Chomera cha mafuta cha Castor ndichomera chobiriwira chochokera ku banja la Euphorbia. Amakhulupirira kuti idachokera ku Ethiopia, kuchokera komwe adafalikira kudera lotentha konse komanso dziko lapansi. Itha kupezekanso pansi pa mayina "mtengo wa paradiso", "castor" kapena "Turkish hemp". Nthambi zamphamvu zolimbidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu osazungulira ndizokongoletsa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa mafuta a castor kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, poizoni yemwe ali ndi mbeu komanso timadzi tambiri timakhala toopsa. Inde, izi zimafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezereka, koma pakuwongolera moyenera, mafuta a castor adzakhala chiphikiro chokongola cha mundawo ndipo adzakopa chidwi chochuluka.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Chomera chamafuta a Castor - chitsamba chofalikira chomwe chikukula msanga 2-10 m.Zachilengedwe, chimakhalapo kwa zaka zingapo, chimakondwera ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi masamba okongoletsera. Nthawi yotentha, mafuta a castor amadzalidwa chaka chilichonse. Nyengo yanyengo iye amakwanitsa kukula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Mphukira zamphamvu zolimba ndi machubu osakhazikika okhala ndi nthiti. Amakutidwa ndi khungu lobiriwira, la pinki kapena lofiirira komanso lophimba pang'ono matte.
Zithunzi zazikulu za petiolate zimakulanso. Kutalika kwa petiole imodzi ndi 20-60 cm. Tsamba ili ndi mawonekedwe osyanitsidwa kwambiri a kanjedza ndipo limakhala ndi lobes 5-7. Kutalika kwa tsamba limodzi kumafikira masentimita 30-80. Magawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka okhala ndi mbali yowongoka komanso mbali za wavy amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Pamwamba, mitsempha yapakati ndi yammbali ikuwonekera bwino.
Maluwa amapezeka m'miyezi yotentha. Pakati pa masamba ndi pamwamba pa mphukira wakuda masamba ang'onoang'ono, maluwa a nondescript pachimake. Chilichonse inflorescence chimakhala ndi masamba achimuna ndi achikazi, opakidwa zoyera kapena zonona. Ma stamens ambiri amapanga phokoso lodzaza ndipo amapatsa mpweya inflorescence. Maluwa achikazi okhala ndi ma stigmas atatu opakidwa utoto ndi rasipiberi, achikasu kapena ofiira.
Pambuyo kupukutira, makapu ena oyambira, wokutidwa ndi khungu wokhala ndi ma spikes olimba, okhwima. Danga lamtunduwo limafikira masentimita 3. Mkati, limagawidwa m'madipatimenti atatu, momwe muli mbewu zazikulu, zofanana ndi nyemba, zokhala ndi khungu.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Mbeu zamafuta a Castor, komanso mafuta ake amafuta, zimakhala ndimtundu wambiri ndi ricinin. Zinthu izi, zowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, zimayambitsa poizoni, ma spasms, komanso magazi m'mimba. Mutha kufa, ndikokwanira kuti mwana adye mpaka 6 mbewu, ndipo wamkulu - mpaka 20. Nthawi zambiri mlingo wocheperako nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwanira. Simungayesenso kutafuna mafuta owonetsa, makamaka mbewu. Komanso mukatha kugwira ntchito m'mundamo, sambani m'manja mosamba.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za poizoni ndikusanza, kupweteka mutu, kufooka, kupsa ndi kupsinjika m'mimba, komanso kamvekedwe ka khungu. Mukayamba kukayikira kuti poyizoni akuwoneka, muyenera kuyimbira foni dokotala, chifukwa matendawo ayandikira kwambiri.
Ngakhale njerezo zili ndi poizoni, mu mafakitale omwe amapangira mafuta ndiwopindulitsa kwa iwo. Mafuta ofunika amakhala mpaka hafu ya kuchuluka kwa zopangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsira komanso chifukwa chaukadaulo.
