Orchid Ludisia ndi nthumwi yoyambirira kwambiri ya banja la Orchid. Imakhala ndi maluwa ochepa, ngati ngale, koma masamba akuluakulu amapititsa patsogolo kulima maluwa. Ludisia imakopa ndi maselivere pa masamba amdima. Nthawi zina mmerawu umapezeka pansi pa dzina la hemaria. Duwa la Ludisia limakhala m'nkhalango zachilengedwe za Central ndi East Asia. Mosiyana ndi maluwa ambiri otulutsa maluwa, nthumwi imeneyi imamera pansi kapena kukhoma kwa mapanga.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Ludisia ili ndi nthambi yambande, koma yofupikitsa, yomwe imapeza michere ndi kukhazikika pamalo opingasa komanso osakhazikika. Gawo loyimiridwa limayimiridwa ndi phesi lamphamvu lopindika ndi duwa lamasamba owoneka bwino. Kukula kwa ludisia sikudutsa 15 cm, koma kumafalikira mwachangu ndipo kumatulutsa njira zina.
Masamba achikazi pafupipafupi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid okhala ndi nsonga yolunjika. Pakadutsa kamodzi pakhale masamba pafupifupi asanu. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa pepala ndi 7 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 4. Pamwamba pa pepala lowoneka bwino wobiriwira kumatha kukhala kosalala kapena kuphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lokhala ndi siliva. Kumbuyo kwa masamba kunali kosalala komanso utoto wakuda. Tsamba lililonse limakhala ndi zaka 7, kenako limazirala, ndikusiya cholembedwa ngati mphete pa tsinde.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa ku Ludisia sikusangalatsa, ngakhale kuli kaso. Kuyambira tsamba lililonse lotalika (mpaka 25c) masentimita molunjika limapangidwa. Ili ndi maluwa oyera oyera, m'mimba mwake mulibe kupitirira masentimita awiri. Mitundu yoyera yoyera ili ndi korona wokongola angapo achikasu. Chomera chamaluwa chimakhala ngati chingwe cha ngale pamwamba pa masamba azitsamba, sizili pachabe kuti ludisia amatchedwa wamtengo wapatali. Maluwa amachitika mu Novembala-Januware ndipo amatha mpaka masabata asanu.
Malingaliro odziwika
Zimapezeka kokha m'chilengedwe ludisia discolor (ilibe mtundu, wopanda mitundu yambiri). Chomera chokhala ndi mphepo yolimba, yolimba imakhala ndi rosette ya masamba obiriwira kumapeto. Nthawi yomweyo, masamba a 3-6 amakhala ndi mitsempha ya silvery longitudinal amakula pa orchid. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono khumi ndi awiri amaphuka pachimodzimodzi ndi 1020 cm. Mbale zam'munsi zimapanga milomo yotsika pang'ono, pomwe ma anthers achikasu amatuluka.
Pofuna kusiyanitsa ludzu wamtengo wapatali, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera:
- Ludisia dawson imasiyana masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi mikwingwirima yopyapyala, yapinki. Zomera zimafikira 30 cm.
Ludisia dawson - Ludisia Odin Imakhalanso ndi mitsempha yasiliva yayitali pamasamba, komabe, ma stroko ophatikizika opindidwa amapezeka kutalika konsekati kwamkati.
Ludisia Odin - Ludisia alba imakhala ndi mtundu wowonekera bwino wamasamba popanda mtundu wamba wa burgundy. Masamba amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera.
Ludisia alba - Ludisia Otletae - masamba obiriwira kwambiri, obiriwira okutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiira kapena ya lalanje.
Ludisia Otletae - Ludisia tanlaniana Imakhala ndi pepala lalikulu lonse ndi ma mesh opepuka pakati.
Ludisia tanlaniana - Ludisia Velvet - Masamba ndizobiriwira ndipo amakhala ndi velvety velvety. Malamba ofiira ofiira amawonekera kumtunda kwa tsamba.
Ludisia Velvet
Zosiyanasiyana zoterezi zimakupatsani mwayi wogula orchid wa ku Ludisia wokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Komanso, botanists sangaime pamenepo.
