Mitundu yambiri yosakongola yomwe imabwera kuchokera kunja kwa nyanja ndi yoyenera kubereka kunyumba. Makamaka, izi zikuphatikizidwa ndi Kosovo cyclamen, kufotokozera komweko komwe kumayambitsa mafunso okhudza kuswana kwake kunyumba. Tiyeni tifufuze mwachidwi wodabwitsa amene akuyimira zomera ndikugwirizanitsa ndi zofunika zake kuti zikule.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Cyclamen anatcha zitsamba za banja la Mirsinovye, ngakhale asayansi ena amanena kuti ndi banja lina - Primrose.
Kutchire, duwa limakhala ku Iran, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Mediterranean, koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka ku Turkey.
Mitundu ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zomera zamkati zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito pochiza matenda a sinusitis, koma mulimonsemo, nkofunika kuyang'anira chitetezo, chifukwa pali chiopsezo chowotcha mimba.
Mukudziwa? Kosky Cyclamen, ponena za kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe tidzalankhulana patapita kanthawi, tinkatchedwa kuti Kos, yomwe ili ku Aegean Sea, pafupi ndi Turkey.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zomera zochepa (kufika pamtunda wa 10-15 masentimita), maluwa m'nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira. Masamba ake ali ndi masentimita 15 m'litali ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mtima wobiriwira (amatha kufika pamthunzi wa silvery, womwe umadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana).
Ndiponso pazinthuzi mumatha kuona siliva wochepa kapena mtundu woyera. Mapepala abwinowa ali pa petioles wathanzi.
Kunyumba, n'zotheka kuyang'ana maluwa a Kosovo cyclamen kuyambira November mpaka March mwiniwake, ndi maluwa omwe amawoneka akuwoneka okongola kwambiri: ali ndi pinki, ofiira, oyera achikasu (kapena awiri a mitundu), ali ndi zofiira kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira amatha kutulutsa kununkhira kosangalatsa, kobisika.
Pali njira yeniyeni yomwe imasinthira mtundu wa maluwa, kukula kwa maluwa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba: maluwa okongola a pinki ndi masamba omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Syria ndi kumwera kwa Turkey.
Ngati tilankhula za mitundu yochokera kumadera akummawa a mayikowa, idzakhala yaikulu, ndipo mapepala a pepala adzakhala ochepa kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo, mtundu uwu umakhala ndi tuber ndi mizu ikukula kuchokera pansipa.
Kusankha malo mu chipinda
Monga chomera chilichonse, Kosovo cyclamen imafuna chidwi chenicheni, ndipo ndikofunikira kulingalira zinthu zingapo zofunika pamene akusungidwa kunyumba: kuyatsa, kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.
Kuunikira
Ngakhale kuti kamen cyclamen ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri, kukhudzana ndi masamba ake dzuwa limangowotchera kuwotcha.
Mitengo yamakono yopangira zowonjezera imaphatikizansopo: Monstera, Kalanchoe, Dracaena, Anthurium, Dendrobium, Gloxinia, Begonia.
Kotero, mawindo awindo kuchokera kumadzulo kapena kummawa kwa nyumba ndi abwino kwambiri pa malo ake. Ngati mwadzidzidzi mungathe kuika miphika ndi zomera kumadzulo a windows, koma pakadali pano iwo ayenera kutsekedwa.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Kukula Kosovo cyclamen kunyumba kwanu, ndikofunika kumupatsa ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 11 ... +14 ° C, koma m'chilimwe kungakhale bwino ngati kuwerengedwa kwa kutentha kumakhala pa 18 + 25 ° C. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ya kukula kwa mbewu ndi maluwa ndi 11 ... +14 ° C.
Musanayambe kupanga mphukira, cyclamen iyenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse, koma ikawoneka, njirayi imaletsedwa, mwinamwake kuti kuvunda kuli kotheka. Madzi amathanso kuwonjezeredwa pamatumba, koma ngati ali odzala ndi peat, adothi kapena miyala yowonjezera.
Chomera gawo
Zomwe zimapanga nthaka kusakaniza zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakulima duwa. Choncho, kuti mupeze maluwa okwanira nthawi yambiri ndi kofunika kukonzekera gawo loyenera.
Njira yoyenera ikhale yosakaniza masamba ndi sod (muyeso yofanana) ndi kuwonjezera kwa wosweka laimu, wosweka laimu kapena pulasitala yakale. Komanso, sitiyenera kuiwala za ngalande, chifukwa zomera nthawi zambiri zimavutika ngakhale pang'ono.
Kufika kunyumba
Kulima njinga panyumba kungatheke m'njira ziwiri: ndi mbewu komanso pogawa tuber. Zonsezi sizingatchedwe kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri, koma kuti zithe kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, munthu ayenera kuyandikira bwino kukonzekera kubzala ndi kukumbukira zochitika zinazake zokha.
