Araucaria ndi mtengo wakunja wofanana ndi spruce. Chomera chimagawidwa m'nkhalango zazikulu za kum'mwera kwa Asia kuchokera ku Australia ndi New Zealand kupita ku Peru. M'malo achilengedwe, araucaria ndi mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi nthambi zazitali pamwamba pa korona. Nkhuni zake ndizofunika kwambiri. Indoor araucaria adawoneka posachedwa. Ili ndi kukula kochepa komanso singano zofewa. Chifukwa chofanana ndi spruce wamba, wamaluwa ali wokondwa kugula nyumba yokongola, koma ndiyotchuka osati patchuthi cha Chaka Chatsopano.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mwachilengedwe, araucaria ndi mtengo 50-60 mamita (ena amafika 90 m). Thunthu lake ndi lowongoka, ndipo nthambi zimamera pafupifupi limodzi pansi. Kunyumba kwa Araucaria nthawi zambiri sikukukula kupitirira 1.5-2 m. Nthambi zomwe zili pachimacho zimawombedwa ndi chipangizocho ndikuyang'ana kuchokera kumwamba zikufanana ndi nyenyezi. Kwa chaka chimodzi, ma whorls atsopano amadzala pamtengo. Nthambi zakumera zong'onazo zimakhala pansi panthaka, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi zimagwa, ndikusiyapo zazingwe.
Nthambiyo imakutidwa ndi singano zazifupi komanso zolimba kutalika konse. Ali ndi mawonekedwe opindika patali komanso ofunda. Mtundu wa singano umasiyana kuchokera kubiriu lowala kupita pamtambo wamtambo. Kutalika kwa timapepala tating'ono tosinthika ndi 0.5-5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 0.3-2.5 cm.
Araucaria ndi mitundu ya mbewu. Mitengo imakutidwa ndi ma cikazi achikazi (owola) kapena amuna (okwera). Mbale zobiriwira zazikazi zobiriwira zimakhala zazitali masentimita 20. Ziphuphu zawo zimagundana, ndipo nthangala zobisika zimabisika pakati pa sikelo. Kulemera kwake koni imodzi ndi pafupifupi 1.5 kg.
Mitundu ya Araucaria
Mwa mitundu 20 ya araucaria, ochepa okha ndi omwe ali abwino kulimidwa mkati. Odziwika kwambiri ndi araucaria wamitundu mitundu. Amadziwikanso kuti "chipinda cha chipinda." Mtengo wowuma uyu wokhala ndi korona wa piramidi ndi singano zobiriwira zopepuka zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri mnyumbamo. Makungwa a bulauni akuda pamtengo wagundika pang'ono. Nthambi zazing'ono zimakhala ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono mpaka 8 mm kutalika.
Araucaria brazilian (wopapatiza-wachibale). Zomera zanyumba zitha kutalika mamita 3. Masamba ofunda ofunikira amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wobiriwira amafota. Mbali yodziwika ndi maupangiri a nthambi.
Araucaria waku Chile. Nthambi iliyonse, yomwe imakutidwa ndi utoto wolimba wobiriwira, imafanana ndi mchira wa mbewa. Mwa ichi, mtunduwu umatchedwa "nyani nyani". Mtengowo umakhala wamtengo wapatali kwa mitengo yamtengo wapamwamba ndi nthangala zodziwika bwino m'malamulo. Imatha kupirira zipatso zazing'ono.
Dera la Araucaria. Mtengowu umakhala ndi korona wa piramidi, womwe umakhala ndi nthambi zazifupi komanso zikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhazikika pamtengo. Ma cell mpaka 10 masentimita amapangika pamtengo wachikulire.
Njira zolerera
Kufalitsa kwa Araucaria kumachitika ndi njira yofesa mbewu ndi mizu yokhazikika yolemekezeka. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mukamakolola, popeza kumera kwake kumacheperachepera. M'mphika uliwonse wokhala ndi dothi losakaniza ndi mchenga, mbewu ziwiri zimabzalidwa mpaka masentimita 2-3. Mutatha kuthirira, nthaka yonse imakhala ndi sphagnum moss kuti isinthane ndi chinyezi. Asanatuluke, mutha kuyikamo ziwiya pamalo amdima ndi kutentha kwa +18 ... +20 ° C. Mphukira zimawonekera masabata 2-8 kutengera ndi mbewu zatsopano. Gulu lokwana singano litakongoletsa pamwamba pa mphukira, mbande ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo osatha. Ngati poto woyenera anasankhidwa nthawi yomweyo, mutha kupitiliza kukula osakwiya.