Kufalitsa kwa Ludisia
Maluwa amakongoletsedwa. Popeza ilibe nthawi yotchulidwa, njirayi imatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Kufalikira kwa ludisia ndi zodula kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Ndikokwanira kudula zidutswa zingapo ndi 2-3 internode. Chidacho chimapangidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa la disinfine ndipo malekezero amathandizidwa ndi makala opera.
Kusakaniza kwa sphagnum moss ndi makungwa a pine osankhidwa ndi koyenera kubzala. Zidula zimayikidwa mozungulira pamwamba panthaka ndikumapanikizidwa pang'ono. Kuwaza ndi lapansi pamwambapa sikofunikira. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu, kutentha kwina sikofunikira. Mizu imachitika mkati mwa masabata 2-4. Mizu yatsopano idzaonekera bwino m'mbali mwa phesi.
Masamba oyamba amawoneka, mutha kuzolowera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono maluwa a orchidwo kuti asakhale pogona, komabe amafunika kuwonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chambiri. Ngati matumba amapezeka pambewu yachinyamata, ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira Ludisia pamafunika kuchita zina, koma chomera chokongola choterechi chimayenera kulandira ulemu. Pakubzala maluwa okalamba, miphika yaying'ono yowoneka bwino yomwe imakhala ndi mabowo akuluakulu otayira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pansi pali limba ndi tchipisi ta vermiculite kapena njerwa, ndipo nthaka yokonzedweratu imayikidwa pamwamba. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi la orchid mu malo ogulitsa maluwa. Ndi dothi lakudziyimira pawokha la ludisia, liyenera kuphatikiza izi:
- khungubwe za paini wosadulidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa singano (4 mbali);
- zidutswa za moss sphagnum (magawo 4);
- makala (1 gawo);
- peat (gawo 1);
- pepala lapansi (gawo 1).
Mizu imayikidwa kumtunda kwadothi, popanda kukulitsa masamba a kukula. Nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kufalitsa Ludisia. Ndikokwanira kuchita njirayi zaka 3-4 zilizonse zikamamera. Mizu iyenera kumasulidwa kwathunthu ku gawo lakale ndikunyowa kwa maola angapo m'madzi ofunda.
Ludisia imakonda malo amdima, koma imatha kupirira m'mawa kapena dzuwa kuwala. Chomera chimamera bwino pamawindo akumpoto, koma m'nyengo yozizira chidzaunikira chowonjezera. Kutalika kwa maola masana ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino pakusintha kwamaluwa.
Orchid amakonda malo otentha pang'ono. +20 ... +23 ° C yakwanira. Kuzizira kwausiku mpaka + 17 ... +19 ° C ndi bwino ku Ludisia ndipo kumalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri. Ndikosavuta kwambiri kupangira zinthu zotere povumbulutsa mphika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembu pa khonde kapena poyimira. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo osakonzekera.
Ludisia iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse pachaka. Gawo loyambira liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Madzi owonjezera sayenera kusiyidwa mu poto. Imatsitsidwa theka la ola mutatha kuthirira. Orchid amafunika mpweya wonyowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zotheka kunyentchera:
- kuyikidwa pafupi ndi akasupe ndi malo am'madzi;
- mapaketi okhala ndi miyala yonyowa ndi vermiculite;
- zodzikongoletsera;
- masamba opopera.
Zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi masamba a velvet siziyenera kuthiridwa magazi, apo ayi muyenera kudzifunsa funso: "mungachotse bwanji madimbidwe a madzi ku Ludisia?".
Ndi kufalikira kwanthaŵi zonse, orchid safuna feteleza, amalandira zinthu zonse zofunikira kuchokera kuzachilengedwe. Nthawi yamaluwa, theka la mchere wama orchid ungathe kuwonjezeredwa kawiri pamwezi.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, Ludisia saopa matenda, koma masamba ake amadzimadzi amakopa majeremusi. Ndiye kuti tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthimba kapena ma mealybugs sizikuvulaza kukongola kwamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi tizirombo poyambira kuwukira.
