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Mitedza ya phwetekere

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji tomato kuti ikule?

Zosiyanasiyana ndi hybrids wa tomato ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Aliyense wolima masamba akhoza kuwatola iwo chifukwa chodzala molingana ndi kukoma kwake - ena amakonda zipatso zazikulu, minofu, zina ngati zipatso zazing'ono ndi zokoma, ndipo wina amakakamizika kusankha mtundu wa nyengo za dera lawo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungasankhire tomato kuti mubzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutchire, ndi mitundu iti imene imapindulitsa kwambiri komanso ili ndi kukoma kwake.

Zosankha Zosankha

Kusankha mitundu ya phwetekere kawirikawiri kumadalira zinthu zambiri: malo odzala, otseguka kapena otetezedwa, kukoma kwa tomato, cholinga cha kulima (kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano, pickling, kuteteza), sheliti moyo wa masamba, kukana matenda ndi zina zambiri.

Pereka

Mitundu yodzikweza kwambiri imapereka zoposa 5 kg za masamba kuchokera pa 1 square. Kupititsa patsogolo. Mbewu zina zomwe zimakula zogulitsa malonda m'mabotolo amatha kupanga mbewu ya makilogalamu 20 a tomato kuchokera pa mita imodzi yobzala. Ndikofunika kuti zokolola zonse za tomato poyamba zikuluzikulu, chifukwa pamene mutabzala mbewu yotseguka pansi, zidzakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira pansi.

Onani mitundu yabwino ya tomato m'madera osiyanasiyana: Siberia, Urals, dera la Moscow, dera la Leningrad.

Kupeza mbewu yaikulu pamalo otsegulira ayenera kubzalidwa mitundu:

  • "Anastasia" - M'katikati mwa nyengo yaitali titafika 130 masentimita, ndi sing'anga zodzaza ndi zofiira kapena burgundy, mpaka 200 g. Zokolola za mitunduyi ndi 12 kg kuchokera 1 mamita obzala.
  • "Zamatsenga" - tchire ting'onoting'ono, titafika 120 cm, ndi zipatso zofiira zofiira 140 g. Zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo kayendedwe, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, sizikuwonekera ku matenda. Pa mafakitale, mungathe kufika kwa anthu 600 pa tomato kuchokera ku 1 hekitala yobzala.
  • "Mvula yamkuntho" - wamtali tchire chakuyamba kucha, kukhala ndi lalanje, wandiweyani, zipatso za oblong. Pokumbukira nyengo yabwino, mbewuyi ilipo makilogalamu 8 pa 1 mamita a kutuluka.
  • "Nastena F1" - Kutalika kwakukulu kofiira koyambirira, kufika masentimita 150 mu msinkhu, ndi zipatso zazikulu zofiira, mpaka 300 g Kukaniza kutentha, kutentha kwambiri ndi matenda. Kulima kumatha kufika makilogalamu 18 kuchokera pa 1 mamita okwera.
  • "Rasipiberi Yaikulu" - kalasi yoyamba yakucha ndi lalikulu pinki zipatso, masekeli kufika 800 g. Sizigonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndipo zimatsutsana ndi owononga.

Ndikofunikira! Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokolola sizikhala ndi fungo lamtengo wapatali komanso yamtengo wapadera chifukwa chakuti mphamvu zonse za zomerazi zimapanga mapangidwe ambiri, osati kuwonjezereka kwa mavitamini ndi shuga.

Kukula kwa zipatso ndi tchire

Kukula kwa tomato chipatso kungagawidwe mu:

  • lalikulu kwambiri (700-1000 g);
  • lalikulu (300-500 g);
  • choyimira;
  • pang'ono;
  • ochepa kwambiri ("Cherry").
Pakati pa zida zazikuluzikulu zikhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

  • "Mtima wa Bull" - phwetekere yamkatikatikati, ndi zipatso zokwana 600 g, ndi zokoma zamkati.
  • "Kudabwa kwa St. Andrew" - Kutalika kwa chitsamba kufika pa mamita awiri. Zotsalira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saladi. Large rasipiberi zipatso zimakula mpaka 700 g, zimakhala ndi yowutsa mudyo, minofu yamphongo ndi nambala yochepa ya mbewu.
  • "Chozizwitsa cha Dziko Lapansi" - zipatso zambiri zooneka ngati mtima ndi zokoma zamkati zamkati, zitha kufika 500 g
Mitundu yaing'ono:

