Brunfelsia ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri komanso chobiriwira komanso chowala chomwe chimapanga chitsamba chomata. Pakutha maluwa, zimayambira ndizophimba ndi chipewa chamitundu yowala. Dzuwa litalowa, duwa limakopa ndi fungo labwino komanso labwino kwambiri, lomwe tingaliyerekezere ndi mafuta onunkhira. Kwawo kwa mbewuyo ndi malo otentha aku America, pomwe Brunfelsia imagunda mitima ya wamaluwa ndikugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano simuyenera kuchita ulendo wautali kuti musangalale ndi fungo lake ndikusirira maluwa okongola. Ndikokwanira kubwera ku sitolo ndikugula cutlery ya brunfelsia.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Brunfelsia ndi mtengo wamuyaya womwe umapanga chitsamba chamtengo kapena mtengo wawung'ono. Ndi gawo la banja la nightshade ndipo pamafunika kugwiridwa mosamala, popeza msuzi wake ndi woopsa kwambiri. Kumudzi, m'malo otentha a Central ndi South America, brunfelsia imakula mpaka kutalika kwa 1-3 m ndipo imatha kupanga mtengo wawung'ono, koma m'mitunda yathu, ndikulima kwa nyumba ndi munda, imapereka kakulidwe kakang'ono pachaka ndipo kawirikawiri sikakula mpaka 1 m.
Mpweya wa Brunfelsia ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, nthambi, ndipo mizu imayamba kukhala yolimba. Nthambi zokhazikitsidwa kuchokera pansi ndipo zakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira owala. Masamba ake ndi achikopa, ali ndi petioles yaying'ono ndipo amamangiridwanso ku tsinde. Kutalika kwa masamba kungakhale masentimita 5-30. Tsamba lamasamba limakhala losalala, losalala. Brunfelsia imapinda masamba mkati mwa mtsempha, motero amafanana ndi buku lotseguka.
Maluwa amayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja ndipo amatenga mpaka Meyi. Kuchokera pama axel a masamba, inflorescence imawoneka pa peduncle yaying'ono, momwe muli masamba a 5-8. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi timiyala 5 tomwe timasungidwa chubu lalitali. Dongosolo la corolla ndi masentimita 5. Mphepete mwake mwa matumbawo mumakhala kuzungulira mozungulira ndikuzungulira mbali zonse. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amapaka utoto wofiirira. Mphukira iliyonse, ikatsegulidwa, imakhala ndi mthunzi wolemera, koma mkati mwa masiku awiri pang'ono pang'ono imasunthika ndikufota ndi maluwa ofanana ndi chipale chofewa. Brunfelsia imaphuka kwambiri, koma thumba lililonse limangokhala masiku atatu okha, pachitsamba chimodzi pamakhala maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Maluwa akazirala, zipatso za lalanje zimapezeka m'malo mwake. Mbeu zazing'ono zimabisala zamkati mwake. Zipatso ndizopweteka kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Brunfelsia
Mu Brunfelsia, pali mitundu 50 ya mbewu, mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yotere:
- Brunfelsia otsika maluwa Imawoneka ngati chitsamba chaching'ono kwambiri chomwe chimatha kutulutsa chaka chonse. Kuchuluka kwama inflorescence kumatha kuphimba masamba ndi zimayambira.
Brunfelsia otsika maluwa - Brunfelsia lalikulu-maluwa (Brunfelsia grandiflora) - Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, yosakanizidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu. Lingaliro limawonedwa ngati lokongola kwambiri ndipo limamasula kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala. Maluwa okhala ndi ma gramophones akuluakulu amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu.
Brunfelsia lalikulu-maluwa (Brunfelsia grandiflora) - Brunfelsia waku Australia Oyenera kukula m'munda. Tchire chake yaying'ono munyengo zamaluwa zimakutidwa ndi chipewa chamaluwa akuluakulu. Dongosolo lililonse la corolla limakwana 6 cm.
Brunfelsia waku Australia - Brunfelsia americana wotchuka ndi fungo lake lamphamvu usiku. Mphukira zimapaka utoto yoyera, koma pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zonona ndi zachikasu.
Brunfelsia americana - Brunfelsia idayamba maluwa imasiyana osati maluwa akuluakulu (mpaka 12 cm mulifupi), komanso masamba owonda kwambiri komanso aatali.
Brunfelsia idayamba maluwa - Brunfelsia calicyna var floribunda Ndiye tchire lomwe limamera ndi tsinde lake. Masamba ndi lanceolate, ndipo maluwa ndi okulirapo, ofiirira.
