Cineraria ndi mbewu yomwe ili ndi maluwa owala bwino ndi masamba opangidwa ndi siliva wokongola modabwitsa. Ndi gawo la banja la a Astrov. Duwa lobadwiralo ndi la South Africa, koma tchire lambiri ndi lotchuka monga mbewu ya m'munda komanso mkatikati mwa Russia. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira malire ndi maluwa. Mitundu ya haibridi yokhala ndi maluwa ambiri osiyanasiyana imakopa onse wamaluwa. Dzinalo limasuliridwa kuti "ashen". Izi zimadziwika ndi masamba osalala, ofewa. Duwa ndilabwino kwambiri kotero kuti silingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi. Chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwake, kusamalira ndikosavuta.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Cineraria - udzu wokhazikika kapena zitsamba zowoneka bwino, zophukira. Kutalika kwamasamba ndi masentimita 30-90. Mbewuyo imadyetsedwa bwino ndi muzu wakuthengo, womwe umalowa pansi kwambiri.
Masamba akuluakulu a petiole opangidwa mwaluso, ozungulira kapena osanjidwa bwino amakula m'litali lonse la mitengo. Pamaso pa mphukira ndi masamba adakutidwa ndi mulu waufupi wabuliberi wa siliva wonyezimira. Masamba ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo amapanga mawonekedwe onga ofewa.
Pakati pa Juni, inflorescence-basiketi limafalikira pamwamba pa mphukira. Ndizosavuta kapena terry. M'mphepete lakunja, mizere ingapo ya maluwa ofiira, oyera, achikaso kapena ofiira amakula. Pazowoneka bwino ndi mitundu ya tubular sikungokhala ndi mtundu umodzi, zimatha kukhala zachikaso, siliva, buluu kapena utoto.
Kusinthana wina ndi mnzake, inflorescence ya cineraria pachimake mpaka pakati yophukira, mpaka matalala abwere. Pambuyo popukutira, nyemba zowuma zimacha, mkati mwake momwe muli mbewu zazing'ono zakuda zofiirira, pafupifupi zakuda.
Mitundu ya Cineraria
Mitundu ya cineraria imaphatikizapo mbewu zingapo zingapo. Koma mchikhalidwe chotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu zochepa chabe komanso mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera. Nthawi ndi nthawi, amagawidwa kukhala masamba okongoletsera ndi maluwa.
Cineraria nyanja (siliva). Mtengowo ndiwosatha, koma nthawi yozizira amamera m'mundamo ngati pachaka. Ndizotchuka ndi masamba okongoletsa. Masamba otchekedwa masamba amasungidwa magawo owonda. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira wowoneka bwino komanso wokutidwa ndi mulu wosalala. Udzu umapanga malo opindika kwambiri kutalika konse kwa zimayambira, ndikukula kukhala m'nkhwawa zowirira. Maluwa a cineraria am'nyanja sakhala okongola kwenikweni. Amasunga mabasiketi ang'ono achikasu omwe samayenda bwino ndi masamba a siliva. Chifukwa chake, wamaluwa ambiri amadula masamba asanatsegule. Mitundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochulukitsa dimba. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Fumbi la siliva - zitsamba zosachepera (mpaka 25 cm) zokhala ndi masamba otseguka;
- Cirrus - amapita kumtunda (pafupifupi masentimita 45), ma ntchto otayirira okhala ndi timapepala totsalira.
Cinema ndi wamagazi. Popeza mtunduwu ndi woyenera kulimidwa m'nyumba, nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "m'nyumba ya cineraria." Zosiyanasiyana ndizotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa owala kwambiri. Chowongoka, chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri mpaka 70cm ndipo chimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira kapena masamba opindika. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, tchire limakutidwa ndi chipewa chakuda chamaluwa owala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Grandiflora - theka-shrub 50-70 masentimita okwera, maluwa akuluakulu osavuta inflorescence-madengu okhala ndi mainchesi 5-8;
- Zapawiri - tchuthi 35-70 masentimita okwera pachimake ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 5 masentimita, ma petals awo adapangidwa utoto mitundu 2
- The stellate - mphukira yotalika masentimita 70-90 masentimita ang'onoang'ono (2-4 cm) okhala ndi miyala yaying'ono ya utoto wa indigo yofanana ndi kuwala kwa nyenyezi.
