Melaleuka, wotchedwanso mtengo wa tiyi, ndimtengo wawung'ono kapena chitsamba chophuka ndi fungo labwino. Zomera zokongola komanso ma inflorescence owala zimapangitsa chomera kuti chikhale chokongola kwambiri kwa wamaluwa. Melaleuka ali ponseponse pakukula kwa Australia ndi Great Britain, ndipo nyengo yotentha imakula bwino ngati chomera chachikulu chamkati ndi dimba.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Melaleuka ndi wa mtundu waukulu wam'banja la Myrtle. Tchire tating'onoting'ono kapena mitengo yayitali imakhala ndi fungo labwino. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mitengoyo kumafika mamita 25. Thunthu ndi nthambi zake zimakutidwa ndi khungwa loonda la bulauni kapena laimvi. Imawonongeka mosavuta ndikusenda, ndikupanga cholembera cha pepala.
Masamba pafupipafupi a petiole amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ocheperako komanso amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Kutalika kwa masamba kumatha kufika 12 cm, ndipo m'lifupi simapitilira 5 mm. Kutali, masamba ofunda onsewo ali ngati singano. M'mphepete mwa tsamba la masamba pali tiziwalo tating'ono tomwe timatulutsa mafuta ofunikira. Mafuta a Melaleuka ali ndi katundu wotchedwa bactericidal komanso chopatsa mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamankhwala ndi cosmetology.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amasonkhana pamalo ozungulira kapena owonjezera inflorescence. Mtundu wachikasu, kirimu kapena wapinki wokhala ndi masamba ochepa, ofanana ndi mtunda wautali wofanana ndi burashi Ma inflorescence amapangidwa pa mphukira zazing'ono ndipo amatha kusinthana ndi masamba. Momwe maluwa amathere, nthambi ikhoza kupitirirabe.
Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi manda asanu ndi zovala za stamens. Zisindikizo zimatha kugwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mbalame zazitali zimakopa tizilombo, mbalame zazing'ono, ngakhale mileme. Melaleuka ndi chomera chabwino.
Maluwa atatha, makapisozi olimba okhala ndi njere zazing'ono zambiri amakhalabe panthambi. Amakhala otsekeka kwambiri ndipo sagwa ngakhale atakhwima kwathunthu. Mbewu zimakhalabe zotheka kwa nthawi yayitali, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwera pansi pokhapokha mbewu ya mayi itafa.
Malingaliro odziwika
Masiku ano, pali mitundu 240 ya melaleuka, oimira otsatirawa afalikira kwambiri mchikhalidwe:
Melaleuka ndi mtengo wopanda mtengo kapena mtengo wa kayuputovy. Mtengowo uli ndi mtengo wamtali (mpaka 25 m) wokhala ndi korona wofalikira. Makungwa owonda kwambiri amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Lifupi masamba ake amaphimba nthambi zazing'ono ndipo amazikika ndi ma cylindrical inflorescence oyera.
Melaleuka imapanga mtengo wokongola mpaka 8 m.Ndi mitundu iyi yamafuta ofunikira kwambiri pomwe amapezeka, motero amadzala kuti azigulitsa. Khungwa loonda, lopanda kanthu limaphimba thunthu. Pa nthambi zazing'ono, masamba obiriwira owala bwino ndi maluwa oyera oyera amatengedwa.
Asanu-mela melaleuka ali ndi masamba owongoka kwambiri okhala ndi mitsempha isanu. Kutalika kwa mtengo wachikulire ndi mamita 9 mpaka 19. Kumapeto kwa nthambi, mitsempha ya cylindrical yamithunzi yoyera kapena beige. Masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa misewu, kupaka matupi amadzi ndi kukonza madambo.
Melaleuka diosmifolia Oyenera kukula pakhomo. Mtengowo umapanga chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba abwino a singano. Chapakatikati, masentimita amchere otentha amaphulika.
Melaleuk Preuss akuyimira mphukira wopanda mphamvu 1.5m m, wokutidwa ndi masamba okulirapo kutalika konse. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembera, mbewuyo imakondwera ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa kirimu.
Flaxseed melaleuka amapanga mtengo waufupi. Nthambi zake zazing'ono ndizophimbidwa ndi masamba ena obiriwira obiriwira ofanana ndi masamba a nyale. Kutalika kwa tsamba lililonse ndi 2-4,5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 4 mm. M'nyengo yotentha, infloresy yoyera yofikira mpaka 4cm imakhala pachimake pamphepete mwa nthambi.