Mbewu
Mbewu zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo lonse, ndipo siziyenera kuigula, chifukwa ngati muli ndi maluwa otchedwa cyclamen, mungathenso kusonkhanitsa mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Salefu moyo wazinthu zonse zogulidwa ndi zobzala ndizochepa ndipo sizidutsa zaka ziwiri. Ngati phukusi limene mumasankha likusiyana ndi zolemba zochotsedwa kapena zochepa, izi zikuwonetsa zolakwika zosungirako.Pomwe mwaganiza kuti muzitha kumera bwino mbeu, khalani okonzeka kupanga pollination. Pochita izi, kugwiritsa ntchito burashi kuyenera kuyendetsa mungu kuchokera ku maluwa ena kupita ku mzake, zomwe sizingakhale zovuta, chifukwa momwe zimakhalira zimakulolani kuti muzichita mosavuta ndondomekoyi.
Pamene chomera cha mungu chimapanga bokosi nthawi zina (icho chimakula pafupifupi miyezi inayi), chimakhalabe kuti chichotse mbewuzo ndi kuzibzala mu gawo lokonzekera. Chinthu chachikulu - thanki sayenera kukhala yakuya kwambiri ndipo sayenera kuthira nthaka yambiri.
Grooves ya mbewu imakhalanso yaing'ono - osapitirira 1 cm kutalika. Pali kusiyana kwa masentimita atatu pakati pa mbewu imodzi. Mbewu imadzazidwa ndi pang'ono padziko lapansi, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino dothi. Mphukira yoyamba idzawoneka mwezi.
Ndikofunikira! Musawope ngati mbewu yofesedwa sizimawonekere - poyamba maluwa amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndi bwino kuthirira madzi okha, opanda feteleza. Monga chakudya choyamba (sichidachititse mwezi umodzi mutabzala), mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza feteleza.Maluwa a mbewu yaying'ono, yomwe idabzalidwa mu njira yambewu, imawonetsedwa osati kale kuposa chaka, ndipo nthawi zina zitatu.
Kusiyana kwa Tuber
Kubereka kwa Kosovo cyclamen mothandizidwa ndi tubers n'kotheka, koma kunyumba sikofunika. Ndondomekoyi imachitika panthawi yochepa ya mbeu ndipo idzafunikanso chidziwitso chapadera kuchokera kwa inu.
Musanayambe kugawaniza anyezi, amachotsedwa m'nthaka ndipo amauma bwino, kenako amadulidwa mzidutswa zingapo (poyambira, ndi bwino kwa awiri okha). Ndikofunikira kuti chidutswa chilichonse chikhale ndi impso.
Kugawidwa kwa tuber kumachulukanso: ginger, liatris, lacunos, dahlias, calla maluwa, zamiokulkas, kaladium.
Zonse zomwe zimachotsedwa zimakonzedwa ndi makala osweka ndi zouma kachiwiri. Kenaka ndondomeko yonse ikupita molingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri: Mchitidwe uliwonse umabzalidwa mu mphika wosiyana, kukulitsa masentimita angapo.
Ngati mwaganiza kugula ziwalo zopangidwa ndi zokonzeka bwino, onetsetsani kuti mumvetsere impso: ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zopanda kuwonongeka. Chotero tuber amachiritsidwa ndi kukula accelerator ndipo anasiya kwa kanthawi pamalo owala.
Mbewu yaying'ono iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi, koma osati kutsanulira, mwinamwake chiyambi cha kuvunda n'kotheka.
Kubereka kwa cyclamen mwa kugawaniza tuber ndizovuta kwambiri, makamaka kwa oyambirira wamaluwa, koma pali mwayi. Monga njira ina, ana adzakhalanso oyenerera udindo wobzala zakuthupi (amayamba mizu mofulumira).
Mukudziwa? Mu M'zaka za zana la 18, cyclamen idatchedwa "mkate wa nkhumba", chifukwa nkhumbazo zidagwedeza nthaka pofuna cholinga cha ming'oma ndi mizu ya zomera.
Zomwe zimasamalira cyclamen Kos
Kuthirira, kudyetsa, kudulira ndi kuika zomera mu gawo lapansi latsopano kumathandiza kwambiri kulima. Kusamalira bwino nthawi zonse kumaonetsetsa kuti chithunzithunzi chilichonse chikugwirizana bwino, choncho nkofunika kudziwa za mitundu yonse yomwe ingatheke.
Momwe mungamwetse maluwa
Koska cyclamen, monga ambiri a hybrids, imafuna nthawi zonse koma imatsanulira ulimi wothirira, makamaka pa nyengo yokula. Kuwonekera kwa madzi kumachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo pamene kuthirira kuchokera pamwamba ndikofunika kuteteza njirayi kuti madzi asafike pa masamba ndi tubers.