Choyimira m'mimba ndichabwino. Zomera zophuka kwambiri za mtengowo zimapanga chitsamba chotalika pafupifupi 60. Masamba ndi masamba zimakutidwa ndi mulu womata. Mabasiketi osavuta komanso a terry inflorescence amakula m'magulu, ndikupanga kukula kwa corymbose inflorescence pa tsinde limodzi. Magulu osiyanasiyana okongoletsa ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Nana - chomera chofika 25cm chotalika chimakutidwa ndi maluwa akulu ambiri, ngati nyenyezi okhala ndi maziko a burgundy ndi pinki pamakhala;
- Ligulosus - tating'ono-tating'ono-tating'ono tambiri tokhala ndi maluwa ochulukirapo amitundu yambiri.
Malamulo ak kubereka
Kulima kwa cineraria kuchokera ku mbewu kumapangidwa kudzera mu mbande. Popeza imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokulira, mbewu zimapangidwa kuyambira Disembala mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa febru. Potsirizira pake, maluwa adzagwa. Kulima cineraria ya m'madzi kuchokera ku mbewu kumayambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, chifukwa sikofunikira kuyembekezera maluwa ake, ndipo masamba okongoletsa adzakondwera mu Meyi.
Ndikofunikira kukonza mabokosi ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimagawidwa pamtunda ndikufinya pogwiritsa ntchito wolamulira. Pambuyo pake, dziko lapansi limapukusidwa ndipo bokosilo limakutidwa ndi zojambulazo. Mphukira yaubwenzi imawonekera patatha masiku 7-10, pambuyo pake pothawirako chimachotsedwa pomwepo ndipo bokosilo limasamutsidwira kumalo owala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C.
Mbewu zikakula masamba awiri enieni, zimasankha miphika ya peat payokha. Chifukwa cha pivot rhizome, kuphatikizika kwa cineraria kumatha kupweteka. Mukatola, mbande zimasungidwa pa kutentha osaposa + 15 ° C. Mu Meyi, chisanu chikamadutsa, amasinthana malo otseguka limodzi ndi miphika ya peat.
Pofalitsa mitundu yokongoletsera, kuphatikiza nyanja ya cineraria, gwiritsani ntchito njira yodula. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikokwanira kudula pamwamba pa mphukira pafupi kutalika kwa 10 cm.Obzalidwa m'bokosi ndi mchenga komanso dothi la peat. Asanabzala, kagawo kamathandizidwa ndi Kornevin. Kwa nthawi yosinthira, zikumera zimakutidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena filimu. Mizu yawo ikawonekera, imayamba kubisala. Choyamba, zodula zimatsegulidwa kwa maola angapo patsiku, kenako kwathunthu. M'dzinja komanso nthawi yachisanu, mbewu zimasiyidwa mumbale ndipo nthawi yozizira zimabweretsedwa m'chipinda chozizira. Chotsatira chakumapeto, mutha kuthamangitsa cineraria kupita panja.
Chitsamba chachikulu, chomakula bwino chitha kupatsidwanso magawano. Kuti tichite izi, mu Meyi-Ogasiti, ndikusintha kumachitika ndi nthawi yomweyo kupatukana kwa muzu ndikumafufuma m'malo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zimayambira zingapo. Mukangobzala, mbewuzo zimasungidwa pamalo abwino, omata. Pambuyo polojekiti, iwo amakula mwachizolowezi.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Podzala, cineraria imasankha malo owala bwino ndi mdima masana. Zomera zimakonda kuwala kowala, koma dzuwa litayang'ana pomwe masamba amatakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni (amayaka).
