Ndani angaganize kuti kabichi yodziwika kwa onse ikhoza kukula osati kokha kwa gastronomic zolinga, komanso monga zokongoletsera za chiwembu chanu. Zoonadi, izi sizikukhudza mutu wa masamba awa, koma za chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe lero chiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kodi kabichi ndi yodabwitsa bwanji komanso momwe ingakulire bwino - werengani.
Kulongosola kwa chikhalidwe
The kabichi kwa kukongoletsera kuswana, zomwe tidzanena za kubzala ndi kusamalira kanthawi pang'ono, ndi biennial chomera mpaka 80 masentimita pamwamba (nthawizina kwambiri). Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankhidwa, mtundu wa masamba ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi emerald wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira kuti pinki wotumbululuka, pichesi kapena wofiirira. Mapepala amapepala amadziwika ndi maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi, popeza m'lifupi mwake amakhala masentimita 30 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60.
Kukula kwa chikhalidwe kumathera pafupi ndi mapeto a chilimwe, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ake angakondwere ngakhale theka la autumn.
Ndikofunikira! M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, masamba okongoletsa amapanga masamba, koma amatha pachimake ndi kubereka chipatso chotsatira.Pokumbukira momwe masamba angapangidwire, tchire zonsezi ziyenera kugawidwa ngati zokometsera zowonongeka, zowonongeka komanso za festoonoobrazno-zoonda.
Mitengo yokhwima imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa chisanu ndipo imatha kulekerera kutentha kwa -12 ° C, pamene mbande zimapirira mpaka mpaka -4 ° C. 
Mitundu yotchuka
Kalelo, mtundu wa kabichi wotchulidwawo unali ndi zomera zowonjezera, koma nthawi inadza pamene maluwa ake aakulu adadzutsa chidwi pakati pa botanist ndi obereketsa. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, kusankhidwa kwa zomera kunayamba, chifukwa lero pali mitundu iwiri yokongoletsera ya masamba awa: rosette ndi wamtali.
Kudziwa nokha ndi kabichi oyimira monga kolifulawa, Peking kabichi, Kale kabichi, woyera kabichi, savoy, Chinese.Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo zomera, mawonekedwe omwe ali ofanana kwambiri ndi munda wamba, ndi tsinde lalifupi. Komabe, masamba a khola lake amalowa maluwa akuluakulu, kotero kuti amasintha maluwa okongola. Ndi mitundu iyi imene yatchuka kwambiri, choncho sivuta kuti ikhale nayo. Mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera kabichi imaphatikizapo zotsatirazi (zithunzi ndi mayina omwe akuchitira kale umboni wa kukongola kwawo):
- "Tokyo" - imaimiridwa ndi zomera zing'onozing'ono, kufika pamtunda wa 30 cm. Zili ndipakati kwambiri, zosiyana kwambiri ndi masamba obiriwira otsika mumdima wozungulira.
- "Osaka" - amadziwika ndi pinki kapena yoyera masamba (akhoza kukhala ovunda kwambiri kapena ambiri molunjika), kunja mofanana ndi zosiyana siyana. Zingwezo zimakwana 45 masentimita awiri ndi 60 cm mu msinkhu.
- "Nagoya "- chomera champhamvu chokhala ndi masamba ofiira kapena oyera.
- "Fungo lachitsulo" - limakula mpaka masentimita 50 m'litali ndipo lili ndi masamba okongola kwambiri.
Ndi kabichi yokongola kwambiri kukongoletsa ndi zomera zomwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mtengo wa kanjedza. Zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwazitali, zowonongeka ndi masamba akuluakulu. Mtundu wa masamba a masambawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kuchokera ku mdima wofiira kukhala woyera (ndi mithunzi yosiyana). Chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta ya obereketsa, tsopano ndi kotheka kukula mitundu ndi masamba, mapulaneti ndi masamba ovunda, omwe adzakhala okongola kwenikweni a munda wanu kapena bedi la maluwa. Posankha zomera za mitundu iyi muyenera kumvetsera mitundu yambiri yotchuka:- "Mpweya wofiira" - m'mimba mwake wafika ku 70 masentimita, masamba ofiira amapezeka kuzungulira tsinde.
- "Chilankhulidwe cha lark" - zobiriwira zokongola zobiriwira, masamba obiridwa komanso opota.
