Ariocarpus ndi nkhokwe zachilendo kwambiri, zopanda minga. Mu 1838, a Joseph Scheidweller anasankha mtundu wina wa ariocarpus mu banja la a Cactus. Nondescript, poyang'ana koyamba, ma cacti ndi ofunikira mawonekedwe ndipo amakumbukira kwambiri miyala yoyera. Komabe, duwa lalikulu komanso lowala ngati duwa pamwamba, palibe malire omwe angasangalale ndi wamaluwa. Ndi maluwa omwe ali zokongoletsera zazikulu za mbewuyi, nthawi zambiri, pazithunzi Ariocarpus amawonetsedwa nthawi ya maluwa.
Kufotokozera kwa Cactus
Ariocarpus amakhala pamiyala ndi kumtunda kwa North ndi Central America. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka kumadera akum'mawa kuchokera ku Texas kupita ku Mexico pamtunda wa 200 m mpaka 2.4 km.
Muzu wa ariocarpus ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo uli ndi mawonekedwe a peyala kapena mpiru. Kutembenukira kwa ariocarpus ndi kowutsa mudyo kwambiri, msuzi umalowamo kudzera mu kachitidwe kovuta ka ziwiya ndikuthandizira mbewuyo kupulumuka nthawi yayitali. Kukula kwa muzu kumatha kukhala 80% ya chomera chonse.
Tsinde la ariocarpus ndi lotsika kwambiri ndipo lathyathyathya pansi. Pamaso pake ponse pali masamba ang'onoang'ono (papillae). Papilla iliyonse inkatha ndi munga, koma masiku ano imawoneka ngati kumapeto. Kufikira ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 3-5. Khungu limakhala losalala, lonyezimira, limatha kukhala ndi utoto kuchokera wobiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wonyezimira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ntchofu zamtundu wanthawi zonse zimapangidwa kuchokera ku tsinde. Anthu okhala ku America akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ngati guluu wachilengedwe kwa zaka zambiri.
Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera pa Seputembu komanso kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, nthawi yamvula ikadzatha kudziko la ariocarpus, ndipo pafupifupi mbewu zonse zimaphuka m'matumba athu. Maluwa atalika, miyala yamtengo wapatali, yapaka utoto wosiyanasiyana wa pinki ndi wofiirira. Choyera kapena chachikasu chimakhala ndi zokumbira zingapo komanso pestle imodzi yayitali. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi masentimita 4-5. Maluwa amatenga masiku ochepa chabe.
Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chimacha. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena otambalala ndipo amatha kujambulidwa ndi ofiira, obiriwira kapena oyera. Danga la mwana wosabadwayo ndi 5-20 mm. Pansi pa chotsekera pamwamba pa mabulosiwo ndi zamkati zonunkhira. Chipatso chokhwima bwino chimayamba kuuma ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimasweka. Mbewu zitha kukhala zotheka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mitundu ya Ariocarpus
Pazonse, mtundu wa Ariocarpus uli ndi mitundu 8 ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophatikiza, yonse yomwe ndi yoyenera kukula pakhomo. Tikhalepo zodziwika kwambiri.
Ariocarpus agave. Dothi lobiriwira lakuda pansi limakhala ndi dothi. Makulidwe a tsinde amatha kufikira 5 cm, malo ake ndi osalala, opanda nthiti. Ma papillae ndi otakata ndi okakamira, mpaka kutalika kwa 4 cm. Kuchokera pamwambapa, mbewuyi imafanana ndi nyenyezi. Maluwa ndi osalala, oterera, okhala ndi mtundu wakuda wa pinki. Duwa limafanana ndi belu lotseguka kwambiri komanso chomata. Dongosolo lozungulira lotseguka limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5. Zipatsozo zimatalika pang'ono ndikujambulidwa zofiira.
Ariocarpus. Imakhala ndi chopindika, chopondapo cholimba chokhala ndi mainchesi ofambira 10 cm. Mbali yakumwambayo imakutidwa ndi chivundikiro cha mtundu woyera kapena bulawuni. Ma papillae ali ozungulira, piramidi mawonekedwe, obiriwira owoneka bwino. Pamwamba pa papillae pang'onong'ono, kutalika kwa 2 cm.Maluwa ndi opepuka pinki okhala ndi miyala yambiri. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 4 cm.
