Mattiola awiri - Chaka chilichonse chomera, okondedwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika 50 cm, masamba ndi aakulu-toothed, wobiriwira. Fungo la maluwa ndi lochepa kwambiri, losasangalatsa komanso losangalatsa, likuwonjezeka madzulo. Masana, zomera zimatseka maluwa ake, ndipo usiku umatsegula. Kwa iwo amene adaganiza zokongoletsa munda ndi mattiola awiri-nyanga, m'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za momwe tingabzalidwe ndikusamalira.
Kodi malo abwino kwambiri a mattiola ali kuti?
Pofuna kubzala maluwa muyenera kusankha malo abwino, chifukwa kuunika kwake ndi kukula kwa nthaka kudzakhudza kukula kwa mbewu ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
Kuunikira kwa kukula
Mattiola awiri chofunika kwambiri, Choncho, malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala oyenera. Kuda mdima kwa nthawi yayitali sikudzakhudza chomeracho, koma kubzala m'malo amdima kudzawononga mbewuyo kuti ikhale yosauka komanso yofooka. Ndifunikanso kuti Mattiola asawombedwe ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Ndi bwino kudzala duwa ili pabedi pafupi ndi gazebos, mabenchi kapena malo ena osangalalira m'dzikoli.
Gloxinia, orchid, laurel, vanda, ficus wa Benjamin, aihrizone, kolery, begonia, adenium ndi coleus ndi zomera zokonda kwambiri, choncho zimakula pokhapokha, pamalo otsegula bwino.
Zosowa za nthaka
Kuti maluwa a mattiol amere ndikukula bwino, ayenera kubzalidwa mchenga, kuwerengedwa kapena loamy kuti asalowe mbali. Sizowonjezera kufesa mbewu pomwe zomera zilizonse zamtunduwu zinakula kale, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti matenda a mattiola monga ma bowa ndi keel, akhudze.
Ndikofunikira! Mattiola awiri-nyanga samafuna chinyezi chochuluka m'nthaka, kotero musamazibzala m'madera ochepa.
Kufesa matepi awiri
Ngati mattiola akalima mbewu, ndiye kuti malingaliro a funso loti adzabzala liti, adzakhala chiyambi ndi pakati pa April. Zambiri kumadera akumwera amalola kufesa m'nyengo yozizira - mu November. Ngati tikamba za mbande, ndiye kuti ziyenera kukonzekera kumapeto kwa February ndi kumayambiriro kwa March.
Njira yopanda mbewu
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera pansi. Pochita izi, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, munthu ayenera kukumba nthaka mozama 30-40 masentimita, kenaka asakanikize ndi humus pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 7 pa mita imodzi yamtunda. Pambuyo pake, nthaka ili ndi feteleza ndi zokonzekera zovuta zamadzimadzi kapena gawo losalekerera lazitsamba. Kwa mita imodzi yokhala ndi masentimita atatu a ndalama.
M'chaka, musanayambe kubzala, nkofunika kumasula nthaka, kenaka musapange zozama (pafupifupi 0,5 cm) grooves, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zothira. Mbewu imasakanizidwa ndi mchenga, kuyang'ana chiwerengero cha 1:10 ndikufesedwa mofanana mu grooves. Kufesa kufunika kukonkha ndi dziko lapansi, osati kuzungulira, ndi kubwezeretsanso. Mphukira zoyamba zikhoza kuyembekezera patapita milungu iwiri mpaka awiri, ngati kufesa kumaperekedwa m'chaka. Ngati maluwawo anafesedwa m'dzinja, adzatuluka masika. Mukudziwa? Chomeracho chinatchedwa dzina lachidziwitso dokotala wotchuka wa ku Italy ndi botanist wa m'zaka za zana la XVI - Pietro Andrea Mattioli.
Njira ya mmera
Njira yobzala mbeu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa kale. Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka ndi zitsulo (mabokosi) masiku awiri musanafike. Zitsulo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera, zomwe zimawonjezera potaziyamu permanganate, ndiyeno zouma bwino.
Pansi pa bokosi muyenera kuyika miyala yochepa yomwe ingakhale ngati ngalande. Kenaka matankiwa amadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe limakonzedwa kuchokera ku dothi la mchenga ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 1. Nthaka imathiriridwa ndi madzi, mmenenso muyenera kuwonjezera potaziyamu permanganate.
Kuti mbewu ziphuke mofulumira, ziyenera kuthiridwa maola 24 m'madzi otentha kutentha. Amakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa ndi firiji kwa maola 24.