Melaleuk nesofila ili ndi mawonekedwe ngati chitsamba chofalikira ndi masamba opindika. Kutalika kwa tsamba kumangokhala masentimita awiri okha. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya utoto wofiirira.
Melaleuka Arminalis (chibangili) Amakula momwe mtengo umatalika mpaka 9 metres. Mtengowo uli ndi korona yopindika ya masamba obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira. Patsamba, nthambi zowoneka ngati zotuwa kapena zofiirira mpaka 5 cm zimapangidwa.
Melaleuka bracteata. Thunthu la mtengo mpaka mpaka 9 m limakutidwa ndi khungwa laimvi lokhala ndi mikwingwirima, yopindika. Masamba ndi utoto wakuda ndi utoto wotuwa. Ma cylindrical inflorescence amapangidwa ndi maluwa a kirimu.
Njira zolerera
Kubwezeretsanso kwa melaleuka kumachitika mosavuta ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zimasonkhanitsidwa mutatha maluwa, kutulutsidwa m'mabokosi ndikusungidwa mu thumba la pepala. Kuti muchite bwino, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwayike pa minofu yonyowa kwa tsiku limodzi. Pofesa, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi ambiri okhala ndi dothi labwino. Mbewu zofesedwa m'maenje mpaka akuya masentimita 2-4. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusiyidwa pamalo otentha. Mfuti zimayamba kuwonekera patatha milungu iwiri. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba 4 enieni zimabisala mumiphika yaying'ono ya dziko lapansi kwa mbeu zazikulu.
Mizu yodzidulira ndiyosavuta. Ndikokwanira kudula mphukira zazing'ono kutalika kwa 15 masentimita kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Phesi yapamwamba imakutidwa ndi mtsuko.
Zosamalidwa
Melaleuka wakula ngati chomera m'nyumba kapena dimba. Mitundu ina imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -7 ° C. Mtengowu umakonda nthawi yayitali masana ndikuwala. Mchipindacho chiyenera kuti chithunzithunzi kuyambira dzuwa litalowa. M'mundamo, mtengo ungabzalidwe pamalo oonekera, chifukwa mitsinje ya mpweya wabwino imateteza masamba kuti asayake.
Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge makope amkati pakhonde kapena m'mundamo. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mtengowo ndi + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Kwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kusamutsa melaleuka kumalo abwino ozizira ndi kutentha kwa + 7 ... + 9 ° C. Dothi lozungulira munda melaleuk nthawi yachisanu limakhazikika mu masamba ogwa.
Melaleuka amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, chifukwa chake amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, komabe, madzi owonjezera amayenera kutuluka momasuka kuti mizu yake isavunda. Pamwamba pokha ndi pouma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsitsidwa.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, kawiri pamwezi, melaleuka amafunika kudyetsedwa. Manyowa ocheperako amawonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zamaluwa, mitengo ya mchira kapena mitengo yokongoletsera.
Chomera chimafunikira kupereka chinyezi chambiri. Miphika yozizira sitilimbikitsidwa kuti siyosiyidwa pafupi ndi radiators. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mathirakitala okhala ndi timiyala tonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsidwa ndikulandilidwa.
Melaleuka ikukula mwachangu, motero iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri. Pansi pa miphika yayikulu ndi yakuya pali malo okumbikakumbika komanso nthaka yopepuka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lomalizidwa kapena konzekerani zosakaniza zanu pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- peat;
- mchenga;
- malo owombera.
Melaleuka amafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi, apo ayi ayamba kukula ndikukula kwambiri. Masamba ndi maluwa amaphimba ang'onoang'ono mphukira. Pochita kudulira, mitengo yokhala ndi tsamba lakuthwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengowo umalekerera njirayi ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wambiri.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Vuto lodziwika bwino ndi melaleuka ndi zowola. Pakangoyamba kuwola, mbewuyo imayenera kukumbidwa, mizu yake yomwe imatembenuka ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito ndi yankho la antifungal. Dothi limasinthidwa kwathunthu ndikuthilira kumachepetsedwa pang'ono. Kuti alipirire kufooketsa mpweya, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa gawo la korona.
Nthawi zina mtengo wa tiyi umavutika ndi vuto la akangaude. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kuwononga mbewu. Pomwe masamba ndi mizere yaying'ono kwambiri itawonekera pamasamba, tizilomboti tiyenera kuthandizira nthawi yomweyo (Actelik, Masai, Akarin).