Pambuyo pokonzekera mwapadera, mafuta a castor amapezeka. Tekinolo ya Spin imapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya poizoni isathe. Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuthana ndi kutupa kwam'mimba, colitis, kudzimbidwa, ndi kutentha thupi. Amathandizidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba ndikuwotcha pakhungu. Mu cosmetology, mafuta a castor amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa njerewere ndi kuyera mawanga azaka. Zimathandizanso kukulitsa njira zakulera za chiberekero ndikuwunikira njira ya bronchitis.
Mitundu yaminda
Mitundu ya nyemba za castor ndi monolithic, ndiye kuti, imangotengera mitundu yokha - nyemba za castor. Anakhala wokongoletsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso ma hybrids. Mtengowo ndi tchire lomwe limamera ndi masamba ataliitali, osema. Ma inflorescence oyandikira kwambiri achikasu kapena kirimu hue amakula pafupi ndi tsinde pazinthu zazifupi. Pambuyo povundukula, amabwezedwa ndi mabokosi oyambira mbewu okhala ndi ma spikes. Mwa mitundu yowoneka bwino kwambiri, izi ndizodziwika:
- Mafuta a Gibson castor. Chitsamba cha kutalika kwa 1.5 mita chimakutidwa ndi masamba akulu obiriwira okhala ndi sheen wachitsulo. Pamwamba m'mitsempha, tsamba lamasamba limapeza ubweya wofiira.
Mafuta a Gibson Castor - Chomera cha mafuta cha Castor ku Zanzibar. Zosiyanasiyana pachaka zokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu yakukula mpaka 200 masentimita. Masamba akulu zedi ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndipo inflorescence zazikulu zimakhala pafupi ndi thunthu.
Castor nyemba Zanzibar - Chomera cha mafuta cha Castor. Mtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri, wamtunda wa 1.5-2 m, umakula masamba akuluakulu a kanjedza amtundu wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala.
Nyemba za Castor - Castor nyemba impala. Tamba lodziwika bwino limakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 120. Mphukira zake zamphamvu zomwe zimakula msanga zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira amkuwa omwe amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiyira m'mitsempha ndi maluwa ofiira ofanana amitundu yayikulu.
Castor Mafuta Impala - Bourbon nyemba. Chitsamba champhamvu chokhala ndi tsinde lofiyira chofiirira chimakula 3 m kutalika. Ili ndi masamba akulu obiriwira okhala ndi malo owoneka bwino.
Mafuta a Bourbon castor - Chomera cha mafuta a Castor Cambodian. Chomera cha kutalika kwa 1.2 mita chimasiyanitsidwa ndi thunthu lakuda komanso masamba obiriwira akuda, kudula mpaka pansi.
Cambodian Castor Mafuta
Kuberekanso ndi kubzala
Wamaluwa agogomeze kuti kukulira mafuta ochulukitsa panyumba ndizotheka kokha ndi mbewu. Mwamwayi, ambiri okwanira aiwo amapsa munyengo. Mbewu zazikulu zimakutidwa ndi khungu lowonda, lomwe limapanganiza nthawi ya kumera. Chifukwa chake, asanafesere, amaperewera (amawononga khungu ndi fayilo kapena sandpaper). Kenako chodzala chimanyowa kwa maola 10-12 mu njira ya "Epina".
Mafuta a Castor akhoza kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo poyera mu Meyi. Kuti mutenge chomera champhamvu mwachangu, mbande zakula. Kuti muchite izi, koyambirira kwa Epulo, konzani miphika yaying'ono yodzaza ndi dothi lotayirira theka lokha. Mbewu zazikulu ndizosavuta kugawa m'modzi. Amaikidwa m'manda masentimita 1.5-2.5. Pambuyo pokonza, zikumera zimawoneka mwachangu, kale lachitatu kapena lachinayi. Mbande imakula msanga. Kuthawa kumakokedwa, kenako masamba enieni osema amawoneka. Kuti mupeze chitsamba chowala, mbewuzo zimasunthidwa kumalo abwino ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Pang'onopang'ono chomera cha mafuta cha castor chimakonkhedwa ndi dziko lapansi ndipo mumphika umadzaza.