  • "Msauka Wamtundu" - Osakanizidwa ndi kukula kwa zipatso zochepa, kufikira 50 g Kugwiritsa ntchito kusungirako.
  • "Chodabwitsa cha Dziko" - yaying'ono, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mandimu, tomato, masekeli 100 g. Zipatso za chitsamba chimodzi ndi zipatso 50.
  • "Tarasenko 2" - tchire zazikulu zomwe zimapanga maburashi akuluakulu a zipatso zazing'ono, zipatso zokwana 35 mpaka 60 g iliyonse ya chipatso pa tsango lililonse.
Wamaluwa amasangalala ndi kukongoletsa mitundu yaing'ono tomato "chitumbuwa". Amatha kukhala wamkulu m'minda ya masamba ndi maluwa a pawindo. Oimira otchuka kwambiri ndi "Green Pearl", "Lemon", "Honey Drop", "Masana", "Yantar".

Kutalika kwa tomato wa chitsamba kungagawidwe mu mitundu yotsatirayi:

  • Chotsimikizika (chitsamba chosadulidwa) - kutalika kwake kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 100. Ubwino wawo ndi wakuti tchire sichifunika kumangiriza ndi kuchotsa mphukira zochuluka.
  • Okhazikika (kukwera wamtali) - kukula mpaka mamita 2, pamene tchire amafunika kukhazikitsa zothandizira ndi kukhazikitsa chitsamba. Pachifukwachi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ya hybrid imagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa: muyezo (ndi timatabwa tating'ono); osakhala ofanana (tchire tating'ono omwe nthawi zambiri amagwera pansi pa kulemera kwake, kufunikira kukhazikitsa chithandizo).
  • Zapakatikati kapena zowerengeka - akhoza kufika kutalika kuyambira masentimita 80 mpaka 110.
Mitundu yaling'ono imaonedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pakati pa alimi a ndiwo zamasamba chifukwa chosowa chofunikira kuti asamalire komanso kusowa kwa kusowa tchire..

Kutulutsa nthawi

Pofika nthawi yakucha, tomato amagawidwa kukhala mitundu:

  • Kukula msinkhu - kucha kwa masiku 100. Tomato oterewa akuphatikizapo "Don Juan", "Oak", "Alpha", "Kudzazidwa Kwakuyera", "Valentine", "Amur shtamb".
  • Pakati-nyengo - kufika kukhwima ndi tsiku la 115. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: "Tsarevna", "Elephant Pink", "Akulina", "Hybrid 35", "Giant 5", "Volgograd".
  • Kutseka kochedwa - Masiku 117-130 ndi zofunika kuti asasitsidwe. Matatowa sali otchuka kwambiri, koma amakhala ndi moyo wambiri wa alumali. Izi zikuphatikizapo "Wonder of the World", "De Barao", "Brown Sugar", "Titan".
  • Mazira Oyambirira Oyambirira - mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa tomato, kucha m'masiku 70 okha. Mbewu ya mitundu yotero imalimbikitsira kutentha kutsika mpaka frosts - "Far North", "Nevsky", "Sanka", ndi "Little Red Riding Hood".

Mukudziwa? Nyamayi samakhala ndi kolesterolini, koma imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa fiber, vitamini A, C, pigment lycopene, yopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu, komanso "hormonone" ya serotonin.

Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo

Matenda owopsa komanso oopsa a tomato ndi ovuta kwambiri. Matenda ena ndi awa: matenda a bulauni, zofiira, maonekedwe a imvi, mwendo wakuda, kuvunda kofiira, kuphulika kwa zipatso. Kwa tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa tomato timaphatikizapo medvedka, udzu wambiri, mbozi, zotupa, whiteflies. Njira zothandizira olima m'minda kupewa matenda ndizo:

  • kulandira mbewu musanamere mbande ndi potaziyamu permanganate;
  • nthaka ikugwiritsidwa ntchito;
  • kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kusintha malo kuti mutenge kubwalo.
Poganizira zochitika za matendawa, zinyama zosakanizidwa ndi matendawa zimachokera:

  • "Boheme" - Wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa ndi zipatso zolemetsa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pamphuno ya zidutswa zisanu. Kukonzekera - mpaka 6 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba.
  • "Blitz" - Zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu ya masiku 80. Kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa, fodya, Fusarium, Septoria ndi necrosis.
  • "Opera F1" - oyambirira wakucha wosakanizidwa amafika kutalika mamita 1. Chabwino amapereka matenda: fitoftoroz, malo oyera, zithunzi, fomoz, necrosis.
  • Spartak F1 - Mitundu yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu mpaka 200 g. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi cladosporia, blight, fusarium, mosaic, mwendo wakuda.
  • "Virtuoso F1" - indeterminantny kalasi yopikisana ndi lakuthwa kutentha kusinthasintha, kusintha magetsi ndi wowonjezera kutentha zinthu. Tomato akulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa, mizu yovunda, fusarium, mosaic, cladosporia, ndi blackleg.

Sungani moyo

Mitundu yokha yomwe ili ndi jini yomwe imaletsa kusasitsa ndi moyo wamtali wautali. Kawirikawiri izi ndi zakutchire zakucha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kusungidwa bwino. Masambawa amakololedwa pamtunda woyambirira wa zipatso zopsa ndi kupeza kuwala kofiirira. Zimakhala zonunkhira mtsogolo, pa mpweya kutentha kwa 18 ° C.

Kukhala ndi hybrids kwa nthawi yayitali ndi:

  • "Dominator", "Lazar", "Radical" - yosungidwa kwa mwezi woposa 1;
  • "Giraffe", "Farm Salt" - Salafu moyo mpaka miyezi inayi;
  • "Lazybok", "Chaka Chatsopano", "Long Kiper" - sataya kukoma kwake mpaka January chaka chamawa.

Ndikofunikira! Tomato yosungirako yaitali amakhala ndi peel wambiri, wotchulidwa kununkhira ndi kukoma. Izi ndizo chifukwa chakuti kukonzanso kwawo kumachitika m'dera lopangira.

Mavuto akukula

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa tomato ku nyengo. Zobzala kumpoto kwa tomato, zomwe zimasinthidwa kumwera kwa nyengo, sizidzatha kupereka zokolola zabwino, komanso mosiyana.

Komabe, obereketsa ochulukirapo amapanga mitundu yonse yomwe ingabale zipatso mu nyengo iliyonse.

Mitundu yabwino ya tomato pokula mu greenhouses:

  • "Maluwa Ophukira" - Kupatsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokolola koyambirira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito populumutsa. Phalasitiki ya Multipartum yomwe ili ndi zipatso zosalala, zowonjezera, pinki.
  • "Miyendo ya Banana" - mkulu zipatso tomato, zachilendo oblong mawonekedwe ndi lakuthwa mapeto ndi okoma zamkati zamkati. Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikudutsa 60 masentimita. Zipatso ziri ndi kukoma kokhazikika pamene salting, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera ma sala ndi saladi.
  • "Angel Angel" - ultraearly zosawerengeka zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizikusowa wopeza. Zipatso za pinki zimakonda zokoma. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga saladi.
  • "Renet" - shrub yochepa yofiira mpaka 40 cm wamtali, koma wochuluka kwambiri komanso wathanzi. Osasankha nyengo. Zipatso zolemera zimafikira 100 g.
    • Kukula kumalo obiriwira, mitundu yotsatirayi ikuyeneretsanso: Bison wa shuga, Maryina Roshcha, Mikado Rosy, Mirasi ya Raspiberi, Honey Honey, Kutsanulira Bely, Verlioka Plus, Red Guard, Kadinali. "

Zosiyanasiyana zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kunja:

  • "Roma" - determinant shrub mpaka 60 masentimita. Zipatso za mawonekedwe oyambirira oblong, ofiira, ofiira ndi okoma. Zokwanira ndizoyenera kwa salting, komanso kwa ntchito yatsopano.
  • "Anastasia" - Maonekedwe a hybrid ndi zipatso zazikulu zofiira kwambiri, zofiira 200 g. Kukaniza matenda ndi kusasamala mosamala.
  • "Mvula yamkuntho" - chitsamba choyambirira, chimakula mpaka masentimita 100. Amapatsa zipatso zambiri zofiira. Gwiritsani ntchito salting kapena kumalongeza.
Mukudziwa? Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku liwu la Chiitaliya "phwetekere" kumatanthauza "apulo wa golidi". Ku France, ndiwo zamasamba amatchedwa "apulo wachikondi", komanso ku Germany - "paradise apple".