- "Mosbakhskaya" - chomeracho chili ndi mawonekedwe ofiira, okhala ndi tsinde lakuya kuyambira 20 mpaka 60 masentimita. Masambawo ndi ofiira achikasu ndipo amawala kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba Agiriki adatembenukira ku kabichi zakutchire, akuyamba kulima m'zaka za m'ma IV BC. erAmbiri wamaluwa amasankha zina, mofanana ndi zokongola za yokongola kabichi, monga, Sunrise, Purple Pigeon, Pink Heron, Blue Giant, ndi zina zotero.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Mbande zabwino zoyenera kukula kukula kabichi. Poganizira kuti mbeu za mbeu zimakhala zazikulu ndipo sizili zambiri m'thumba, ndi bwino kufesa mbewu mu miphika yaing'ono, kuti asavutike ndi kuika mvula m'nyengo ya chilimwe (pambuyo "kutengana" mumzuwo mwamsanga).
Ndi bwino kufesa chikhalidwe kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa April, ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi wachiwiri wa masika, zimamera mbande zikhoza kutengedwa kupita ku dacha ndi kuziika pawindo lazitali kwambiri, ngakhale ngati nyengo ikuloleza, zidzakhala zabwino pamsewu.
Kuwala kwa chisanu achinyamata zomera sachita mantha, koma kupitirira kwa kutentha, kumathandizidwa ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, kungachititse kuti amphamvu akakamize kabichi.
Ngati simukufuna "kusewera ndi miphika", ndiye kuti mukhoza kufesa mbewu pa sitepe, kuyembekezera kuti chipale chogwa (nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pakati pa April). Mbewu ziyenera kumangidwa ndi zojambulazo, ndipo zikadzakula (nthawiyi ikufika pa Meyi), zidzatheka kuziyika kuzigawo zina za munda (ngati izi ziri zofunika kwambiri).
N'zoona kuti, kulima kulikonse, ndikofunika kulingalira zofunikira za yokongola kabichi ku zikhalidwe za malo ndi dothi, mwinamwake kulima kwake, ngakhale kulimbikitsa kwambiri, sikudzabweretsa zotsatira zake.
Kusankha malo
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya chikhalidwe chofotokozedwa bwino ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi chikondi chapamwamba, ngakhale kuti imakhala yabwino pamthunzi wa mthunzi, makamaka ngati simukudandaula za mtundu wake wa ma dimmer ndi kukula kwake.
Posankha malo oti mubzalidwe, onetsetsani kuti mukuganiza kukula kwa munda, ndipo, ndithudi, zomwe mumakonda. Ngakhale alimi ena samasiya kuganizira mbewu monga masamba, kubzala m'munda wawo, ena amatchula kukongoletsa kabichi koposa kukongoletsa mabedi awo kapena minda. 
Chaka ndi chaka ndi maluwa osatha akhoza kukhala moyandikana ndi maluwa ogona, omwe, monga kabichi, adzafika pachimake chokongoletsa mtengo pafupi ndi kuyamba kwa autumn.
Kawirikawiri, kukula chikhalidwe m'miphika yayikulu kumatengedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri, popeza muli ndi chidebe cha 10-15 malita, imakula bwino. Mbewu zitatu zikhoza kufesedwa mu chidebe choterechi, kenako, mpaka atafika maonekedwe okongoletsera, n'zosavuta kuchotsa kwinakwake kumbali imodzi kuti asasokoneze.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kukonza kabichi mu chidebe nthawi zonse, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse (nthawi yotentha kwambiri - tsiku lililonse) ndipo manyowa osachepera 1 pa sabata.
Nthaka
Kabichi yokongoletsera imakhala yabwino pa dothi la mchenga ndi loamy, ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri komanso kukwaniritsa malo okongoletsera, malo oti chodzala ayenera kukonzekera kugwa. 
Panthawiyi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka (3-4 makilogalamu a kompositi, 20 g ya ammonium sulphate, 15 g ya potassium chloride ndi 42 g ya superphosphate amadziwika kuti 1 mamita).
Zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kusakaniza ziyenera kuikidwa m'nthaka, ndipo ngati zili ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi, ndiye kuti laimu ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zigawo zomwe zalembedwa.
Pakubwera kasupe, musanayambe kukongoletsa kabichi, nthaka yomwe ili pamalowo imamasulidwa ndipo imayimitsidwa. Ndibwino kuti musankhe malo omwe kabichi (ngakhale kukongoletsera) isanakhale tomato, nyemba, anyezi, mizu ndi nkhaka.
