Saxifrage ndi chida chodabwitsa kwambiri chochokera ku banja la Saxifrage. Imatha kupulumuka ndikutuluka mumikhalidwe yomwe siyabwino kwa zamoyo zambiri. Ma Saxifrages amapezeka kumapeto kwa mapiri, pamiyala ndi pamiyala yamiyala. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha kuthekera kwayo kukhazikika m'makhwalala ang'onoang'ono ndikuwonongerako mwalawo ndi mizu yake. Komanso, mbewuyo imatchedwa "udzu-udzu." Mwachilengedwe, limamera mu nyengo yotentha ya gawo lonse la kumpoto kwa North America ndipo limalimidwa bwino m'minda ngati malo osungira.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Saxifrage ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri mpaka masentimita 570. Amakhala ndi mitengo yayitali kwambiri. Mbewuyi imadyetsedwa bwino ndi mizu yopyapyala, yophukira. Iwo ali m'munsi mwa njirazo, ndipo amaphatikizanso mu mawonekedwe a mphukira polumikizana ndi nthaka. Zotsatira zake, msuzi wotayirira umakula mwachangu kwambiri.
Masamba a Petiole amatengedwa mu rosette yoyambira. Amasiyana kwambiri pamtundu wina. Pulogalamu yofiyira kapena yachikopa imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana (ozungulira, owoneka ngati mtima, mawonekedwe amiyala, cirrus). Pali masamba osalala kapena pang'ono masamba a pubescent. Amapaka utoto wobiriwira, siliva, wamtambo kapena wamtambo. Masamba amaphimbidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zokutira zoyera, zimawonekera kwambiri m'mbali. M'malo mwake, awa ndi madongosolo osungira omwe amabisidwa ndi mbewuyo yomwe.
Mu Meyi-Ogasiti, saxifrage imakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Corolla yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olondola pa mivi yopindika yotalika mpaka 20 cm imasonkhanitsidwa mumantha. Amakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono tokhala ndi m'mphepete momveka, motero amafanana ndi nyenyezi kapena belu lotseguka. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto woyera, koma pamakhala achikaso, pinki ndi ofiira. Amapatsa fungo losangalatsa.
Saxifrage imavomerezedwa ndi tizilombo, komanso imakonda kudzipukuta mothandizidwa ndi mphepo. Mu Seputembala, zipatso zimamangidwa - mabokosi okhala ndi masamba ambiri okhala ndi nthangala zazifupi zooneka ngati mbendera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya saxifrage ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 450.
Arenda Saxifrages. Zomera zimapanga sods wowoneka bwino wobiriwira mpaka 20 cm. Timapepala totseguka tating'onoting'ono timagawidwa timitambo tating'ono. Mu Meyi-Juni, maluwa ang'onoang'ono owoneka bwino. Zomera zimalekerera ngakhale kwambiri chisanu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Flamingo - limamasula ndi masamba ofiira a pinki;
- Kapeti yoyera - ma panicle inflorescence otayirira okhala ndi mabelu oyera mpaka masentimita awiri pachimake pa chowombera chotsika chamdima chochepa;
- Kapeti wopukutira - mapesi amaluwa ndi maluwa enieniwo amapakidwa utoto kapena utoto, ndipo pakati pa bud ndi wachikasu.
Saxifrage ndi turfy. Maluwa amatulutsa pang'ono, koma amasiyanasiyana mbewa zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimatha kukula ngakhale m'nthaka yokhala acidic pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Kupambana - mu June wokutidwa ndi maluwa ofiira;
- Rose Kenigen - watulutsa maluwa owala a pinki.
Saxifraga paniculata. Mtoto wamtundu wa herbaceous wa 4-8 masentimita okwera mawonekedwe okongola a masamba opindulitsa a timapepala ta minofu tating'ono ta m'mphepete. Udzu utapakidwa utoto wonyezimira kapena wonyezimira. Chitani mantha inflorescence achikasu, ofiira kapena oyera mitundu imatuluka pachimake pakatikati pa muvi wautali.