Kungakhale koyenera kulumikiza madzi pamphepete mwa mphika. Pakati pa nthawi yachitsamba, kuchuluka kwa chinyontho kunachepetsedwa, koma sitiyenera kulola kuti nthaka iume.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa komanso kukula kwa mbeu, iyenera kudyetsedwa 1 nthawi masabata awiri, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza (nthawi zambiri mlingo woyenera umasonyezedwa pa phukusi). Pambuyo pofesa mbewu (mutakula kuchokera ku mbewu) m'miyezi 6 yoyambirira, pamodzi ndi mchere, mankhwala oyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kudulira zomera
Kudula mitengo ya cyclomen Kosami sikofunikira, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi chitukuko m'pofunikira kuchotsa maluwa osweka ndi masamba owongolera, ndipo pansi pa mapesi, nthawi zambiri amawonongeka, ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kukonzekera koyenera
Kusindikizidwa kwa cyclamen (osati Kosovo kokha) kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse: chaka chilichonse panthawi imodzi, asanayambe kuphulika. Kawirikawiri nthawi ino imakhala pakati pa chilimwe, pamene masamba atsopano amayamba kukula.
Musaganize kufunika kwa njirayi, chifukwa mu miyezi 12 nthaka mu mphika yayamba kwambiri, yomwe imaipitsa mawonekedwe ake. Mukakuikiranso mumafunika kuti mutengenso nthaka yatsopano, ndikutsitsimutsa mizu yovunda ndi yakufa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomera chanu sichikhala ndi zaka zoposa 1.5, ndiye kuti mphika wokhala ndi masentimita 8 ndi wokwanira, komabe kwa zaka zitatu zamasamba chomera 15 cm ndizoyenera.
Ngati mukufuna kuti cyclamen ikhale yaitali komanso yokondweretsani ndi mtundu wake, ndikofunika kukonzekera bwino kusakaniza kwa nthaka, kamene kamapangidwa kuchokera ku tsamba lopangidwa ndi masamba, humus, mchenga ndi peat.
Dziko losafunika liyenera kuwonjezera pa zopangira zonse, zomwe zimatengedwa mofanana. Ngati mulibe chikhumbo chodziimira nokha mukukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi, ndiye mukhoza kugulidwa mu mawonekedwe omaliza pa sitolo iliyonse yapadera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka yatsopano ndikunyamula chophimba choyenera kuti chitukuko chikhale chitukuko, perekani mabowo ang'onoang'ono pansi pa mphika ndikuika madzi akuda ngati mawanga wamba kapena kuti dothi lopangidwa, lomwe lingapulumutse zomera kuchokera ku madzi.
Mukatsanulira nthaka yatsopano mumphika, simukuyenera kuigwedeza, komanso kuti mukhale ndi thanzi la cyclamen, musanayiike mu chidebe chatsopano, muchotseni (osasiya) masamba angapo akale. Ndondomeko yowonjezera yokha imafuna kuchotsa mosamalitsa mbewu kuchokera mumphika wakale ndikusamaliranso mosamala.
Maluwa ayenera kuikidwa chimodzimodzi pakati, ndipo kwa kanthawi amakhalabe wolemera kuti asawononge mizu. Amayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo atangoyamba kuthira nthaka yonse (poyamba, pansi pokha palidzaza ndi gawo lapansi).
Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisawonongeke mizu, iwo, pamodzi ndi babu, amachotsedwa mumphika wakale ndikusunga phula ladothi.
Ndikofunikira! Simukufunika kuphimba lonse tuber ndi dziko lapansi, payenera kuyang'ana pang'ono pang'ono.Pambuyo pakuika chimphepo koski, tsanulirani mu magawo awiri: choyamba, madzi ayenera kuloledwa kuti alowe pang'ono, kenaka yikani madzi ndikutsanulira gawo lapansi.
Matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha chimphepo cha Kosovo ndi cyclamen ndi kangaude, zomwe zingachotsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhani ya matenda, nthawi zambiri zomera zimapezeka kuti zimayambitsa sulfure ndi zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo kuika mizu pamtunda.
Mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi cyclamen tissue zimakhudzidwa ndi fusarium, ndipo zotengerazo zimatsekedwa kwathunthu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni.
Ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti maluwawo amatha kulandira zakudya zoyenera komanso mofulumira amafa. Bowa akhoza kusungidwa pansi kapena patsinde kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyembekezera mphindi yabwino kuti ilowe muzu wa mbewu.
Pakadutsa zowola (matenda owopsa a bakiteriya), mphepo yamkuntho imatha msanga ndipo imawuma, kenako imadzaza mizu.
Matendawa amatengedwera kumunda kupyolera m'madzi pamene amathiridwa kapena kudzera mu chomera china. Chinthu chovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi matendawa n'chachabechabe, choncho chimangokhala kuwononga maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Mphuno ya imvi yowola imagwa pa cyclamen mothandizidwa ndi mphepo ndi madzi, makamaka ngati kutentha mu chipinda chiri chocheperachepera ndipo chinyezi chikhale chokwanira.
Kawirikawiri pali matenda a cyclamen ndi anthracosis, bowa yomwe imatha kukhala m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imakhudza dera la kukula kwa peduncles ndi masamba a zomera.