Pamapeto pa ntchito yonse yokonzekera, mukhoza kuyamba kufesa mbewu. Kuti tichite izi, mbeu zimapangidwa m'nthaka, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 4. Mbeuyi imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri zapakati. Mitengoyi ili ndi nthaka ndipo iyenera kuti ikhale yothira. Bokosilo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi ndi kuyeretsa malo otentha, koma amdima kwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu. 
Pambuyo pake, muyenera kusuntha chidebe mu chipinda chabwino, pomwe mukuchepetsa kutentha kwa 12-14 ° C. Ndikofunika kusintha boma la kutentha chifukwa chakuti kutentha kumapanga mapangidwe a masamba, komanso maluwa, adzachedwa.
Pamene mbande zikukula ndikubala masamba 2-3, zomera zimatha kuikidwa. Mphamvu zidzakwaniritsa - mapepala kapena magalasi apulasitiki, miphika ya peat, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mizu pamene mukuyimira pansi. Zitsulozi zimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe limakonzedwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi nthaka yothira masamba ndi kuwonjezera mchenga (1: 2: 1). Kumera mettioli, musanabzala, nkofunika kuthirira mochuluka.
Mukhoza kubzala mattiola pamalo okhalitsa pakatikati kapena kumapeto kwa May, kusunga mtunda wa masentimita 15-30 pakati pa mphukira. M'masiku oyambirira mutabzala, makamaka ngati nyengo ili yotentha, maluwa ayenera kukhala bwino.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mattiola atabzalidwa pafupi ndi mabedi a mbatata, chomeracho chidzakhala chodabwitsa kuopseza tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata.
Mmene mungasamalire maluwa
Chomera sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ngakhalenso wolima maulendo angamutsatire. Tiyeni tiwone zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula maluwa.
Kusamba malamulo
Mattioli amakonda nthaka yabwino, Choncho, ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yamvula. Koma musamatsanulire madzi ambiri panthawi, ndibwino kugawaniza madzi okwanira pang'onopang'ono kuti madzi ayende pang'onopang'ono ndipo ali ndi nthawi yopitilira mu nthaka.
Zosakaniza feteleza
Manyowa onse a mattiola amatsutsana, kotero mungagwiritse ntchito mchere wokhawokha wogula feteleza. Ndikofunika kuwasungunula m'madzi, kutsatira malangizo, ndikudyetsa. Ngati nthaka yayamba, njira zoterezi ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira 4 mpaka 6, chifukwa malo osauka - nthawi 6-8. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupeza maluwa ambiri, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa siteji ya mattiola budding.
Kusamalira dothi ndi kuchotsa udzu
Kuti mbeuyo ikhale ndi thanzi labwino pa nyengo yonse yokula, tifunika kusamalira njuchi nthawi zonse, kuchotsa namsongole ndi kumasula nthaka. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, kuti zisamawonongeke ndi mapesi osalimba a mattiola.
Matenda ndi tizirombo za duwa
- Kuthirira - Ntchito yovomerezeka mukusamalira mattiola. Koma nkofunika kuti musapitirize kuwonjezera nthaka, chifukwa kulakwitsa koteroko kungayambitse kuphulika kwa mizu, chifukwa cha maluwawo adzafota ndi kufa.
- Podziwa mtundu uliwonse wa kuwonongeka pa masamba, ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda ku masamba abwino. Ngati mukuyenera kuthana ndi matenda a fungal, zomera za matenda ziyenera kukumba ndi kuwotcha. Pambuyo pake, nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala odana ndi fungal.
- Ngati nyengo yowuma yaitali ikhoza kuwonekera. Amaoneka ngati mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono pa masamba. Mitengo yotere ikhoza kuwaza nkhuni phulusa.
- Ngati Mattiol akuzunguliridwa ndi whitegrass, m'pofunikira kuchiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mankhwala opatsirana monga Vertimek, Fastak, Lepidocid, Kemifos, Akarin, Angio, BI-58, Iskra Double Effect, Decis ndi Nemabact amateteza Mattiola ku tizilombo ndi tizilombo tina.
Mattiola awiri-mpakamvula komanso chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera munda. Sichifuna malo apadera oti kulima, komanso sichidziwikiratu m'masamalidwe awo, omwe ndi abwino osati odziwa bwino wamaluwa, komanso omwe akuyesera okha ku floriculture.