Nthawi ikafika yoti ibzale chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha pamalo otseguka, kutalika kwa mtengo wa nyemba za castor kumayamba kufika pa mita 1. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Ngakhale mitundu yaying'ono imakhala yayikulu mosiyanasiyana, ndiye mbewu 1-2 zimatsimikizika mu dzenje lililonse lobzala. Kubala kumachitika ndi njira yopatsirana kuti mizu yolimba isavutike. Mtunda pakati pa zochitika pagulu uzikhala pafupifupi 1-1,5 m.
Malamulo Osamalira
Mafuta a Castor samatengera ndipo amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Zabwino koposa zonse, tchire limamera m'nthaka yopanda thanzi (chernozem). Chuma chikadzakwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti chitsamba chake chidzakulanso. Pamaso pa zokonzekera mwamphamvu, kukula kwamafuta a castor kumachepetsa. Mitundu yambiri imakonda malo okhala chinyezi komanso kuyatsa bwino.
Masamba osasunthika amasintha chinyezi mwachangu, kotero kuthirira nthawi zonse kumakhala mfundo yayikulu pakusamalira. Palibe kuchulukana, chidebe chamadzi chimatsanuliridwa pansi katatu pa sabata.
Mukangobzala, dothi pafupi ndi chomera limawumbika. Poyamba timafunikira kuchotsa namsongole nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muchotse udzu. Pang'onopang'ono, namsongole adzaleka kukula.
Kwa kanthawi, maulendo atatu a mafuta a castor amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri za nayitrogeni. Kwa nthawi yoyamba imayambitsidwa nthawi yophukira.
Mukugwa, ndikuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira yoyamba, mphukira zimayamba kuda, masamba amasamba. Tsoka ilo, mafuta a castor samazizira nyengo yotentha, choncho palibe chifukwa choyesera kuti asasunge. Chomera chouma chimadulidwa, ndipo pansi amakumbidwa, kukonzekera munda wamaluwa watsopano.
Chomera cha mafuta cha Castor chikugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri azomera. Pokhapokha pamalo ozizira komanso pamtunda pomwepo pamatha kuvunda, phylostictosis kapena powdery mildew. Kusintha chitsamba kungathandize mankhwalawa ndi fungicides kapena Bordeaux madzi.
Nthawi ndi nthawi masamba ndi zimayambira mbozi, mapesi a pseudo, nsikidzi zokhala ndi mchenga, ma lobes amchenga ndi ma waya amawoneka. Tizilombo timavutika pang'ono mukabzala zitsamba zonunkhira, adyo ndi anyezi pafupi ndi mafuta a castor. Kuchiza ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa chowawa (1: 3) kapena mankhwala ophera tizirombo timathandizanso ndi majeremusi.
Chomera cha mafuta cha Castor potchera mitengo
Chitsamba chachikulu chokhala ndi masamba okongola a maluwa ofiira komanso obiriwira chimawoneka bwino m'minda imodzi pakati pa udzu kapena pakati pa bedi la maluwa ozungulira, lomwe limapangidwa ndi maluwa otsika maluwa. Mafuta a Castor nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa hedges kapena kukongoletsa makoma. Ndipo zadziwika kuti ntchentche zimawululuka pafupipafupi ndi mbewu.
Ngakhale ma nyemba za castor ndi oopsa kwambiri, kukulitsa ntchito yokongoletsera sikuopsa. Ngati nyumbayo ilibe ana aang'ono, nkhuku ndi nyama, simuyenera kuchita mantha. Kungokhala pafupi ndi chomera kapena kukhudza sikungavulaze. Ndikofunika kungoyang'anira ukhondo.
