino tsitsi la mtundu uliwonse.
M'dzinja, a Weigela amakonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Masamba atagwa, thunthu lozungulira limakonkhedwa ndi nthaka ndikuyanika. Korona wa mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha zimamangiriridwa ndi mapasa ndipo zimakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu kapena zadenga. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kokhazikika, ndipo kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi masamba okugwa. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kupondera matalala pafupi ndi mizu kuti makoswe asawononge mphukira.
Nthawi zambiri, Weigela amalimbana ndi matenda azomera. Ngati malo oti asankhidwirewo ndi osadetsedwa komanso ofunikira, zowola imvi, dzimbiri kapena mawanga zimayamba. "Topsin" kapena Bordeaux madzi (osakanikirana ndi mandimu ndi sulfate yamkuwa) amathandiza kuthana ndi bowa. Mankhwala othandizira amachitidwa asanachitike budding.
Mwa zina zoyipa kwambiri za Weigela, nsabwe za m'mimba, mbozi, mphukira, ndi akangaude ambiri. Tizilombo tikawoneka, dothi ndi mphukira zimathandizidwa ndi tizilombo (Aktara, Karbofos). Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba (kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, chowawa). Nthawi zina mbewu zobzalidwa zokha zimayamba kufota. Cholinga cha izi ndi zimbalangondo kapena mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka. Amagwera pansi ndi manyowa. Amathandiziranso kuthirira ndi njira yothetsera tizilombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Tchire la Weigel limagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu limodzi ndi malo obzala limodzi m'malo a udzu, m'mbali mwa njira, pakhomo la munda kapena pafupi ndi nyumba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozungulira, popanga mapiri otsetsereka kapena dimba lokongola la Japan. Weigela akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zitsamba zina, monga barberry, cotoneaster, spirea, cypress.
