Amitundu ndi udzu wotsika wokhala ndi maluwa odabwitsa, abuluu, achikaso ndi ofiira. Ma petals owala amawonetsa mithunzi yonse yomwe imapezeka kumwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, gentian ndi chomera chodziwika bwino mu wowerengeka ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka. Kupanga chomera komanso chothandiza kwambiri m'munda mwanu ndichofunika. Komanso, m'maiko ambiri zalembedwa mu Red Book. Wachikunja adalandira dzina lake chifukwa cha kukoma kowawa kwambiri. Zomera zake ndi za Amitundu. Mu mtundu, pali mitundu yoposa mazana atatu yomwe imagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Simungakumane ndi anthu okhawo pokhapokha ku Antarctica ndi Africa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Akunja akuimiridwa ndi mbewu zosatha komanso pachaka. Imadyetsedwa ndi nthata yayitali komanso yopyapyala. Njira zopangidwa ndi chingwe zimatulutsa kuchokera pansi mpaka m'nthaka. Duwa limatha kukhala ngati chitsamba kapena udzu. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumangokhala 5,5 cm, ngakhale pali mitundu mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 m. Pa zolimba, zimayambira zazifupi, masamba oyang'ana sessile amapezeka. Masamba a masamba nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wakuda. Amakhala ndi lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu komanso kumapeto.
Pamwamba pa tsinde kuchokera pamavuto amaso, maluwa amodzi kapena maluwa ochepa otulutsa maluwa. Kutengera ndi mitunduyi, imatha kuwoneka kumayambiriro kwamasika kapena kugwa koyambirira. Korona wa duwa amafanana ndi belu ndipo amakhala ndi chubu chomata. M'mphepete mwa miyala yopyapyala ndikugwada kumbali ndikubwereza mawonekedwe anyenyezi isanu yakutsogolo. Maluwa a anthu amitundu yambiri amapaka utoto wamtambo wamtambo wamtambo, komanso utoto wofiirira, wachikaso kapena zoyera.
Kupukuta kumapangidwa ndi tizilombo, amenenso amatenga mungu, chifukwa gentian ndi mbewu yabwino ya uchi. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi laling'ono la mbewu lomwe lili ndi mbewu zazing'ono zambiri.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Rhizome ya Amitundu ndi mphukira zimakhala ndi ma alkaloids ambiri, glycosides ndi zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pazamoyo. Chifukwa cha izi, chomerachi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ngati mankhwala, chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza mankhwala azamankhwala. Zojambula zakunja za Amitundu ndikukonzekera zimakhala ndi choleretic yambiri, chiyembekezo, anti-yotupa, chosangalatsa.
Akunja amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi mavuto monga:
- kutsokomola
- kukokana
- nyamakazi;
- scurvy;
- kutsegula m'mimba
- chisangalalo;
- kuchepa magazi
- malungo.
Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatsogolera kukuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa, chisangalalo, chizungulire.
Mitundu yazomera
Mu mtundu gentian adalembetsa mitundu 359. Pafupifupi 90 mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
Wamitundu ndi wachikasu. Chomera chachikulu mpaka 1.5 m wamtali chimakhala ndi phesi lolunjika. Pansi pake amakonzedwa ndi rosette yoyambira ya masamba akuluakulu ozungulira. Zomera pafupi ndi tsinde ndizochulukirapo. Maluwa ambiri achikasu amatengedwa mu axillary inflorescence a kumtunda kwachitatu kwa tsinde. Maluwa amapezeka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Mphukira iliyonse yotalika 25 mm imakhala ndi miyala yolowera. Maluwa kumatenga masiku 50.
Ammonmonni (wamba). Mtengowo umakhala ndi tsinde lopindika, lopendekeka pang'ono la 25-50 masentimita. Masamba otambalala kapena apakatikati amapezeka pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri pamlingo wonsewo. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi masentimita 3-7. Maluwa owonjezera amaphatikizidwa kumtunda kwa tsinde. Belu looneka ngati belu 1.5-2 masentimita kutalika kwake ndi miyala yamkati. Amapakidwa utoto wakuda kwambiri wamtambo, mkati wamkati pali zanzeru zobiriwira zobiriwira. Limamasula mu Julayi-August.
Daurian gentian. Mitunduyi imakhala yofewa, yowongoka kapena yofikira malo aubweya wa 25 mpaka 40. Imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa akulu amdima akuda amasonkhana m'mitundu yaying'ono ya apical inflorescence. Amachita maluwa mu Julayi ndipo amatulutsa mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Chomera chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudula ndi kupanga maluwa.
Wamitundu-woboola pakati (wopingidwa ndi mtanda). Chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yotsika komanso cholema chotalika mpaka masentimita 50. Chimakutidwa ndi masamba aatali. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono owoneka ngati belu mkati ndi ang'onoang'ono. Kunja, ubweya wonyezimira wobiriwira umakhala ponseponse. Maluwa amapezeka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.