Kodi kukula mbande?
Kabichi iliyonse, yokongoletsera ndi yamba, pamene ikukula kuchokera ku mbewu, idzafuna kudziwa zinazake kuchokera kwa inu, ndipo izi sizomwe zimangokhala zowonjezera nthawi yobzala. 
Choyamba, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pa nkhani ya mbeu ndi kukonzekera nthaka, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yoyamba (tiyerekeze kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito miphika).
Mbewu ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka
M'masitolo amakono a maluwa, pali mitundu yambiri yokongola ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongola ya kabichi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale chofunika kwambiri cha chilimwe chidzatha kusankha njira yeniyeni ya chiwembu chake (yang'anani chithunzi pa phukusi).
Mukudziwa? Chomera chokongola chimakula mofulumira kuposa chakudya chodziwika chobzala m'munda.Kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndipo posakhalitsa ziwonetsetsa zotsatira zabwino, kutsatira malangizo a anthu okhalamo chilimwe, akuyenera kukonzekera bwino kubzala. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuthira mbewu mumadzi osowa, koma ndi kuwonjezera kwa feteleza.
Ndi zophweka kumaliza ntchitoyi: tenga chidutswa cha bandage kapena gauze ndikuwongolera bwino mu kusakaniza kusonyezedwa, ndiye msinkhu ndikuyika mbewuzo pamwamba. Chofunika ndi kabichi zakutsogolo ziyenera kusunthira ku malo ozizira, amdima ndikuchokapo kwa pafupifupi sabata.Mbeu ikadzangoyamba "naklyututsya", mutha kupita kumalo okonzeka.
Kwa zokongoletsera kabichi zomwe zinabzalidwa pa mbande, gawo lokhala ndi mchenga, peat ndi gawo limodzi la nthaka (2: 1: 2) ndi yangwiro. Ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kukonzekera dzikolo pozilemba m'munda kapena m'munda.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuchiza ndi njira yofooka ya manganese: chifukwa chikho chimodzi chokha cha madzi, khungu lochepa chabe la potassium permanganate ndilokwanira kuti madziwo asamalire. 
Kulowera
Mbewu ya kabichi ya mtundu wokongoletsera imayikidwa mu nthaka isanayambe kumasulidwa, kutsatira ndondomeko ya 5 × 5 cm.Kangoyamba kumene mphukira zowonekera, mbewu zimayenera kuchepetsedwa, zimangokhala zamphamvu kwambiri kukula.
Nthaka ikauma, imamera madzi ndi kubwezeretsa nthaka. Mbewu imatha kuikidwa pamalo osatha a kukula mu masiku 30-45 kuchokera nthawi yobzala. Pa malo atsopano, mbande zimayikidwa motsatira ndondomeko 70 ndi 70 cm.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka ndi chisamaliro chotsatira
Pambuyo pake mudzafunika kusinthitsa zomera ku miphika kupita kumalo osatha a kukula kwawo. Idzakhala gawo lapadera m'munda kapena gawo la maluwa - mumasankha, koma mulimonsemo nkofunika kudziwa momwe ntchitoyi ikuchitira molondola. 
Kuika kabichi
Nthawi yomweyo ndiyenera kunena kuti yokongola mitundu ya kabichi imalola kulembera bwino, ndipo ngati muli ndi lalikulu comedy earthy, mukhoza kuchita njirayi 2-3 nthawi yonse ya kukula chomera.
Yesetsani kuchotsa aliyense payekha, kuti asamawononge mizu, ndiyeno muyikeni mosamala mu dzenje lokonzekera (kukula kwake kukhale kakang'ono kuposa kukula kwa dziko lapansi).
Mukudziwa? Madzi a kabichi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu cosmetology, chifukwa amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lokonzanso.Mungathe kuthandiza kabichi kuti ikhale mizu m'malo atsopano mothandizidwa ndi kuvala ndi mankhwala a 1.5% feteleza, mwachitsanzo, Kemira-Lux. Monga tanena kale, malo okwera malo otseguka ndi 70 × 70 cm.
Zosamalira
Mutabzala pa siteti yanu mudzawasamaliranso, omwe, mwa njira, si ovuta kwambiri. Chofunikira chachikulu ndi kuthirira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, koma kuti mupange ntchito yanu mosavuta komanso kuti musagwiritse ntchito ndondomeko kawirikawiri, mungathe kumangoyamba nthaka.
Grass, udzu kapena matabwa a nkhuni zidzakuthandizani kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, komanso kumapeto kwa zinthu zoterezi kumateteza kabichi wanu kuti usakhale ndi udzu wambiri udzu.
Ndikofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika, ndikulepheretsa kapena kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda m'nthawi yake kapena kuti tione tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - tifufuze mosamala zomera zonse tsiku ndi tsiku.
Maluwa okongoletsa kabichi amabwera kuzungulira pakati pa chilimwe ndipo amatha mpaka October. 
Komabe, kuti mukhalebe ndi mawonekedwe abwino nthawi zonse, simungathe kuchita popanda kuvala nthawi ndi udzu (monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kabichi iyi imapanga mpweya wolemera kwambiri, womwe umapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi tsinde lokhazikika).
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa masamba (ndiko kuti, mwezi wa June) zomera zimadyetsedwa ndi chotsitsa cha mullein, pambuyo pake amatha kupuma pang'ono ndikudyetsa chisakanizo kachiwiri (zolembazo zimachokera ku gawo limodzi la zinthu zofunikira m'madzi 10).
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti tiwonjezere manyowa kunthaka, ngati masamba adzakhala aakulu kwambiri, koma kukongoletsa kwabwino kudzachepa (mtundu wa masamba ndiwo makamaka wobiriwira).
Manyowa amchere (mwachitsanzo, nitroammofosku) angathe kugula m'masitolo apadera, kenaka sungunulani 20 g wa mankhwala mu chidebe cha madzi ndi madzi mbewu zonse. 
Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Zambiri kuposa tizirombo zonse, zokongola kabichi mitundu zimakhala ndi slugs, mizu utitiri ndi mbozi, ngakhale amavulaza makamaka zomera zazing'ono, ndipo amene ali amphamvu si oopsa kwambiri.
Dziwani zambiri za matenda a kabichi.Phulusa, tsabola ndi fodya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomera polima fumbi pambuyo poti ulimi wothirira udzathandizira kuchotsa nthata (ayenera kumamatira masamba). Muzimitsuka bwino tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasamba, ngakhale kuti amabwerabe ndi nthawi.
Kuchotsa slugs kumathandiza kuveketsa dziko lapansi ndi zokometsera bwino za dzira, masingano kapena phulusa lomwelo, koma, moona, sapezeka m'mabedi a maluwa, makamaka nthawi yamvula. 
Chowopsya kutali agulugufe amathandiza kubzala pakati kabichi marigolds, yomwe nthawi yomweyo idzakongoletsa duwa bedi, mpaka kabichi kufika pachimake cha kukongoletsa kwenikweni. Ntchito yoteteza yotereyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera zina: basil, calendula ndi katsabola.
Ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi slugs ndi mbozi, ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamabedi pamanja, ngakhale ngati kabichi yokongoletsera siigwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya, ndiye kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatsimikizira kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kusinthasintha kwa mbeu nthawi zonse, kusunga mlingo wofunikira wa nthaka acidity ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zamakonzedwe ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzathandiza kupeĊµa kuwonongeka kwa minda ndi matenda a mizu (mwachitsanzo, ndi keel kapena fomoz).
Kodi n'zotheka kudya kabichi yokongoletsera?
Kukongoletsa kabichi ndi kotheka kudya, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikhalidwe ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwake. Pamutu wa zokongoletsera, masamba ali ochepa kusiyana ndi omwe ali patebulo, koma angagwiritsidwebe ntchito pokonzekera kabichi kapena maphunziro oyambirira. 
Masamba amakhala owawa pang'ono, koma kuchotsa ululu, mumangofunikira kufesa mbewu.
Kumapeto kwa yophukira, yokongola kabichi imakhala yeniyeni kupeza pamene mukudyetsa zinyama, zomwe akalulu amayaka ndi chikondi chapadera cha zomera.
Ngati pali mbewu zochepa zokhala ndi thanzi komanso zowonongeka zomwe zatsala mumsewu, masamba a yokongoletsera kabichi adzakhala mavitamini enieni.
Monga mukuonera, pakuyika khama kwambiri, simungangowonjezerapo zokongola m'munda wanu ndi masamba, komanso mutha kupeza phindu lothandizira kulima ndiwo zamasamba, choncho muyenera kuganiza kuti mutha kubzala kabichi.
