Fern zirtomyum imakopa ndi korona wobala wa masamba owala, owala wobiriwira. Zikhala zokongoletsera zabwino za chipinda kapena mawonekedwe obiriwira mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa chokana zovuta ndi matenda komanso chilengedwe, ndimakhalidwe omwe olima minda ambiri amagula. Mitunduyi ndi ya banja la a chithokomiro ndipo imagawidwa m'nkhalango zachinyezi zaku South Africa ndi East Asia.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Cirtomyum ndi udzu wobiriwira nthawi zonse. Imamera pamadothi otentha komanso otentha kwambiri. Mizu ya Scaly lalanje imakhala yobisika kwathunthu mobisa. Khosi lokha ndi mizu yokha lomwe limatuluka. Vayy amakula mwachindunji padziko lapansi, ali ndi petiole yayitali, yofiirira. Utoto wopaka utoto ndi wopanda waya wapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino. Masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mtsempha wamkati wofanana ndi nthenga wamkulu. Kutalika kwa tsamba limodzi ndi petiole ndi 50-60 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 10-12 cm. Mphepete mwa mitundu yambiri ndi yosalala, ngakhale. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba a wavy kapena serrate amapezeka.
Masamba a cirtomyum amadziwika ndi kuuma komanso kuthina. Chotchinga chobiriwira chimakula kuchokera pamitundu ingapo ya kukula pa nthambizo. Kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30-60 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi mita 1. M'njira zamkati, fern imakhala yocheperako kukula. Kumbuyo kwa masamba kumakhala masamba owoneka bulauni. Umu ndi momwe sporangia amawonekera - mbewu za fern.
Malingaliro odziwika
Zokwanira, mitundu 12 ya cirtomyum adalembetsa, chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe othandizira wamaluwa kusankha asanagule.
Kirthium chikwakwa. Udzu wazomera izi umapanga chitsamba chamadzi chotalika pafupifupi 60. Imapezeka ku Japan ndi South Africa. Kukanani ndi kuzizira komanso kouma. Wautali, wobiriwira wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi vayi yotuwa yotuwa ndi utoto, wopanda masamba. Kutalika kwa pepalali ndi 35-50 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Mphepete mwa mapalawo amatulutsidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo adakutidwa ndi mano owala. Kugulitsa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitunduyi, Rochfordianum, ndiyofala. Ili ndi masamba owala komanso owala.
Tsirtomium Fortuna. Zomera zimapezeka ku China, Korea ndi Japan. Ma Vayas ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndipo amapangira nsalu yotchinga 30-60 masentimita ndi mulifupi mita 1. Masamba owumbidwa ndi dzira kapena wopindika atatu amapaka utoto wonyezimira kapena wotuwa. Zogawana zimapezeka pa petiole kudzera pagulu lalikulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Tsirtomium karyotovidny. Mtundu uwu wa fern umakhala ndi bulawuni wowonda, wofiyira ndipo umakhala wokhuthala. Kutalika kwa tchire kumafika masentimita 70. Masamba a Kirisrus ali ndi malo akuluakulu okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira atakhala ngati nthenga zokulirapo. Masamba achilendo oterowo amakopa alimi ambiri, koma kukumana pamsika wamtunduwu sikophweka.
Chikondwerero chachikulu. Pa petiole yolimba ya waw ndi zazikulu, zonyezimira. “Nthenga” zilizonse zimatalika masentimita 70 ndipo mulifupi masentimita 30. Masamba owongoka amtundu wokhazikitsidwa ndi mbali ziwiri amapangika m'mizere ndi m'mphepete. Masamba ozungulira kumbuyo kwa tsamba amakhala obiriwira kapena amvi.
Cirtomium Hooker. Fern amapanga nsalu yotambalala. Vayi iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba a masamba a masamba asanu ndi asanu. Tsamba lililonse limafalikira masentimita 12 mpaka 15 ndipo mulifupi masentimita 5. Mtunduwu ndiwosowa kwambiri pachikhalidwe.
Kubalana kwa cirthium
Cirtomyum imafalitsa ndi spores komanso kugawa kwa rhizome. Njira zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikula bwino.
