Meadowgrass Meadow ndi chomera chamuyaya kuchokera kwa banja la Cereal. Imapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira kwambiri. Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chodyetsa, komanso poyang'anira malowa. Ndi udzu wopanda pake ndipo mitundu yake imawoneka udzu wabwino kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ku Russia, komanso ku Europe, Australia ndi America.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Bluegrass ndi chisa chamalengedwe chokhala ndi nthyole chomwera chomwe chimaloleza njira zake. Izi zimathandizira kufalikira kwa mbeuyo komanso kupanga matalala owonda. Zimayambira ndi kutalika kwa 30-90 masentimita. Amakula mokhazikika kapena kunama pang'ono. Mphukira ndizofewa kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti pakhale pabwino. Chikhalidwe chimayamba kukula nthawi yomweyo chipale chofewa chikuyenda, chomwe chili patsogolo pa achibale ena.
Masamba amapanga r basette woyambira, komanso yophimba zimayambira. Amakula mokhazikika. Chingwe cholumikizira chophimba chimakutidwa ndi mitsempha yofanana, kutalika kwake sikupitirira 4 mm.
Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-Julayi. Panicle 15-30 cm kutalika amapangidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde. Inflorescence yotayirira ya piramidi kapena yodutsa imakhala ndi spikelets zingapo paz nthambi zazitali za perpendicular. Amasonkhanitsidwa zidutswa 3-5. Kutalika kwa kalozera wa ovoid ndi 3-6 mm. Amakhala atavala utoto wamtundu wamtambo kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso wobisika pansi pamakala. Maluwa amayamba kuchokera zaka 2-3 ndipo amapezeka kamodzi pachaka.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yazomera
Mitundu ya Bluegrass imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 500 yazomera. Ena mwa iwo ndi gawo la zosakaniza za udzu.
Dera la Bluegrass. Chomera chokhala ndi nthangala yophukira chimakhala ndi tsinde limodzi. Kuyambitsa njira zoyambira zamitundu ina, zimayamba kukhala zolaula. Yogundika yopendekeka kutalika kwake imakula ndi 20-100 cm. Khutu ndi lotayirira, la piramidi. Masamba okhala ndi mzere wojambulidwa utoto wamtambo wobiriwira. M'lifupi mwake ndi 1.5-4 mm. Maluwa amapezeka mu June-Julayi. Chomera chimakhala dothi lonyowa, malo otentha komanso m'madzi abwino. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Sobra - emerald wobiriwira, osagwirizana ndi chilala;
- Pakati pausiku ndi mbewu yolephera kwambiri yoyenera minda ndi masewera;
- Mabulosi akutchire - zitsamba zosafunikira zokhala ndi kukana kwambiri kupondaponda ndi thonje lakuthwa;
- Konni - zitsamba zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndizachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kukongoletsa;
- Dolphin ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimba ndi masamba obiriwira amdima.
Buluu wamtambo ndi wopapatiza. Mtengowo ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wam'mbuyomu, komabe, umakhala ndi masamba okhazikika mpaka 1-2 mm mulifupi. Mphukira zathanzi zimatha ndikusautsidwa pang'ono. Masamba amalimbana ndi chilala, amapezeka m'mapiri ndi matalala owuma.
Bluegrass pachaka. Cereal imakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 1-2, imakhala yofewa, yolimba masentimita 5 mpaka 35. Chowonda, masamba ofungika ndi 0.5-4 mm m'lifupi mwake ali m'munsi mwa mphukira. Panicle lotayirira mpaka 6 cm wamtunda imakhala ndi ochepa a spikelets. Makutu olekanitsidwa amakutira ndi bristles olimba komanso pubescence yayitali. Limamasula mu Meyi ndipo limaphukira mpaka Seputembara. Imakula m'mphepete mwa msewu, pamchenga kapena pamwala.
Bluegrass wamba. Chomera chosatha ndi kutalika kwa 20-120 cm chimakhala ndi chidutswa chofinya komanso tsinde limodzi lokhazikika. Masamba 2-6 masentimita mulifupi amapaka utoto wowala bwino kapena wotuwa. Mu Juni-Julayi, phukusi lofalikira la piramidi limakhala lalitali masentimita 6 mpaka 20 pachimake. Zomera zimapezeka munthaka komanso dothi lonyowa, lomwe limakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamadzi.
Anyezi wa Bluegrass. Cereal 10-30 masentimita okwera amapanga mafupa osalala. Pafupifupi pansi pali dosili wowonda wa masamba obiriwira obiriwira 1-2 mm mulifupi. Chomeracho chimatha ndi kubowoleza, komanso kupindika kwa kutalika kwa 7 cm. Spikelets zomwe zimasandulika mababu zimapezeka munthambi zazifupi. Amatha kuzika mizu. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewuyi imatchedwanso "bluugrass viviparous." Spikelets ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena utoto.