Wachikunja. Pa phesi lokwera mpaka 80 masentimita, pali masamba owoneka ngati mazira okhala ndi m'mphepete. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 66. M'makola amitengo yapamwamba pamipu ya maluwa ndi maluwa amodzi akulu. Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 5. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala ya buluu-violet kapena yoyera, yophatikizidwa ndi kapu yopapatiza. Masamba amatsegulidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Wachigololo wamkulu. Chomera chimakhala cholimba kapena chowumbika chotalika 40-70 masentimita. Masamba amasonkhana pansi ndipo osowa. Magawo a masamba ozungulira amatha kufika 20-30 cm kutalika ndi 18-30 cm mulifupi. Maluwa amatengedwa mumitundu yowala ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Kutalika kwa mabelu amtambo wa buluu ndi 1.5-2 masentimita. Limamasula mu Julayi-August.
Wosapemphera wa Amitundu (Koch). Mitundu yaying'ono yamapiri ndi kutalika kosaposa 10 cm imawoneka bwino kwambiri. Masamba osasinthika amtundu wowala wobiriwira amatengedwa mu basal rosettes. Maluwa akuluakulu amtundu wa buluu, wabuluu kapena oyera mtundu pachimera pamwamba pawo kumapeto kwa masika. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndipo zimatha mpaka miyezi 1.5.
Wamitundu wagawika zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mitundu yopanda tanthauzo imeneyi imamera ndi chitsamba chachikulu mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm. Maluwa okhala ndi masamba amtambo wamtambo wamaluwa amamera pachimera. Danga la belu ndi masentimita 5-7. Limaphuka pakati pa Juni.
Njira zolerera
Kubala kwa Amitundu kumatha kuchitika ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zimakhalabe zotheka kwa miyezi 6-12. Musanafike pamtunda, pamafunika kuzimiririka. Mbewu zimayikidwa pamalo abwino komanso kutentha kwa mpweya osaposa + 7 ° C. Mitundu yomwe imakonda kutentha, mwezi umodzi ndi wokwanira, mitundu ya zipatso za alpine itha kufunika kwa miyezi iwiri. Nthawi imeneyi, njere zimayenera kukhala dothi lamchenga. Mutha kuwabzala mu kugwa, koma osawaika m'munda, koma angowakankha. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, mbewu zimafesedwa munthaka yonyowa ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa + 20 ° C. Mphukira zimawonekera m'masiku 15-20.
Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, tchire lokulira titha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Ndondomeko ikuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza gentian siyilekerera. Ndikofunika kusunga chipinda chadothi. Zomera zatsopano zimasinthidwa mosamala kupita kumalo atsopano. Pambuyo pozomera, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbande zochuluka.
Mitundu ina yachikunja imabwereketsa kudula. Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kudula pamwamba pa tsinde kapena njira yotsogola ndi 1-2 internodes. Mizu imachitika m'madzi kapena pamchenga wamchenga. Izi zimatha kupitilira mwezi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, phesi liyenera kuthiriridwa mosamala. Kotero kuti chinyezi chimatuluka chochepa, chimakutidwa ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena chikwama. Ndikofunikira kupatsirana chomera tsiku lililonse. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, mbande zimayikidwa pamalo osatha m'mundamo.
Malamulo Osamalira
Wachikunja m'chilengedwe ndi mbewu yolimba, yokonzeka kusintha nyengo zovuta. Kalanga, pachikhalidwe chake chimatchuka kwambiri. Mitundu imaphatikiza mitundu ndi malo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake amafunika kusamalidwa mosiyanasiyana.
Kuwala Amitundu amakonda kupanga ziweto pansi pa dzuwa lotseguka (kasanu ndi kawiri, daurian, mtanda, chikasu) kapena mumthunzi wocheperako (crotch). Mithunzi yakuya imaphatikizidwa kwa mbewu zonse.
Kutentha Tchire zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala nyengo yofunda komanso nyengo yachisanu, kotero sizifunikira malo ogona. Amakonda kulekerera chisanu ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Dothi. Akunja amakonda mitundu yosavuta, yopanda chonde ndi chonde chochepa. Kwa iye, dothi lamchenga kapena loamy lophatikiza ndi miyala yaying'ono ndiloyenera. Asanralral amasankhidwa. Mtundu wachikasu komanso wosasunthika amafunika mulching yowonjezera ndi miyala ya miyala. Mosasamala mtundu, kusuntha kwamadzi ndikosavomerezeka.
Kuthirira. Zomera zimafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Panthawi yachilala, kuthirira tsiku lililonse madzi ochepa kungakhale kofunikira.
Feteleza. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, gentian imalimbikitsidwa kuti imeretsedwe pamwezi ndi theka la feteleza wa mchere. Gwiritsani ntchito nyimbo kuti mulimitse maluwa. Ngati dothi lachonde mokwanira, mutha kuchita popanda kuthira feteleza.
Amitundu m'munda
Amitundu amakhala bwino m'malo amiyala ndi m'matanthwe. Chifukwa chake amawoneka wachilengedwe kwambiri. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogulikirako, ndiye kuti kapeti yolimba ikhoza kugawira gawo lomwe linapatsidwa. Adzakondwera ndi miyala ya safiro, yomwe sicipezeka mwachilengedwe.
M'munda wamaluwa, mbewu zazitali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati, ndi mitundu yotsika patsogolo. Pafupi ndi iwo akuyenera kuyikika maluwa kapena zokongoletsera zomwe sizimakula kwambiri. Imatha kukhala sage, sedge, mabelu. Mutha kubzala mitengo mwachangu pamaso pa zitsamba zobiriwira komanso zowola. Kuyandikira kwa mbewu zazing'anga zazing'onoting'ono ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
