Gawo lotetezeka la disinfected - chikole cha mphukira zamphamvu ndi zathanzi za mbande. Kotero, mfundo yoyamba yokonzekera mbeu yofesa. Processing akhoza kuchitidwa ndi wowerengeka njira kapena ntchito mankhwala kapena tizilombo kukonzekera. Kuti mudziwe njira yamakono yomwe ili yoyenera pa webusaiti yanu, ganizirani njira zofala, zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza.
N'chifukwa chiyani mukusowa?
Mlimi asanayambe kubzala mbande ndi kofunika kuti mbeu imere ndi kukhazikitsa zomwe angathe. Kuphuka kwa mabala kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kuthekera kwa zakudya zamchere zowonjezera kuti ziloĊµe mu utsi wa zomera. 
Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Yembekezerani kuti muli ndi fruiting kapena maluwa kuchokera ku malo oterewa.
Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono mu supuni ya nthaka ndi 2 kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lapansi.Pofuna kuteteza mbewu, alimi ambiri a maluwa ndi alimi a zamasamba amagula zitsulo za nthaka. Koma njirayi imafuna ndalama zamalonda ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira yodalirika, alimi ambiri amakhulupirira kusintha kwa pachaka kwa nthaka ndi kuchizira mankhwala pakhomo.
Zosankha za disinfection
Mu arsenal ya wamaluwa pali njira zambiri. Ena amafuna scalding, akuwotcha kapena kuzizira gawo lapansi, pamene ena, osafuna kutaya nthawi yambiri, madzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Tiyeni tifufuze mwatsatanetsatane kuti ndi bwino kwambiri kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanabzalitse mbande kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa bwino komanso zogula.
Mudzidziwe nokha ndi malamulo akukula mbande za tomato, tsabola, biringanya, kabichi, leek, zukini, strawberries.
Kuzizira
Njira imeneyi imalingaliridwa kuti ndi yophweka komanso yamba. Dothi ladothi la mbande lokolola mu kugwa. Imaikidwa m'thumba lathumba ndipo imachitika m'nyengo yozizira ku chisanu.
Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale pansi pamtunda wotentha kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi, popeza mitundu ina ya tizilombo tizilombo sitidzafa mwachidule. 
Pambuyo pa kuzizira, gawo lapansi limayikidwa kutentha kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, kuyembekezera kudzutsidwa kwa mphutsi za tizirombo ndi mbewu zamsongole.
Kenaka thumba limabwereranso kukazizira. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yotentha komanso kunja ndi yosakwana -15 ° C, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Kusungunuka kumatsutsana mosiyana ndi magawo a biohumus, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zowonjezera timapereka panthawi yoteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ambiri mwachitetezo choteteza chitetezo amawombera katatu. Koma mwa njira iyi ndizosatheka kuthetsa zovuta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuwerengera
Njirayi imagwiritsira ntchito kutentha gawolo kuti likhale ndi kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumathandiza kuti zidziwulule. Poyamba, nthaka yosakaniza imatsanulira mu beseni ndikutsanulira madzi pang'ono otentha.
Kenaka, zomwe zili mu chidebe zimakhala zitakhazikika pang'ono, zimasakanizidwa bwino ndipo zimayikidwa pa pepala lophika ndi wosanjikiza mpaka masentimita asanu 5. Pambuyo pochita zolakwika, nthaka ikhoza kutumizidwa ku uvuni. 
Nkofunika kuti musapitirize kutentha ndi nyengo, chifukwa chikhalidwe chotentha kwambiri chimapangitsa kuti nayitrojeni ikhale mineralization, chifukwa chakuti nthaka imataya zakudya, ndipo zina zimalephera kufesa. Mphindi 30, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhetsedwa mu uvuni, kuika nthawi yake pa 90 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yotetezera dothi, kumapeto kwa ndondomeko ndikofunikira kugona mu zoyera, zitsulo zamaklorini.
Kutentha
Teknoloji yotereyi yachitsulo imatenga nthawi yochuluka, koma imakhala yofatsa, poyerekeza ndi kukula kwakukulu.
Nthaka imathiridwa mu sieve yaing'ono yachitsulo, yomwe imayikidwa mu thumba lathumba. Mukhoza kuchita zosiyana: kutsanulira nthaka m'thumba ndikuyiyika pa galasi. Amaika chidebe cha madzi pamoto, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa ndikuyika galasi pansi. Onetsetsani kuti madzi samasuntha kwathunthu. Kutentha kwapakati kumachitika kwa maola 1.5. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tsatirani ndondomeko za bungwe ndi kayendedwe ka madzi osamba, musadumphire nthaka kusakaniza. Apo ayi, musangotenga mtanda wokhawokha, koma osakhala ndi thanzi lokha komanso lothandiza.
Izi ndi zomwe anthu ogwira ntchito ku tchuthi amayamba kudandaula nazo, omwe agwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi yowonongeka. Ambiri, owopa wosabala komanso osayenera kwa mbande osakaniza, asanamwe kufesa mbewu mujakiteriya wake.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Ngati mwasagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogula, choyamba muyenera kusankha momwe mungakhalire munda: fungicides, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena potassium permanganate.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mupange 2 cm a nthaka yachonde, mukusowa zaka zana.
Zina mwazofalitsa zomwe zimapangidwira bwino kwambiri - "Fitosporina", "Alirina B", "Trichodermina", "Extrasola", "Planriz", "Gliokladina" ndi "Baikal EM-1". 
Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti phindu la microflora likhale lothandiza komanso kuthetsa kutopa kuchokera ku dothi lopsa komanso kutentha kwa nthaka, kumene zomera zimalimidwa chaka ndi chaka.
Pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi biologics, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatuluka m'nthaka, poizoni wa chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu imachepa, kuchuluka kwa fluorine, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi magnesium kumawonjezeka.
Agrochemists amachokera ku mndandanda wa mankhwala ogwira ntchito "Trichodermin". Lili ndi fungal mycelium Trichoderma lignorum, yomwe imalola kuti chitukuko cha khansa ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo tizilombo tiziyenda.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikukonzekera pa mlingo wa 1 g ya mankhwala pa 1 l madzi. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo, kuyang'anira njira zawo zokhazokha, pokhapokha ku botolo la kutsitsi. 
Alimi ena samapanga chitukuko cha mafakitale a agrochemical nthawi zambiri "agogo ake" njira. Iwo amapanga mu kuwaza kuphika nthaka kusakaniza ndi tincture wa adyo, mpiru kapena calendula.
Ndikofunikira! Musawononge mankhwala ndi potaziyamu permanganate sod-podzolic acidic nthaka, chifukwa mankhwalawa amathandizira kupititsa patsogolo mchere.
Mankhwala
Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu pokhapokha ngati agrotechnical ndi tizilombo njira zopanda mphamvu.
Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri m'gulu lino ndi potassium permanganate, yomwe ndi yabwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Njira yothandizira imakonzedwa kuchokera kuwerengero ya 3 g ya mankhwala pa ndowa ya madzi. Ayenera kuthirira madzi kwambiri nthaka yophika. Malingana ndi akatswiri, njira iyi ndi yoyenera malo obiriwira ndi greenhouses pokha kuphatikizapo mankhwala ena owopsa: Aktara, Bingu, Inta-Vir, ndi Iskra.
Zimakhulupirira kuti pokonza nthaka ndi potaziyamu permanganate, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timamwalira pamtunda pamwamba pake, ndikofunika kuwaza mkuwa sulphate (50 g / 10 l) masiku 15 musanabzala mbande.
Ngati mukufuna kukonza mbewu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi fusarium, imvi yovunda ndi sclerotinia, nkofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi "Iprodion". Mankhwalawa amangosakanikirana ndi gawo lapansi kapena amabalalika kuzungulira wowonjezera kutentha.
Mukudziwa? 27% ya thumba ladziko la nthaka yakuda liri ku Ukraine.
Kuphulika kwa ufa kumagwira ntchito kwambiri, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuperewera kwa zinthu ndikuti zomera zambiri zimachita zoipa kwa mtundu wa chlorine. Pofuna kuteteza thupi la wowonjezera kutentha, agronomists amalangiza kukhazikitsa masabata awiri asanayambe kubzala mbewu.
Pofuna kukonza njira yothetsera vutoli, m'pofunikira kuthetsa 40 g wa mankhwala mu kapu yamadzi, ndikutsanulira chisakanizo mu ndowa. Thupi limalangizidwa kuti ligwiritse ntchito mbewu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwa blackleg. 
Pambuyo pokonza, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba pansi ndi zojambulazo, ndipo patapita masiku atatu muchotseni ndikukonzeratu wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zatsimikiziridwa kuti kutuluka kwa thupi kumatuluka ndipo sikuwononga zomera.
Chifukwa cha disinfection ya greenhouses komanso yoyenera mankhwala fungicide "TMTD", yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe owuma ndi kuyimitsidwa.
Onani mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe angakuthandizeni kuti musamalire munda: "PhytoDoctor", "Ecosil", "Nemabakt", "Shining-1", "Nurell D", "Oksihom", "Actofit", "Ordan" "Fufanon".
Mmene mungasinthire acidity ya nthaka
Pangani mikhalidwe yabwino kwa mbande mwa kusintha ma acidity a nthaka. Ndipotu, si chinsinsi kwa wina aliyense kuti chilengedwe cha acidic chimalimbikitsa kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ganizirani njira zomwe mungachepetse ndikuwonjezeretsa pH za zomwe mukuchita.
Kulimbikitsa
Mapamwamba a pH (kuyambira 7 mpaka 8.5 amayunitsi) amasonyeza gawo lamchere. 
Choncho, ngati zolinga - kubzala masamba zomera, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri dothi lochepa, muyenera kutenga miyeso yowonjezera acidity.
Mukudziwa? Pakutha maola 24 kuchokera kumunda akhoza kunyamula 5 masentimita a chonde cha nthaka.
Wotchuka ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito citric acid. Zokwanira kuthetsa supuni 2 za mankhwala mu chidebe cha madzi. Mwinanso mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito oxalic acid kapena apulo cider viniga.
Nthaka imatsanulira mowolowa manja pa njira yothetsera. Panthawi ya kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa malo okwana mita imodzi, 10 malita a madzi adzafunika. 
Alimi ena amalangizidwa kuti aziwonjezera acidity padziko lapansi ndi sulfure ndi peat. Zina mwa cholinga chimenechi zimatsanulira electrolyte ya batri.
Kutaya
Pakuti kabichi, katsitsumzukwa, nkhaka ndi zomera zina zomwe zimakula bwino mu malo amchere, acidified nthaka kusakaniza ayenera kuwaza ndi fuzz odziwika bwino kapena dolomite, pulasitala yakale. Ngakhale fumbi la simenti ndiloyenera kwa izi. 
N'zosatheka kusankha kuchokera ku zinthu zonse zomwe zimasinthidwa zomwe zimadalirika kwambiri komanso zopanda phindu kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za zakudya za gawolo.
Akatswiri amalangiza choyamba kuti agwiritse ntchito njira za agrotechnical, koma ngati alibe mphamvu, atengere zamoyo komanso nthawi zambiri zokonzekera mankhwala.
Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo towononga, komanso kuti tisamawononge michere ya microflora, kuti tiipindule.