Kuzutsa zodula, mphukira za apical zomwe zimadulidwa kamodzi koyambirira kwa nthambi zimadulidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Masana, kagawo kamayanika mlengalenga, kenako utomoni wowonjezera umachotsedwa ndikuwazidwa makala opera. Asanabzike, odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi muzu ndipo amabzalidwa mumchenga-peat kapena nthaka yamchenga. Isanazike mbande, mbande zimasungidwa pansi pa hood, pang'onopang'ono podutsa komanso kuthirira. Mizu yozizira imatha kutenga miyezi 2-5, pomwe pamafunika kusintha kutentha kwa mpweya + 24 ... +26 ° C.
Thirani
Araucaria imakhala yopweteka kwambiri poika zina, choncho zimayenera kuchitika pokhapokha mizu itaphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi mtanda. Mimbulu yakunyumba imachotsedwa mosamala mumphika ndikuyesera kuti isasokoneze chizungu. Poto yatsopano iyenera kukhala yakuzama komanso yokwanira. Zida zazikulu zokhala pansi zimayikidwa pansi. Dothi la araucaria nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi:
- dothi louma;
- mchenga;
- pepala la pepala;
- peat.
Ngati mungafune, mutha kuwonjezera dziko lapansi komanso kuphatikizira humus lapansi. Atabzala kwa masiku angapo, chomera chimatsala chokha. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti munyowetse nthaka mwamphamvu, mutembenuza ndikusuntha mtengowo.
Chisamaliro cha Araucaria
Araucaria kunyumba amafunika njira yapadera. M'malo achilengedwe, limakhala m'mapiri, momwe nthawi zonse kumakhala kuzizira. Kutentha kwabwino kwa mbewuyo kumakhala mozungulira +20 ° C. Ngati chipindacho chili chotentha kwambiri, araucaria amatembenuka chikasu ndikuchotsa masamba. M'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mtengowo uzitenga mpweya wabwino, siziwopa zojambula zazing'ono komanso kuzizira kwa usiku. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kutsika kutentha mpaka + 10 ... +12 ° C. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi khonde lowoneka bwino, ndiyabwino chipinda chofewa.
Kukongola kofananako kumakomera kuwala kowala. Ikhozanso kukhala mumthunzi wocheperako. Ndikwabwino kuyika araucaria pansi pa mbewu zina m'munda kapena kuyika kumbuyo kwa chipindacho, kutali ndi dzuwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitha kusinthanitsa ndi poto nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mupeze kuwombera.
Chinyezi chikuyenera kupitilira muyeso. Araucaria wouma kwambiri amatha kuponya singano. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzisamba nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusambitsa mtengo pansi pakusamba ofunda. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito thirala ndi miyala yonyowa kapena kuyika mbewuyo pafupi ndi aquarium.
Thirani araucaria ndi madzi ofunda komanso ofewa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kubwirira musanawiritse, kuimirira kapena kuyeretsa madzi apampopi pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta. Kutsirira kumayenera kukhala pafupipafupi kuti dothi lonyowa likungomaliza ndi kotala. Ndikofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo samayenda munthaka kapena pachaka. Zowonjezera zonse ziyenera kutsanulidwa theka la ola mutatha kuthilira.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, araucaria iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Popanda iwo, singano zimakhala zowonda ndikufota. Mu feteleza ndikofunikira kuti mulamulire kuchuluka kwa calcium, uyenera kukhala wochepa. Kuchulukanso kwa mcherewu m'mavalidwe apamwamba kapena madzi othirira kumachepetsa kukula kwa araucaria.
Indoor spruce amadziwika ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri komanso samakonda kuvutika ndi tiziromboti. Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nsabwe, erythematosus, ndi pine loach. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Fastak, Decis, Karbofos) amathandizira kuthana ndi tiziromboti.