Bluegrass steppe. Zomera zimapanga sodium wandiweyani wokhala ndi masamba angapo. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 15-50. Masamba ofikira mpaka 1.2 mm mulitali amapindidwa m'mbali ndi pansi ndipo amakutidwa ndi mitsempha yotupa. Panicle wamantha wandiweyani pakatikati pake samapitirira masentimita 10. Amakhala ndi timitengo tofupikitsa komanso ma spikelets amtundu wachikasu chobiriwira. Limamasula mu June.
Msambo wabuluu. Zomera zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Amakhala ndi kutalika kapena malo okhala masentimita 15-80 masentimita obiriwira obiriwira omwe amakhala m'munsi mwa mphukira. M'lifupi mwake ndi 2-3 mm. Pamwamba pa mphukirawo pali korona wofalikira mpaka kutalika kwa 20 cm. Spikelets imakutidwa ndi masikelo achikaso okhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi komanso pachimake mu Meyi.
Kukonza dothi ndikubzala
Udzu wa udzu umapezeka dambo lokhazikitsidwa ndi mbewu. Musanagule mbewu zambiri, muyenera kuziyang'ana kuti zimere. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zingapo zimasankhidwa, zimayikidwa mu chonyowa komanso scalded utuchi. Chotengera chija chimasiyidwa m'chipinda chowala kwambiri pamtunda wotsika + 20 ° C. Pakapita masiku angapo, mbewuzo zimamera. Ndikofunikira kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zidamera kuti ziwerenge zonse. Izi ndizomwe zimafunikira.
Kubzala koyamba kwa msambo wamtambo kumapangidwa m'njira yachisanu, ndiye kuti mu Ogasiti. Chifukwa chake chomerachi chizipanga nyengo yabwino yokwanira mbande zazing'ono zazing'ono. Pofika nyengo yamasika, kuphukira kwamphamvu kudzapangika, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, kutentha ndi chilala. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala buluu mu masika, chifukwa mbande zimatha kudwala chifukwa cha kuzizira kapena kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Musanabzale udzu, muyenera kukonzanso dothi mosamala. Kukumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 15, chotsani namsongole, miyala ndi zina zopanda pake. Madera akuluakulu amapatsidwa gawo limodzi. Dambo la Meadowgrass limakula bwino pazomera kapena panthaka ya mchenga. Mchenga umalimbikitsidwa ndi dothi lolemera. Samalani acidity. Bluegrass imamera pamtunda wosaloledwa kapena wamchere. Ngati ndi kotheka, laimu imawonjezeredwa pansi. Sizigwira ntchito kuti pakhale udzu wabwino kwambiri panthaka ya saline.
Asanafesere, mbewu zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi. Amatengedwa pamtunda wa makilogalamu 2-2,5 pamtunda wa mita zana. Kuyambira pakufesa mpaka mawonekedwe ofanana mbande yabwino, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Mukangofesa, chovala chapamwamba choyamba chimachitika. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma mineral complexes okhala ndi nitrogen komanso potaziyamu yambiri.
Chisamaliro cha Bluegrass
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, Bluegrass imafunikira chisamaliro mosamala. Iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse ndikuwunika mapangidwe a udzu. Kutsirira kumachitika kangapo pa sabata, komanso pachilala chachikulu - tsiku ndi tsiku. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yowaza.
Bluegrass imakula bwino m'malo otentha dzuwa. Mthunzi, ma turf amatha kukhala omasuka ndikumakula pang'onopang'ono. Kuti timathandizira kukula, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha kachilomboka kowirikiza, phangayo imadzaza palokha matanga pa udzu.
Kuti kapeti wobiriwira akhale wowoneka bwino, ayenera kudulidwa pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, kumeta tsitsi kumachitika kawiri pamwezi, kusiya masamba masentimita 5-8. Chifukwa chobwezeretsa mwachangu chivundikiro chobiriwira, udzu umabwezeretsedwa mwachangu. Sadzadandaula atasewera mpira, piyano mwachilengedwe komanso matayala amoto.
Chikhalidwe china chabwino cha Bluegrass ndi kukana kwake matenda ndi majeremusi. Ngakhale pamadothi osefukira, samadwala matenda a fungus.
Bluegrass ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi mbewu zina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti phala limakhala lankhanza kwambiri ndipo limatha kukhala pafupi ndi zitsamba zolimba ndi maluwa.