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tomato

Sizowonjezera kukhala ndi ma tomato abwino kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya zamasamba imalimidwa lero, ndipo nambala ya mitundu ndi hybrid imakula chaka ndi chaka.

Kukhazikika (kukwera) tomato

Kukula kwa tomato kumatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha zokolola zawo komanso kukula msanga. Oimira ambiri ndi awa:

  • "De Barao" - chitsamba chachikulu cha mamita awiri, chomwe chiri ndi zokolola zambiri. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zowutsa mudyo komanso minofu.
  • "Admiral" - kwambiri, phwetekere mwamsanga, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa onse saladi ndi kusungidwa.
  • "Frant" - hybrid yoyenera kulima pamalo otseguka ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Amalekerera nyengo yozizira.
  • The Mustang Scarlet - wamtali shrub ndi wamng'ono (300 g), yowutsa mudyo, zipatso za tonkoshkurimi.
  • "Commissioner" - Wosakanizidwa ndi korona wapamwamba, zipatso zazing'ono. Kulimbana ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda.

Tomato osakaniza

Kawirikawiri, ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba omwe amadziwika bwino ndi matenda komanso kutentha kwake.

Nkhumba za Semideterminant zili ponseponse:

  • "Magnus F1" - zipatso zoyambirira za mtundu wofiira wofiira ndi wolemera mpaka 160 g. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisungidwe ndi saladi.
  • "Hlynovsky F1" - lalikulu-fruited chitsamba ndi minofu wofiira zipatso, kufika 220 g
  • "Baron F1" - wosakanizidwa yakucha kucha, ali ndi zipatso zofiira zowonongeka mpaka 140 g ndi zodabwitsa zokoma.
  • "Gunin F1" - oyambirira kucha mphesi kupereka chokoma wofiira zipatso masekeli kufika 120 g
  • "Mzere Wofiira F1" - tsamba lofatsa-wosakanizidwa, lomveka bwino shading. Zipatso zoyambirira zolemera mpaka 120 g zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Mukudziwa? Mdziko lonse lapansi muli ndi mikangano yambiri pa tomato. Botany imawaika ngati zipatso, Khoti Lalikulu la ku United States linaganiza mu 1893 kuti awaitane ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo mu 2001 European Union inaganiza zoika tomato zipatso.

Chodziwika (chitsamba) tomato

Zipatso zoyamba kucha zomwe zikukolola zabwino. Oimira otchuka kwambiri a mitundu ndi awa:

  • "Dubko" - oyambirira kucha, osagonjetsedwa ndi vuto lochedwa, kupereka zipatso zofiira kwambiri ndi kukoma kokoma kokoma.
  • "Honey cream" - amasiyana nthawi yosungirako. Zipatso ziri mu mawonekedwe a plums, zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, zoyenera kuti zisungidwe.
  • "Sanka" - Wosakanizidwa wamakono oyambirira ndi tchire tating'ono tofika kutalika kwa masentimita 40. Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, zofiira.
  • "Bagheera F1" - wosakanizidwa akale ndi zipatso zazikulu kufika 220 g. Zabwino zolekerera.
  • "Rio Grande" - zochuluka zopindulitsa, zazikulu shrub, kufika 60 masentimita pamwamba, ndi ngakhale ngakhale zazing'ono za zipatso zapangidwe. Zokwanira kumalongeza, ndi mtundu uliwonse wa processing.

Kusankha mitundu ya phwetekere ndi kosiyana kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri yosankha mitundu yabwino ya chikhalidwe, pamakhala kusowa kwa tomato kwa mitundu yonse ya ntchito.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa