Kolumneya ndi chomera chanthete chachikulu chokhala ndi mphukira za pubescent ndi maluwa owala. Pazomwe zimapangidwira mtengo, kolumayo nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "golide". Mtengowu ndi wobadwa ku Latin America, pomwe umapezeka m'nkhalango zokongola m'nkhalango zowirira. Columnia ndi ya banja la a Gesneriaceae ndipo amatha kudzitamandira chifukwa chosadzionetsera.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Kolumneya ndi masamba osatha okhala ndi mizu ya fibrous. Mu chilengedwe, ma columnae ndi ma epiphytes kapena ma semi-epiphytes ndipo amapezeka mumtunda wa makungwa a mitengo. Mphukira zazing'ono zimawongoleredwa m'mwamba, koma m'mene zimakulirakulira, zimayamba kutsika. Mitengo ya brittle brittle imatha kutalika masentimita 7-10. Amakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a petiole. Tsamba lokhala ndi mtima kapena ovoid limakhala ndi glossy, magawo osalala komanso nsonga yowongoka. Nthambi ndi petioles nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi utoto wowonda. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 2-10 cm.
Maluwa amapezeka nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika, nthawi yachilimwe ikadzabwera kummwera. Maluwa amodzi okha mu tchire amasintha pakatikati pa mphukira. Mitundu yawo ya petals imapakidwa pinki, totacotta, lalanje kapena chikasu. Masamba awiri okhala ndi maluwa awiriwa amafanana ndi maluwa okongola a orchid. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 4-6 cm.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya kolumna
Mitundu yoposa 190 yalembedwa mu columnaeus. Ambiri aiwo amakhala m'chilengedwe. Mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyoyenera kulima m'nyumba:
Columnia Carnival. Mtengowu umakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Nthawi yamaluwa, mipesa imakutidwa ndi maluwa owala achikasu ndi malire ofiira pamiyala.
Kolumney Allen. Chomera cha herbaceous ichi chimamera msanga mpaka mamita 7. masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira amapangika pawiriawiri. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala.
Kolumneya Krakatau. Mphukira zamtundu wankhambowu zimakwezedwa kuchokera pansi. Amakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, owonda amtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Maluwa autali wapakatikati amapaka utoto wofiirira.
Kolumneya magazi ofiira. Mawonekedwe osakanika amtali ali ndi mipesa yambiri komanso masamba akulu. Pali malo ofiira kumbuyo kwa masamba. Maluwa a Scarlet amasonkhanitsidwa m'm inflorescence yaying'ono ndipo amapezeka m'mizere ya masamba.
Columnae Banks. Mphukira mpaka 1 mita kutalika yokutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okongola a mtundu wobiriwira. Pakati pawo, pakati pa maluwa, maluwa okongola achikasu a malalanje amatulutsa mpaka 6 cm.
Columnia ndi ulemelero. Mphukirayo imakutidwa ndi masamba, masamba amtundu wobiriwira. Pamwamba pawo pali maluwa akuluakulu ofiira ofiira.
Kolumney Shida. Chomera chimakhala ndi mipesa yamtundu, yosinthika ndi pubescence yofiyira pang'ono. Villi yofiira imaphimbanso kumbuyo kwa masamba obiriwira odera. Kutalika kwa mphukira pachikhalidwe chake ndi 1.5 m, ndipo masamba ndi masentimita 10. Maluwa amapangidwa kutalika konse kwa mpesa ndipo amapakidwa chikasu.
Kuswana
Njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira kolamu kunyumba ndiyo kuzika mizu kwa odulidwa. M'mwezi wa February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi, amadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhala osachepera 5-6 masentimita, ndikofunikira kusiya masamba 4-6 pamenepo. Mizu imachitika mu dothi losakaniza ndi peat.
Mbande zimasungidwa pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Amafunika kuthirira okwanira tsiku lililonse. Pomwe mizu yaying'ono ikamera ndi masamba awiri atsopano, mabambowo amatha kuwaika m'miphika yaying'ono pamalo okhazikika.
Kufalitsa mbewu ku Kolumna ndi ntchito yopweteka kwambiri yomwe siimatha kutha bwino. Alimi odziwa maluwa okha ndi omwe amatha kusankha zochita. Mbewu ziyenera kumera mu wowonjezera kutentha mu chisakanizo cha mchenga. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, amawaika pansi ndikuphwanya pang'ono. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa nthawi zonse kutentha + 24 ... + 26 ° C. Ventilate ndikunyowetsa nthaka tsiku lililonse. Kuwombera kumaonekera mkati mwa masabata 1-3. Zitatha izi, ndikofunikira kusamutsa mbande kupita pamalo owala, koma kuti ndikhale mthunzi kuchokera pakuwala kwadzuwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya fluorescent. Zomera zomwe zimaphuka ndi masamba 4 zimasinthidwa popanda kuthawira kumalo okhazikika.
Malamulo akumalo
Columnae ali ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso wosamala. Pambuyo pakugula, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndizitha kuziyika. M'tsogolomu, zosinthira pafupipafupi sizofunikira. Ndikokwanira kuchita izi mizu ikamakula. Mphika umasankhidwa wapakatikati komanso wosaya. Pansi pazikhala mipata yazotulutsira madzi. Choyamba, dothi lakuya lazinthu zimayikidwa, kenako zosakaniza za dothi zimatsanuliridwa. Muthagula malo opangidwa ndi semi-epiphytes kapena kudzipanga nokha. Kwa iye mudzamufuna:
- malo otetemera (magawo 4);
- pepala lamtundu (zigawo 4);
- peat (magawo awiri);
- chisakanizo cha mchenga, moss-sphagnum, makala (1 gawo).
Thirani ndikuchitika ndi njira ya transshipment ya dothi chikomokere, kuti kuvulala woonda mizu.
Chisamaliro cha Columnia
Kusamalira mzati kunyumba kumafuna kusankha malo oti mbewuyo idatsidwe. Liana amafunika magetsi owala ndipo amawoneka bwino pafupi ndi kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Munthawi ya maluwa, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumafunikira. Ndiosafunika kutenga mzati kumweya watsopano, komanso sakonda kuwunika mwachindunji ndipo amawopa kukonzekera.
M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwa mtengowo ndi + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Itha kumera pafupipafupi m'malo otentha, koma pokhapokha yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzirala kumalimbikitsidwa mpaka + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Amathandizira pakupanga maluwa.
Wokhala m'malo otentha amafunafuna chinyezi. Mlingo wofunikira ndi 80-90%. Kuti mukwaniritse, njira zilizonse ndizoyenera:
- kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi;
- zodzikongoletsera;
- mapaketi okhala ndi miyala yonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsa;
- akasupe am'madzi ndi akasupe.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira calar ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono a madzi ofewa. Gawo lokhalo la gawo lapansi liyenera kuwuma, koma kusayenda kwamadzi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Madzi okhala ndi mandimu osavomerezeka, amatha kuwononga mbewu.
Munthawi yazomera zomwe zimagwira ntchito (Epulo-Okutobala), Columnae amafunika feteleza wa mchere. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi azomera zamkati, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumamenyedwa m'madzi ambiri ndikuyambitsa pansi, kupewa kukhudzana ndi masamba.
Kwa zaka zingapo, a liana amatha kutambalala ndikulephera kukopa. Kutalikitsa ubwana wake, kudulira kumachitika pambuyo pa maluwa aliwonse. 30-50% ya kutalika kwa mpesa uyenera kuchotsedwa. Muyeneranso kudula maluwa owuma, masamba ndi mphukira. Komabe, pankhaniyi, pambuyo pa zaka 5-7, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mzatiwo.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ndikathirira kwambiri pamaphukira ndi mizu, zowola imvi zimatha kupezeka. Zimabweretsa chiopsezo chomera. Ngati malo achitetezo ndi ochepa, muyenera kudula mphukira zodwala, ndikuziika ndi colamu ndikuwachitira ndi fungicide. Muzochitika zapamwamba, zodulidwa zathanzi zimadulidwa, ndipo chomeracho chimatha.
Nthawi zina pamasamba amadzimbidwe mumatha kupeza nsabwe za m'masamba, kupindika, ma scute ndi nthata za akangaude. Kuwaza ndi njira yothandiza tizilombo kumathandiza kuchotsa majeremusi.