Mikangano imazika mosavuta. Nthawi zina kudzigulitsa kumatha kupezeka mumphika wokhala ndi ma fern, chifukwa chake zovuta za kumera kwa spores nthawi zambiri sizimabuka. Pofesa mbande konzani bokosi lathyathyathya komanso lonse. Imadzaza ndi sphagnum moss ndikuphatikiza kwa mchenga ndi peat.
Zomera zimakutidwa kuchokera mu tsamba mu kugwa, zimaphwa kwa mwezi umodzi ndikufesedwa munthaka yonyowa. Bokosilo lakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa + 20 ... +25 ° C. Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amathandizira kuti mpweya wabwino ubwererenso ndipo dothi limapakidwa madzi. Mphukira zikawoneka, pogona zimatha kuchotsedwa. Patatha miyezi 2-3 mutabzala, nthaka ikufanana ndi kapeti wobiriwira wolimba, momwe kumakhalabe kovuta kusiyanitsa mbewu iliyonse. Pakatha mwezi wina, masamba akulu amayamba kuonekera. Tsopano, ma cytomiums amatha kubzala m'maphika osiyana ndikukula ngati chomera chachikulire.
Wachikulire, chitsamba chokulirapo cha cirtomyum chitha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu April nthawi kumuika. Chimbudzi chimadulidwa m'magawo angapo kuti malo okulira atatu akhalebe mgawo lililonse. Malo omwe amawaza amawaza ndi makala okhazikitsidwa ndipo Delenki amawokedwa mumaphika osiyana.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Kuyika kwa cirthium kumachitika ngati pakufunika, pomwe fern imakuta kwathunthu padziko lonse lapansi. Gwiritsani ntchito miphika yayitali osati yakuya kwambiri yokhala ndi dothi lokwanira pansi pansi. Kuwonjeza kumalingaliridwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mpaka vaiyas watsopano atawonekera. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- peat;
- mchenga;
- sphagnum moss;
- makala;
- makungwa a paini.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yopumira. Poika mbewu, mizu siziika m'manda kwambiri. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Asanadzalemo, mizu imayendera kuti zowola. Mutha kudulira madera okhudzidwa kapena aatali kwambiri.
Kukula Zinthu
Kusamalira pakhomo kwa cirthium ndikosavuta. Chomera chosasinthika ichi chimakula bwino ngakhale wobzala wopanda pake, ndipo poyankha chikondi ndi chisamaliro amapanga korona wokongola. Tsirtomium imatha kumera mumdima wambiri pamawindo akumpoto, koma m'chipinda chowala masamba ake amakhala abwino kwambiri komanso opatsa chidwi. Kuyambira masana dzuwa ndibwino kuti mupange shading pang'ono kapena kuyika mphika kuchokera pawindo.
Malo otentha ndi oyenera ma fern. M'nyengo yotentha, imamera bwino pa + 20 ... +22 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha pang'ono, koma kuzizira m'munsi mwa +11 ° C kumatha kupha. Ndikofunika kuperekanso kutentha pang'ono kwausiku.
Ndikofunikira kuthirira cirtomyum pafupipafupi kuti dothi likhale lonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuyanika pang'ono pamtunda kumaloledwa. Pakathirira madzi akumwa zofewa firiji. Ndi kuzizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Kwa ferns, chinyezi chowonjezereka chimakonda. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba nthawi zambiri ndikuwasamba nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera kufumbi. Komabe, ngakhale mu mpweya wouma, mtunduwu wa fern umamera nthawi zambiri ndipo suuma masamba.
Kuyambira kasupe, pamene zirtomyum imayambika watsopano, ndikulimbikitsidwa kumuthira manyowa kawiri pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ochepetsedwa kwambiri am'mimba ophatikizira onyamula nyumba.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Tsirtomium imagwirizana ndi matenda ndipo sikuti imakhudzidwa ndi majeremusi. Nthawi zina, mphere ndi mphutsi zimatha kupezeka pamasamba ake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizirombo tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizomera tikawoneka kuti mbewuyo singataye mphamvu.
Ngati masamba a cirtomyum amakhala achikasu, ndipo kukula kwake kwasiya kapena kuchepetsedwa, muyenera kuwunika momwe dothi lilili. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ometse nthaka yonyowa kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuphatikiza mbewuzo mu nthaka yatsopano.