Saxifrage ndi wapamwamba. Nthenga zakuda zobiriwira zakuda zimakhala mapilo 30-60 masentimita. M'mwezi wa June, maluwa akulu akulu amatuluka ndi masamba asanu ozungulira. Akatsegulidwa, amakhala opinki achikuda, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala ofiirira.
Saxifrage ndi mthunzi. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba mpaka 20cm chotalika chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtali wokhazikika. Timapepala totsika tokhala ndi mbali zosagwirizana pansi pake timakutidwa ndi banga. Mu Julayi mantha a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono amaphuka pamwamba pa tsamba rosettes. Pakatikati pawo ndi papo.
Saxifrage ndi mossy. Mphukira zophuka zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira kwambiri ndizophimba kwambiri. M'mphepete mwake mwa timapepala ta masamba obisika timaduladula mizere yopyapyala, motero pilo lokwanira limafanana ndi msambo. M'chilimwe, maluwa oyera amakhala oyera pachimake mpaka 6 cm.
Saxifrage imakhala yozungulira. Chophimba pansi chimapanga kapeti wobiriwira. Imakutidwa ndi masamba a petiole. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa oyera okhala ndi utoto wofiirira pamiyala imaphukira pa mivi mpaka 40 cm. Mithunzi yolimba komanso yolimbana ndi chisanu.
Kukula saxifrage kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbeu za Saxifrage zimakhalabe zamera kwa zaka zitatu. Asanafesere, ayenera kukhala ogwirizana. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu zosakanizidwa ndi mchenga zimayikidwa m'firiji kwa masiku 15-20. Choyamba zimafesedwa mbande. M'mwezi wa Marichi, muli ndi dothi komanso mchenga zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zikonzeke. Dothi limaphwanyidwa, ndipo mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri zosakanizidwa ndi mchenga zimabalalika pansi. Samafunika kuti aikidwe. Mbewu zimapakidwa ndi kuphimba ndi chivundikiro chowonekera.
Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2. Mbewu zachikale zokhala ndi masamba a 2-4 zimatsamira m'miphika ina ya peat. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mbande zimayamba kutulutsidwa masana kuti ziume. Ma Saxifrages amawokedwa m'malo otseguka koyambirira kwa June. Imachulukitsa mphukira, koma zimangomera zokha chilimwe chotsatira.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Mphukira zokwawa zimamera. Mizu imapangidwa m'mizere ya masamba yolumikizana ndi nthaka. Ndikokwanira kudula mphukira yochokera ku chomera cham'mimba ndipo, ndikuthira dothi, ndikusunthira kumalo ena. Moona pamitengo, ana amalovu amapangidwa ngakhale osakhudzana ndi nthaka. Amakula ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. Chapakatikati, mphukira imadulidwa ndikubzalidwa panthaka.
Mphukira 5-10 masentimita kutalika amadulidula kudula chilimwe. Itha kuzika mizu m'madzi kapena kumchenga kumasamba ndi dothi la peat. M'dzinja, chomera chodzaza bwino chimapezeka, koma sichinakonzekere kutchera mundawo m'munda. Amakulidwa m'nyumba ndipo pokhapokha kasupe wina adasinthidwa ndikuyenda mumsewu.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo
Saxifrages ndi zomera zabwino komanso odzipereka. Amadzala poyera, komanso ngati duwa lachipinda. Zomera zimakula bwino m'malo okhala ndi magetsi kapena pang'ono. Maenje osaya ndi okonzeka kukhala mbande m'mundamo mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Saxifrage siyikukula ndikuchokera munthaka, koma imakonda magawo ena otayirira, osakonzeka bwino pang'ono pang'ono. Kukumba dothi usanalime ndi laimu wosalala, miyala, mchenga ndi peat.
Maluwa amkati amabzalidwa masamba awiri awiri kuti apange chitsamba chowuma. Uziwachotsa ngati pakufunika, pamene duwa likhala pafupi mumphika. Kukula kwake kumasankhidwa kosaya, koma kwakukulu. Zinyalala, njerwa zosweka kapena dongo lokakulirakulira zimatsanuliridwa pansi ndi dothi lakuya.
Panthawi yogwira, kutentha kwapamwamba pa sosefera ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Kwa nthawi yozizira imatsitsidwa kuti + 12 ... + 15 ° C. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosavomerezeka siyolimbikitsa kuzizira pansipa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Ngati maluwa akunyumba amasungidwa nyengo yachisanu, kuwunikira kowonjezereka ndikofunikira, apo ayi zimayambira zimayambira kwambiri.
Saxifrage imamverera bwino ndi chinyezi chachikulu, kotero ma sod amafunika kuti azizilidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kutsirira kumachitika mwa kuwaza. Ndikofunika kuti inyowetse nthaka mosamala kuti madzi asasunthike pamizu, ndipo pamwamba pazikhala ndi nthawi yopukuta. Saxifrage imaphimba dothi lonse, chifukwa chake udzu suyenera kuti udzu uzikhala pafupi nawo. Imathandizanso namsongole kuchita bwino.
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nkhono za saxifrage zimaphatikizidwa kawiri pamwezi. Nthawi zambiri osinthika okhala ndi ma mineral complexes. M'nyengo yozizira, kuvala pamwamba kumapitilizidwa, koma kumachitika nthawi zambiri (miyezi 1.5-2 iliyonse).
Chomera chimakhala m'malo otentha popanda pogona. Ngakhale mphukira zina zimazizira nthawi yachisanu yopanda chisanu, mphukira zazing'onoting'ono zimatuluka kutulutsa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikutseka masamba a dothi pansi. Ma Peduncle amakhala chaka chimodzi chokha ndikuuma kumapeto.
Maluwa amkati amadulidwa pakati kumapeto kuti azitha kusunga chitsamba chokongoletsera kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma mulimonsemo, pambuyo pa zaka 5-6, mbewuyo imafunika kupangidwanso, chifukwa maziko a mphukira amatambasuka kwambiri ndikuwonekera.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ndi dampness kwambiri ndi madzi osayenda, saxifrage imakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi dzimbiri. Malo otentha amatha kuwonekeranso masamba. Popewa matenda otere, ndikofunikira kuti mbeu zisalemo m'chipinda chouma ndikuchepetsa. Masamba owonongeka ndi mphukira amadulidwa, ndipo mbali zotsalazo zimathandizidwa ndi "mkuwa wa sulfate" kapena fungicides.
Nthawi zina akangaude, mphutsi ndi nsabwe za m'madzi zimakhala m'matumba. Amazimiririka msanga mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ("Aktara", "Pyrimor") kapena yankho la sopo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Saxifrages
Kapeti wobiriwira wobiriwira, pomwe maluwa ofiira ndi oyera pamitengo yayitali amatuluka ngati abwinobwino, ali oyenera kuyang'ana malo amiyala, zitunda za mapiri ndi kukongoletsa masipon. Ma saxifrages amakongoletsa mosavuta ma voids komanso zokongoletsera m'malire. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kubzala mkati komanso ngati chomera chophatikizira. Othandizira saxifrage amatha kukhala phlox, tiarella, lingonberry kapena Chinese gentian.
Amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito saxifrage ngati mankhwala. Masamba ake ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya ma flavonoids, ma alkaloids, saponins, organic acid ndi coumarins. Decoctions amatengedwa ngati odana ndi kutupa, anti-febrile ndi analgesic. Ndi chithandizo chawo amachiza matenda a bronchitis, tonsillitis, gout, hemorrhoids, purras totupa ndi zilonda zamkhungu.