Ariocarpus wasokonekera. Mawonedwe ake ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso amtambo wotuwa. Mukukula, mmera umakhala ngati kamwala kakang'ono, koma duwa lowala limapereka mawonekedwe amoyo. Maluwa ndi osiyanasiyana, ofiira kapena apinki. Tsinde limalowa chonde kwambiri munthaka ndipo limangotuluka masentimita 2-4 okha. Mapepala ooneka ngati diamondi amaphatikizidwa kuzungulira tsinde ndipo amayenera kulumikizidwa limodzi. Mbali yakunja ya mbewuyo idakutidwa ndi villi, yomwe imawonjezera kukopa kwake.
Ariocarpus wopanda pake. Chomera chozungulira ndi papillae cholozera, chokhala patali. Mtunduwu umatchedwa kuti chuma cha njira kuti zisinthidwe pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala ovuta kukhudza, ngati kuti adakutidwa ndi filimu. Tsinde lobiriwira lomwe limatalikirana ndi kutalika kwa 12 cm limakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 25. Zosanjikiza zowoneka bwino zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Maluwa ndi akulu, oyera kapena oyera zonona. Kutalika kwa bud ndi 3 masentimita ndipo awiri ndi masentimita 5. Maluwa amapangidwa mu sinuses apical.
Ariocarpus wapakatikati. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana ndi mpira wopindika, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala nthaka. Mitundu ya papillae yobiriwira yobiriwira yobiriwira yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa masentimita 10. Maluwa ndi ofiirira, mpaka 4 cm. Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, zoyera ndi zapinki.
Ariocarpus Kochubey - mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri ndi mikwingwirima yokongola. Tsinde limafanana ndi nyenyezi, yomwe pamwamba pake pamatuluka duwa lofiirira kapena lofiirira. Anatsegulira ma petals pafupifupi kubisa gawo lobiriwira la mbewu.
Njira zolerera
Ariocarpus amasokoneza m'njira ziwiri:
- kufesa mbewu;
- katemera.
Ariocarpus amafesedwa m'dothi lopepuka, pomwe chinyezi chimapitilira. Mbewuzo zikafika zaka zapakati pa miyezi 3-4, imayimbidwa ndikuyiyika mu chidebe chopanda mpweya ndi lonyowa. Mphamvuzi zimayikidwa pamalo abwino-oyatsidwa ndikusungidwa zaka 1-1,5. Kenako pang'onopang'ono yambani kuzolowera chomerocho ndi chilengedwe.
Katemera wa ariocarpus amachitika pa stock yokhazikika. Njirayi imapereka zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa chomera sichitha kuthirira mosasamala komanso kutentha kwambiri. Njira yodzala chomera chaching'ono imakhala yopweteka kwambiri, chifukwa anthu ambiri amakonda kugula ariocarpus wazaka 2 kapena kupitirira.
Malamulo Osamalira
Pakulima ariocarpuses, gawo lamchenga lokhala ndi humus zochepa limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Olima ena amabzala mbewu mumchenga woyera kapena miyala yamiyala. Kuti ma rhizomewo asawononge zowola, ndibwino kuwonjezera tchipisi cha njerwa ndi makala owerera. Miphika ndi bwino kusankha dongo, amathandizira kuyang'anira chinyezi cha gawo lapansi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyala padziko lapansi ndi miyala kapena miyala yaying'ono kuti chinyontho chisadziunjike pamtunda.
Ngati ndi kotheka, ariocarpus amawayika. Njirayi imafunika chisamaliro chachikulu kuti isawononge mizu. Ndikwabwino kupukuta dothi ndikulowetsa mbewuyo mumphika watsopano ndi mtanda wonse.
Ariocarpus amakonda kuwala kozungulira kwa maola 12 kapena kupitilira tsiku lililonse. Pazenera lakumwera, ndibwino kuti mupereke chithunzi chaching'ono. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwambiri sikubweretsa zovuta, ndipo nthawi yozizira, muyenera kupatsa mtengowo mtendere ndikusintha kupita kumalo abwino, owala. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ariocarpus sangalekerere kutentha mpaka +8 ° C.
Ariocarpus amathiridwa madzi osowa kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati kuyanika kwathunthu kumapsa komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pakakhala mitambo kapena mvula, kuthirira sikofunikira. Panthawi yogonera, kuthirira kumathanso kusiidwa. Ngakhale mchipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma simungathe kupopera gawo la mbewu, izi zimatha kudwala.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa katatu pachaka, munthawi ya kukula. Zabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere wa cacti. Ariocarpus amalimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso majeremusi. Imachira msanga pambuyo pakuwonongeka.