Brunfelsia calicyna var floribunda - Brunfelsia Hopa (hopeana) Ndi shrub wamkulu (mpaka 2 m kutalika) wokhala ndi nthambi zamphamvu ndi masamba a lanceolate. Maluwawo amakhala akuda buluu ndipo kenako amakhala oyera.
Brunfelsia Hopa (hopeana) - Brunfelsia Uniflora namera mchitsamba chachikulu, koma maluwawo amakhala payekha ndipo amasiyanasiyana kakulidwe kakang'ono (mpaka 2,5 cm). M'mphepete mwa nsombazo ndi wofiirira kapena wabuluu, ndipo chubu imakhalabe yoyera. Pang'onopang'ono, mbali zonse za bud zimasandulika zoyera.
Brunfelsia Uniflora
Poiz ndi mankhwala
Brunfelsia ndi wa banja la nightshade. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbali zonse za chomera ndizopweteka kwambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa kwa ziweto komanso munthu mwiniyo. Komabe, zazing'onozing'ono, madzi a Brunfelsia amatha kukhala ndi machiritso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala:
- kutsegula kwa dongosolo la zamankhwala;
- kupweteka
- kuthana ndi malungo;
- kusazindikira kwa mabala;
- kuwongolera;
- kuyeretsa chiwindi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito brunfelsia pamankhwala achikhalidwe kumakhala ndi zovuta zowopsa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala achilengedwe.
Kuswana
Brunfelsia imatha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mbewu zopanda akuwotcha zimafesedwa munthaka yonyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Kutsirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika tsiku lililonse ndipo malo ogona tsiku lililonse amachotsedwa nthawi yochepa. Mu wowonjezera kutentha muzisunga kutentha kwa +18 ° C. Brunfelsia kuchokera kumbewu imawonekera patatha milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pakatha masiku 14, mbewuzo amazimbira ndikuziika m'miphika ingapo.
Kufalikira kwa brunfelsia ndi kudulidwa ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kudula nthambi yokhazikika, pomwe osachepera atatu. Zidukazi zimanyowa munjira yolimbikitsa ndikuzibzala m'nthaka yopepuka, yonyowa. Dongosolo la mizu likupitirirabe, nthambi imakutidwa ndi kanema kapena mtsuko. Kutentha kokwanira ndi +25 ° C; muyenera kulimbitsa mmera tsiku lililonse. Mizu imawonekera patatha milungu 6.
Chisamaliro cha Brunfelsia
Kuti mukule bwino kwambiri brunfelsia, chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira. Sitingathe kutcha chomera chosazindikira, koma zoyesayesa zonse zimayambiranso bwino pamene masamba onunkhira amatulutsa.
Brunfelsia imafunikira masana komanso yowala, ngakhale yosasinthika, yowala. Dzuwa lowongoka limayambiranso masamba ndikuwotcha. M'nyumba, kuyikidwa pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndikusankhidwa. Chomera sichimawopa kutentha, koma kuzirala mpaka +9 ° C kapena kuchepera kungamuvulaze.
Kusamalira Brunfelsia kunyumba kumaphatikizapo kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kunyowetsa. Wokhala m'malo otentha azitha kukhala kovuta mu kamphepo kouma ka nthawi yachisanu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewuyo tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi madzi.
Pobzala Brunfelsia, osakaniza tsamba ndi turf lapansi wokhala ndi peat ndi mchenga wamtsinje amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lokhazikika lopangira maluwa, omwe amagulitsidwa mu shopu yamaluwa. Kuti chitsamba chisangalale, sankhani miphika yayikulu, yakuya. Denga lamadzi liyenera kuyikidwa pansi.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, kamodzi pa sabata, feteleza wophatikizira amayenera kuyikidwira maluwa, ndiye Brunfelsia imapereka kukula kwabwino komanso maluwa ambiri.
Kuti tisunge mawonekedwe okongoletsa a Brunfelsia, ayenera kudulidwapo pafupipafupi. Ndondomeko ikuchitika maluwa atamaliza, kudula mpaka theka la mphukira zonse. Izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa achinyamata zimayambira ndikupanga maluwa.
Brunfelsia sichikhudzidwa ndi matenda odziwika, koma imatha kugwidwa ndi majeremusi (ma aphid, mealybugs, nkhupakupa, tizilombo tambiri). Ndikwabwino kuthira chitsamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (decis, karbofos, aktellik) ndikubwereza mankhwalawo patatha sabata limodzi.