Dothi. Kukumba dothi pamalopo. Asanabzala, mchenga pang'ono, peat ndi kompositi zimayambitsidwa panthaka. Poyesa kuti tisawononge mizu, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mabowo osaya ndi 20-25 cm. Mutabzala, nthaka imathiriridwa, pang'ono pang'ono ndikuwumbika ndi peat. Indoor cineraria imabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito dothi losakaniza masamba, kompositi ndi peat. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera zidutswa za makungwa a pine ndi phulusa ku gawo lapansi. Kusamalira mbewuyo nkovuta.
Kutentha Cineraria amakonda zinthu zabwino. Amamva bwino kuposa zonse pa kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Mukamawotha mpaka + 20 ° C ndi kupitirira apo, mphukira zoonda ndi masamba zimayamba kufota. Usiku, mbewuzo zimakana kuzizira mpaka + 5 ° C. Ngati cineraria yabzalidwe mchombo, ndiye kuti pakati pa kasupe mpaka Okutobala imasungidwa panjira kapena khonde lomwe limakhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
Chinyezi. Chomera chimafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, koma ndikosayenera kuchipopera chifukwa cha mulu pa masamba. Chifukwa chake, mapallet okhala ndi timiyala tonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsidwa amaikidwa pafupi ndi maluwawo. M'mundamo, mutha kuthira dothi labwino kutali ndi mizu.
Kuthirira. Cineraria imafunikira kuthirira kochuluka, koma madzi sayenera kuyendayenda pansi, chifukwa kutha kwa mizu sikungapeweke. Mukathilira, muyenera kumasula pansi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuthyola kutumphuka.
Feteleza. Chomera chimafuna kuvala pamwamba nthawi zonse, chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri mu dothi losauka. Kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi, tchire limathirira madzi ndi yankho la feteleza wachilengedwe wa michere maluwa. Mu kasupe, nyimbo zopangidwa ndi nitrogen zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga masamba okongola, ndipo nthawi yotentha, ntchito yokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri, yofunikira maluwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kangapo pamnyengo, kuvala mchere kumaloledwa ndi organic kanthu (mullein).
Kudulira. Momwe ma inflorescence amafota, ayenera kudulidwa tsamba loyamba. Tchire lodzaza ndi kufupikitsa.
Zisanu. M'malo otentha, cineraria imakhalabe bwino. Mabasi nthawi zambiri amaundana, motero amakulira m'mundamo ngati mbewu zapachaka. Panyengo yophukira, mphukira yonse imawonongedwa, ndipo dzikolo limakumbidwa. Nthawi zina mu kugwa, cineraria imakumba ndikuziika m'miphika, yomwe imabweretsedwa mu chipinda chowala bwino (chosaposa + 10 ... + 15 ° C). Zikatero, zimatha kupitilira kuphuka. Chapakatikati, tchire limodzi ndi miphika amatengedwa kupita kumunda kapena kukayikidwanso panja. M'madera akumwera, cineraria imabisala panja. Kuti muchite izi, kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita amaphimbidwa ndi matanda akufa kapena nthambi za spruce.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Cineraria amalimbana ndi matenda azomera. Tizilombo timakhalanso tambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthomba ndi ma akanga. Kuti tiziromboti tisavulaze kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zamasamba ndikuzichitira ndi mankhwala munthawi yake (Neoron, Fitoverm, Karbofos).
Cineraria pakupanga mawonekedwe
Cineraria yolimba ndi yowala nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa gawo kapena kutsogolo kwa munda wamaluwa. Silver cineraria imabzalidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a maluwa owala bwino ngati mawonekedwe akumalire okongoletsa pansi, komanso m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala.
Kufalikira mitundu bwino kukongoletsa khonde ndi khonde. Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'munda wosakanizika. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a inflorescence amakulolani kusankha mtundu womwe mumakonda kapena kupanga kusakaniza kwathunthu kwa cineraria nokha. Omwe apanga naye zabwino amakhala lobelia, petunias, phlox, sage ndi marigold.
Milandu yogwiritsa ntchito inflorescence popanga maluwa ndi pafupipafupi. Nthambi yokhala ndi mitundu yowala yambiri imawoneka yabwino mu bokosi ndipo simatha nthawi yayitali.
